大学英语视听说教程

《大学英语视听说教程》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

大学英语视听说教程新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册听力练习录音文本和答案Unit1II.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptM:I’mbesidemyselfwithjoy.I’msolucky.Guesswhat?I’vewonalitofmoneyinthelottery.W:Yeah?Well,youdoknowthatmoneyistherootofallevil,right?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.ScriptW:Marywasfurious.Hersonwreckeduphercar.M:Heshouldn’thavedrivenacarwithoutadriver’slicense.He‘sstilltakingdrivinglesson.Q:WhatdoweknowaboutMary’sson?3.ScriptM:Susan,Ihearyou’regoingtomarrythatguy.Somepeoplethinkyou’llregretit.W:Isthatso?Onlytimetell.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.ScriptM:Mary,IjustwanttosayhowsorryIwastolearnofyourmother’spassing.Iknowhowcloseyoutwowere?W:Thankyou.Itwassosudden.I’MstillinastateofshockIdon’tknowwhattodo.Q:Whichoffollowingistrue?5.ScriptW:Igetfuriousatworkwhenmyopinionsaren’tconsideredjustbecauseI’mawoman.M:Youshouldairyourviewmoreemphaticallyanddemandthatyourvicebeheard.Q:Whatisthewomancomplainingabout?

1Keys:1.C2.B3.D4.A5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:Softanswersturnawaywrath.Mary:Dam!You’respilledredwineonme.Mynewdressisruined.John:I’mterriblesorry!WhatcanIdotohelp?Here’ssomewatertowashitoff.Mary:Stopsplashingwateronme!Oh,thisissoembarrassing!I’mamess.John:Well,youdolookalittleupset.Pleasedon’tblowup.Don’tloseyourcool.Mary:Hmm,you’vegotthenervetalkinglikethat!Whoshouldn’tflyoffthehandle?Thisdresscostafortune.John:Youlookreallycutewhenyou’remad.Ikidyounot.Somepeopledolookattractivewhentheyareinarage.Mary:Thisisveryexpensivedress.Isavedformonthstobuyit,andnowit’sruined.Lookatthisstain!John:Accidentsdohappen.Givemeyourdress,andI’lltakeittothecleaners.Mary:Sure!Youwantmetotakeitoffrighthereinpublicandgiveittoyou?Idon’tevenknowyou!John:Thismightbeareallygooftimetogetacquainted.I’mJohnOwen.Mary:Mmm,atleastyou’repolite.IguessIreallyshouldn’thaveflaredup.Afterall,itwasanaccident.I’mMaryHarvey.John:Comeon.I’lltakeyouhome.Youcanchangeyourclothes,andI’llgetthedresscleanedforyou.Mary:Nowyou’retalking.Thanks.You’rearealgentleman.John:You’dbetterbelieveit.I’mgladtoseethatyou’vecooleddown.Feellookabitetoeatafterward?I’mstarving.Mary:Ok.You’reprettygood.I’mnotnearlyasmad.Ifyoucangetthisstainout,I’llbeveryhappy.John:I’lltrymybest.ButifIcan’tgetthestainout,pleasedon’tletyourhappinessturntowrath.1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthedialog?2.Whydoesthewomangetangry?3.Whatdoesthemansaytopleasethewomanwhenshelooksangry?4.Whydoesthewomansaythemanisarealgentleman?5.Whatistheman’sfinalproposal?

2Keys:1D2.A3.C4.B5.CTask2:BigJohniscoming!ScriptAbarownerintheOldWesthasjusthiredatimidbartender.This(S1)owneroftheestablishmentisgivinghisnewhiresomeinstructionson(S2)runningtheplace.Hetellsthetimidman,“IfyoueverhearthatBigJohniscomingtotown,(S3)dropeverythingandrunforthehills!He’sthebiggest,nastiest(S4)outlawwho’severlived!”Afewweekspass(S5)uneventfully.Butoneafternoon,alocalcowhandcomesrunningthroughtown(S6)yelling,“BigJohniscoming!Runforyour(S7)lives!”Whenthebartenderleavesthebartostartrunning,heisknockedtothegroundbyseveraltownspeoplerushingoutoftown.(S8)Ashe’spickinghimselfup,heseesalargeman,almostsevenfeettall.He’smuscular,andisgrowingasheapproachesthebar.Hestepsuptothedoor,ordersthepoorbarkeepinside,anddemands,“IwantabeerNOW!”Hestrikeshisheavyfistonthebar,splittingitinhalf.(S9)Thebartendernervouslyhandsthebigmanabeer,handsshaking.Hetakesthebeer,bitesthetopofthebottleoff,anddownsthebeerinonegulp.Astheterrifiedbartenderhidesbehindthebar,thebigmangetsuptoleave,“Doyouwantanotherbeer?”thebartenderasksinatremblingvoice.“Dangit,Idon’thavetime!”thebigmanyells,(S10)“Igottogetoutoftown!Don’tyouhearBigJohniscoming?”Task3:AViewofHappinessScriptDr.Smithhasproposedareasonable,ifperhapssomewhatoversimplifies,viewofhappiness.Accordingtohistheory,happinessmightbedescribedasastateifbalance.Andwhenhumanorcertainanimalsachievethatbalance,theyrendtoremaininthatconditioninordertorepeatthehappyfeeling.Toillustratethis,wemaystudytwomagnets.Whentheirpositiveandnegativepolesmeet,theyarecomfortablyjoined,andtheyremainthere.Inother

3words,theyhaveattainedabalanceorstateofhappiness.Ifontheotherhand,oneofthepolesisreversed,andpositivepoleispressesagainstpositivepole,thereisresistance,instability,imbalanceastateofunhappiness.Animalswithsomedegreeofintelligenceseemtofindhappinessinreinforcement.Oncetheyhavegainedoneormoreoftheirgoalssuchasfood,andwater,theylearntorepeattheactionsthatledtosatisfactionofthosegoals.Thisrepetitionorreinforcementproducesastateofbalanceorsenseofhappiness.Accordingtothistheory,onlyanimalswithasignificantcapacitytolearnshouldbeabletoexperiencehappiness.Butintruthlearningcantakeplacethroughsurprisinglysimpleshort-termactionsuchasscratchinganitch,followedbypleasure,followedbymorescratching,andsoon.Thuslearningcanoccurwithalmostnoconsciousthought.Forhumanbeings,blessedwiththeabilitytoreason,goalsarenotlimitedtotheshort-termsatisfactionofneeds.Indeed,thereisastronglinkbetweenhappinessandthefulfillmentoflong-termgoals.Evenifhumanstriveforgoalsthataremorecomplexandlonger-termthantheanimals’goals,oncethosegoalsaregained,happinessisreinforced.1.Whydoesthespeakermention“magnets”?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatmayanimalsdoaftertheyhavegotfood?3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothespeaker?4.Whatdoesthespeakersayisspecialaboutthegoalsofhumanbeings?5.Whichofthefollowingbestcapturesthemainideaofthepassage?Keys:1D2.C3.B4.D5.AIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Don’tletitgettoyou!Susan:Youlooksoangry.Whathappened?Chris:NothingI’drathernottalkaboutit.Justdon’task.Susan:Comeon.Relax.Talktome.

4Chris:Allright.ThismorningItookmycartothegaragetochecktheairconditioner.Theyonlygaveitaquicklook,refilleditwithsomeFreon,andchargedme300bucks!Susan:Nowonderyou’relivid.I’dbemadtooifsomeonerippedmeofflikethat.Chris:Yeah.Andtheywererude.TheysaidIdidn’tknowanythingaboutcars,whichIdon’t,buttheydidn’thavetobeblunt!Susan:Soundslikeyougotarawdeal!Chris:What’sworse,asIwasleaving,Iherdthensaying,“Don’ttrustthatguy.Helooksbroke.”WhenIheardthat,Ialmosthittheroof.Susan:Don’tletitgettoyou.Betterignorethem.Chris:Iagree.Ididmanagetokeepmycool.Susan:Well,thebestthingyoucandoistofileacomplaintwiththeConsumerProtectionAgency.Chris:soundslikeagoodidea.MODEL2I’mtoodepressed.ScriptSusan:Chris,Ihearyou’vebeendowninthedumps,soI’vecometocheeryouup.Chris:It’snotgongowork.I’mtoodepressedSusan:Come,on.Tellmewhat’sonyourmind.Chris:Everything.Mygirlfriendleftme;mydogranaway;mywalletwasstolen.Susan:Don’tworry.I’llhelpyousolvethebiggestproblem:findingyouanewgirlfriend.Chris:Forgetit.Anyway,I’mgettingbadgrades,andIwastoldthatI’dhavetorepeatalotofcoursesnextyear.WhenIheardthat,Ialmostlostit.Susan:Look,relax.I’llhelpyouwiththosecourses.Chris:Yeah,butIalsohavethreeweek’slaundrytodo.,andmyroomisapigsty.Susan:Forgetit.You’reonyourown.Chris:Come,on.Whatarefriendsfor?Susan:Tokeepyouinhighspirits;nottodoyourlaundry.

5MODEL3Youseemtobeontopoftheworld.ScriptNora:Oh,hey,John!John:Hey!Nora:Youseemtobeontopoftheworldtonight.What’sup?John:I’msohappyI’mabouttoburst.Guesswhat?Nora:You’vegotme.John:Itmightbetruethatmisfortunesnevercomesingly,butyoucanalsohavea“doubleblessing”.Andthat’swhatIhad.Nora:Youmeanyou’vehadtwohappyeventsinyourlife?John:Exactly.Youknow,Iwasstronginallsubjectsexceptphysics.NowI’vefinallypassedthetest--theoneIneededtoqualifyforaBachelor’sdegree.Nora:Congratulations!You’dfaileditthreetimes.Nowwonderyou’rebeaming.What’stheothergoodnews?John:ThemultinationalIwasdongmyfieldprojectatofferedmeajobatagoodstaringsalary.Nora:Wow,wonderful,simplewonderful.John:Ifeellikecelebrating.Shallwegotoabar?Nora:Whynot?NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGA:Youlookfurious.Whathappened?B:Nothing.I’drathernottalkaboutit.Justdon’task.A:Comeon.Youshouldn’tkeepyourfeelingtoyourself.Youneedtoletoffsomestream.So,talktome.B:Allright.ThismorningIwenttoashoptobuyadigitalcamera,Ionlyneedanordinaryone.Itisenoughformytoursinthesummervacation.Buytheypersuadedmetobuyaprofessionalcamera,whichcostthreetimesasmuch.A:Butyouwerewillingtobuyforit.Anyway,itmustworkbetter.B:Yousee,Iknownexttonothingaboutphotography.Sotheysimplytrickedmeintobuyinganexpensiveone.

6A:Nowonderyou’relividwithrage.I’dbemadtooifIwererobbedlikethat.Whatareyougoingtodo?B:Ialreadywentbacktothemandaskedtoexchangeitforacheaperone.A:Whatdidtheysay?B:Oh,theywererude.Theyinsistedthattheyhadn’tencouragedmetobuyaprofessionalcamera,andthatIboughtitmyself.A:Soundslikeyougotarawdeal!B:What’sworse,asIwasleaving,Iheardtheysay,“Thatguylooksbroke.Heshouldn’thaveboughtanycamera.”A:Don’tletitgettoyou.Betterignoretheirruderemarks.B:Iagree.Ididmanagetokeepmycool.A:Well,thebestthingyoucandoistofileacomplaintwiththeConsumerProtectionAgency.Iftheytalktotheshop,maybetheywillgiveyouarefund.B:Soundstoogoodtobetrue.V.Let’sTalkScriptHello,everyone.TodayIinviteyoutojoinmeinanexplorationoffthecausesofdepression.Thereatemanyfactorsinvolved,butIbelievesomedeservespecialattention.Hereditycertainlyplaysarole..Thetendencytodevelopdepressionmaybeinherited;thereisevidencethatthisdisordermayruninfamilies.Physiologyisanotherfactorrelatedtodepression.Theremaybechangesorimbalancesinchemicalswhichtransmitinformationinthebraincalledneurotransmitters.Manymodernantidepressantdrugsattempttoincreaselevelsofcertainneurotransmitterssoastoincreasebraincommunication.Whilethecausalrelationshipisunclear;itisknownthatantidepressantmedicationsdorelievercertainsymptomsofdepression.Researchersalsostudypsychologicalfactors.Theyincludethecomplexdevelopmentofone’spersonalityandhowonehaslearnedtocopewithexternalenvironmentalfactors,suchasstress.Itisfreeqentlyobservedthatlowself-esteemandself-defeatingthinkingareconnectedwithdepression.Whileitisnotclearwhichisthecauseandwhichistheeffect,itisknownthatsuffererswhoareabletomakecorrectionstotheirthinkingpatternscanshowimprovedmoodandself-esteem.Anotherfactorcausingdepressionisone’searlyexperiences.Eventssuchasthedeathofaparent,thedivorceoftheparents,neglect,chronicillness,andseverephysicalabusecanalsoincreasethelikelihoodofdepressionlaterinlife.

7Somepresentexperiencesmayalsoleadtodepression.Jobloss,financialdifficulties,longperiodsofunemployment,thelossofaspouseorotherfamilymember,orotherpainfuleventsmaytriggerdepression.Long-termstressathome,work,orschoolcanalsobeinvolved.Itisworthnothingthatthoselivingwithsomeonesufferingfrom\depressionexperienceincreasedanxietywhichaddstothepossibilityoftheiralsobecomingdepressed.Depression-causingFactorsProblemDescriptionSolutionHeredityItisinheritedandruninfamilies.Physiologychangesorimbalancesinchemicalscalledneurotransmitters,whichtransmitinformationinthebrainAntidepressantdrugsrelievecertainsymptomsofdepression.PsychologicalFactorsLowself-esteemandself-defeatingthinkingareconnectedwithdepression.Suffererswhomakecorrectiontotheirthinkingpatternscanshowimprovedmoodandself-esteem.EarlyExperiencesEventlikethedeathofaparent,thedivorceofparents,neglect,chronicillness,andseverephysicalabusecanincreasethelikelihoodofdepression.PresentExperiencesJobloss,financialdifficulties,longperiodsofunemployment,thelossofaspouseorotherfamilymember,orlong-termstressmaytriggerdepression.LivingwithsomebodywithdepressionThiscausesincreasedanxiety,whichaddstothepossibilityoftheiralsobecomingdepressed.

8VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:ReasonandEmotionScriptEmotionissometimesregardedastheoppositeofreason;sissuggestedbyphrasesuchas”appealtoemotionsratherthanreason”and“don’tletyouremotionstakeover”.Emotionalreactionssometimesproduceconsequencesorthoughtswhichpeoplemaylaterregretordisagreewith;butduringanemotionalstate,theycouldnotcontroltheiractions.Thus,itisgenerallybelievedthatoneofthemostdistinctivefactsabouthumanbeingsisacontradictionbetweenemotionandreason.However,recentempiricalstudiesdonotsuggestthereisacleardistinctionbetweenreasonandemotion.Indeed,angerorfearcanoftenbethoughtofasaninstinctiveresponsetoobservedfact.Thehumanmindpossessesmanypossiblereactionstotheexternalworld.Thosereactionscanlieonacontinuum,withsomeoftheminvolvingtheextremeofpureintellectuallogic,whichisoftencalled“cold”,andothersinvolvingtheextremesofpureemotionnotrelatedtologicalagreement,whichiscalled“theheatofpassion”.Therelationlogicandemotionmeritscarefulstudy.Passion,emotion,orfeelingcanreinforceanargument,eventonebasedprimarilyonreason.Thisisespeciallytrueinreligionorideology,whichfrequentlydemandsanall-or-nothingrejectionoracceptance.Insuchareasofthought,humanbeingshavetoadoptacomprehensiveviewpartlybackedbyempiricalargumentandpartlybyfeelingandpassion.Moreover,severalresearchershavesuggestedthattypicallythereisno“pure”decisionorthought;thatis,nothoughtisbased“purely””onintellectuallogicor“purely”onemotion—mostdecisionsarefoundedonamixtureofboth.1.Whatresultsdoesthespeakermaysomefromemotionalreactions?2.Whatisthepopularbeliefaboutreasonandemotion?3.Whatdoesthespeakermeanby“cold“?4.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldpeopledoinreligiousmatters?

95.Whatisthespeaker’sconclusion?Keys:1.A2.B3.C4.C5.DTask2:DepressionScriptPat:Youlookdepressed.Areyoufeelingblue?I’vecometocheeryouup.Ted:Butthere’snothingthatcancheermeup.I’mdowninthedumps.Life’smiserablePat:Youhavetotrytogetyourmindoffthings.Ted:ButIcan’t.Ijustfeelthere’stoomuchpressureonmesometimes!Pat:Youcan’tletthingsgetyoudown.Learntorelaxandstopworryingallthetime.What’syourproblem?Ted:Ifailedmylastexam,andanotherexamiscoming,Igetbored.Pat:IfIwereyou,I’dstartworkinghard.Ifyouworkhardforalongtime,you’reboundtogetbettergrades.Yousee,“nopain,nogain”.Ted:It’seasiersaidthandone!IfIreadforfifteenminutes,Igetbored.Pat:Youhavetolearnsomeself-discipline.ButhowcanIstaycheerfulallthetime?Ted:Worsethanthat!IfIreadforhalfanhour,Igetaheadache.ThenIstarttoworryaboutpassingthenextexam.Pat:It’sallinyourmind.Ifyoustaycheerfullikeme,everythingwillsoonbeOK.Ted:ButhowcanIstaycheerfulallthetime?Pat:Trytolookonthebrightsideofthings.Ted:Butwhatifthereisn’tabrightside?Pat:Youknowthesaying:Everycloudhasasilverlining.Itmeansthere’realwaystowsidestoeverything—boththedarkandthebrightsides.So,trytoidentifyyourstrengthsandbringthenintofullplay.Ted:Oh,no!Yourcornyoldsayingsaremakingmeevenmoredepressed.Keys:TFFTF

10Task3:AngerScriptAngerisanemotionthatcanbehardtocontrol.Despitethis,weshouldlearnhowtomanageangerinaconstructivemanner.Inthemostintensemomentsofanger,weusuallyhavetwochoices:tofightortorun.Somechoosetheoptionofviolence,whichisanegativereactiontoanger;andotherschoosetorun.Somemaythinkrunningmeansyouareacoward.Buttheoptionofwalkingawayandclaimingdownisthemoreproductivemethodofhandlinganger.Itisdifficulttowalkaway,especiallywhenyourheartisracing,andyourangerisboilingover.Thereareconstructivewaysofhandlingangerinanysituation.First,youhavetostopforabriefmomentandthinkbeforeyouact.Takethatmomentandcalmdownidyoufeelyourselfbeingpushed.Atthatmomentyoushouldadmityouareangry.Ifyourefusetoadmityou’reangryorhurt,orifyoumakeitappearthateverythingispeachesandcream,youarenotmanagingangryinaproductiveway.Youshouldfirstadmityouareangryandletyourfeelingsoutbeforeyoublowup.Foeexample,youcanstayinaquietplacebyyourselfandshout;oryoucantalktoaclosefriendtoventyourrage.Ifyoudonotacknowledgeyouranger,itonlybuildsupinsideyouandwilleventuallyexplodelikeavolcanoThen,inordertomanageyourangry,youcanaskyourselfanimportantquestionthatweallmustaskourselves,“Whatmademeangry?”Whenyougettheanswer,andthenaskyourself,“Whydidthatmademeangry?”Throughsuchlogicalreasoning,onetendstocalmdownandmovetowardasensiblesolution.

11NewsReportU.S.RollerCoasterScriptTheworld’sfirst4Drollercoaster,“X”,tookonitsfirstpassengerslastweekattheSixFlagsMagicMountainthemepark,justoutsideLosAngeles.Afterclimbingonboardandproperlysecuringtheirsafetyharnesses,“X”ridersarefirsttoaheightofover66meters.Atthetop,thepassengertrainisreleasedandbuildsupenoughspeedtoraceandplummetaroundthetrackatspeedsofover130kmanhour.Theridertakesthedaringpassengersdownanincredible66mdiveandoverthetopofa62mloop,incarsthatspinindependentlyoftherollercoastertrain.Thisuniquedesignallowsriderstospin360degree,bothforwardsandbackwards,throughtheentireride.Passengershurtlethroughthisrideoftenmovinginmanydifferentdirectionsatthesametimeadthecarssomersaultbackandforthandtherollercoastertwists,loops,anddives.Thecomplicatedseriesofmaneuversincludestworaventurn,onefrontflip,onetwistingfrontflip,andtwobackflips.Sincepassengersaren’talwaysfacingtherightdirectiontoseewhat’scomingupnext,theelementofsurpriseishigh.For“X”riders,thisaddstothethrilloftheride.Thetrackofthisnewestrollercoasterrunsatotallengthofalittleover1,100meters.Thepassengertrainsmeasure6meterswideand21meterslong,largeenoughtocarry28passengersatatime.Atfullcapacity,thetrainscantake1,600passengersfortherideoftheirliveseachhour.Theentireridelastsforonlyatotalabout2minutes,butyoucantellfromtheexhilaratedfacesofpassengersreturningtotheboardingdockthattheyweretwoofthemostthrillingminutesofheirlives.

12Uint2II.BasicListeningPractice3.ScriptW:Didyouhear?Helengotmodelingjib!She’sgoingtobesashayingdownthecatwalk.M:Wow,that’sgreat!Allthatwalkingpracticereallypaidoff.Andfoeonceshewon’tbecomplainingaboutbeingsotall.Q:WhydidHelengetmodelingjob?4.ScriptM:Julia,comeandseetheMissAmericacontestonTV.Allthosebeautifulgirlsarewalkingaroundinbathingsuits,sothejudgescandecidewhohasthebestfigure.W:Bah!That’stheworstkindofexploitation.Theyaretreatingwomenliketoysforpeopletoenjoy.Iwouldnevertakepartinthiskindofcontest.Q:Whatdothemanandthewomanthinkaboutthebeautifycontest?3.ScriptW:WhatshallIdo?I’mfat.Iwanttobeslimandbeauty,butI’mfat.I’vetriedallthenewideas,highcarbandlowcarb,butnothingworks.M:Thosedietsarejustfads,popularforawhileandthenforgotten.Justfollowtheusualdietwithfruits,vegetables,fish,water,andgetplentyofexercise.Beforelongyou’llseeresults.Q:Whathasthewomantried?4.ScriptW1:IthinkLilyisreallyattractive.She’shalfSpanishandhasthisreallysultrylookabouther.W2:Thatexplainswhyshetanssowell.I’vealwaysbeenjealousofherskincolorinthesummer.Q:WhichoffollowingistrueofLily?5.ScriptM:Trustme,itwastightthereontheInternet:“PlasticSurgeryIncreasingataFasterRateAmongMen”.Apparentlymoreandmoremenaretryingtoimprovetheirappearance.W:Isawittooonthenews.Face-lifts,nosejobs,andboxtohidewrinklearenowverypopularwithmen.Mensayit’sforbusinessreasons,butweknowit’svanity.

13Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinktherealreasonisthatmenhaveplasticsurgery?Keys:1.B2.A3.C4D5BIII.ListeningInTask1:AFriendlyStylistStylist:Morning,sir.Thischair,please.WhatcanIdoforyou?Nick:Asimplehaircut:shortonthebackandsides.Stylist:Verygood.Ican,ofcourse,dosomethingfashionableforonly$60.Nick:60dollars!That’shighwayrobbery—twicewhatIordinarilypay.Stylist:Perhaps,sir.Butyourhaircutshaven’tbeeninharmonywithyourcharacter.Yourhairisatwarwithyoursoul.Nick:I’veneverheardofsuchathing.Stylist:IfImaysay,I’manexpertatmatchinghairstyletopersonalities.Believeme;you’resufferinga“disjunction”.Nick:Adisjunction?Whatthedevilisadisjunction?Stylist:Yourhairdoesnotmatchyou.Nick:Thisisutternonsense.However,I’dliketohearhowyou’dsolvethisso-calledproblem.Stylist:Yourcharacterisartistic,imaginative.Butyourhairisdull.Icancorrectthatimbalanceinseconds.Nick:Okay,letmeseewhatcanyoudoaboutthe…uh…disjunction,asyoucallit.Stylist:We’regoingtousescissorstocreatepeaks,whichwe’llkeepinplacewithaliberalhelpingofgel….Thistuftinthebackwe’llbraidintoapigtail.Now,it’sthenewyou!Nick:Iloveit.It’sjustlikeme:imaginativeandartistic.Nowwhatareyoudoing?What’swrong?Don’tyouseeharmonyinmynewhairstyle?Stylist:Something’spreventingyourhairstylefrombeingatruefashionablestatement.Nick:Forheaven’ssake,tellmewhat’smissing.Stylist:Streaks.Byputtinginafewyellowstreaksinyourhair,itwillbecomeaworkofart.Streakingwillcostyoumore,but…Nick:Doit.Forgetthecost.But,bytheway,whatisthetotalgettingtobe?HowmuchamIpayingtoavoiddisjunction?Stylist:That’s…$135.Sir?Sir,areyouallright?Oh,hefainted.6.Whenthestylistmentions$60,whatdoesthecustomersay?

147.Whatdoesthestylistthinkaboutthecustomer’shairstyle?8.Whatwillthestylistdowiththecustomer’shair?9.Whatwillstreakingdototheman’shairaccordingtothestylist?10.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Keys:1C.A3.D4.B5.AForReference:1.Itmeansthereisnomatchbetweenyouandyourhair.2.That’s…$135.Sir?Sir,areyouallright?Oh,hefainted.Task2:TheVoiceLiftScriptAftertheface-lift,theforeheadtightened,andthe(S1)nosejob,somethingstillmightberevealingyourage:your(S2)voice.Forpatientswhothinktheirtrembly,hoarsewordsdon’t(S3)matchtheirnewlyfaceandfigure,there’saprocedurethatclaimstomakethem(S4)soundyoungertoo:thevoicelift.Therearetwogeneralkindsofvoicelifts.Insomecases,implants(S5)insertedthroughanincisioninthe(S6)neckbringthevocalcordsclosertogether.Doctorsalsouseinjectionsof(S7)fatorothersubstancestoplumpupthecords,sothatthevoicesoundsyounger.(S8)Thevoiceliftisbecomingmorewidelyknownamonganagingpopulation,whotrytomakethemselvessoundyounger.“Ispeakinagreatdeal,orIwasshouting,onaparticularday,attheendoftheday,Iwouldfeelexhausted,”saidRobertBrown,75,(S9)aretiredconstructionengineerwhounderwentthevoiceliftseveralyearsago,“Idon’tknowifIsoundyounger,butthehoarsenessisgone,whichissuchagreatimprovement.”(S10)Voiceliftcanalsobenefitpeoplelikeperformers,lawyers,teachers,andtelephoneoperatorswhoneedtohaveastrongvoiceandhopetoshaveyearsoffthesoundoftheirvoice.Task3:AViewofHappinessScriptMenareturningtoplasticsurgeryandcosmeticprocedurestobrightenuptheirappearancesatafasterratethanwomen,accordingtoasurveyreleasedonWednesday.

15Men’suseoffatinjectionstosoftendeepwrinklesleaped47percentlastyearfromthepreviousyear.Women’suseoftheinjectionsfell36percent,accordingtoasurveybytheAmericanAcademyofFacialandPlasticReconstructiveSurgeons.Men’suseofbotoxinjectionstoeliminatefrownlinesrose88percent,whilewomen’sbotoxusefell8percent.Andforsmoothingskin,theuseoflaserresurfacingamongmenrose13percent,thesurveyshowed.Meanwhile,women’suseoflaserresurfacingdropped38percentduringthesametimeperiod.Thenumberofmengettingnosejobsrose47percent,whilethenumberofwomendoingsorose5percent.Typically,menandwomenvisitingplasticsurgeonsforcosmeticreasonswereage40to59.Thestudysaid44percentofmenand57percentofwomentelltheirdoctorthatlookingyoungeristhereasontheyarechoosingcosmeticsurgery.Byabout18percent,menaremorelikelythanwomentosaytheywantfacialcosmeticsurgeryforwork-relatedreasons.ThestudywasconductedbywrittenquestionnairesfromJanuary20toMarch3amongmorethan2,600membersoftheassociation,whofocusontreatmentoftheface,head,andneck.Bycomparison,inthepreviousyear,women’suseofbotoxrose60percentwhilemen’sfell14percent;women’suseoflaserresurfacingrose13percentwhilemen’sfell19percent;women’suseoffatinjectionsfell17percentandmen’sfell54percent.6.Whatistrueofmenandwomen’suseoffatinjections?7.Whileofthefollowingistrueofnosejobs?8.Howmuchgreateristhepercentageofwomenchoosingcosmeticsurgerytolookyoungerthanthepercentageofmen?9.Whatistrueofmenandwomenusingbotoxinthepreviousyear?10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Keys:1C2.C3.B4.B5.D

16IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1She’shavingsomecosmeticsurgery.Amy:DidyouhearNora’sofftoKorea?Bill:whyisshegoingtoKorea?Amy:Sheishavingsomecosmeticsurgery.Bill:I’mfloored!Ithoughtshewasbeautifulalready.Amy:Iknowwhatyoumean.She’shavinghernosefixed.Bill:Wasitbroken?Amy:No,stupid,she’shavingitmadesmaller.Bill:Ifshewasn’tbeautifulalready,Icouldunderstandgettingsurgery.Butshealreadyhasanicenose.Amy:Butnotafashionableone.She’salsohavingherteethstraighten.Shewantstohaveaperfectsmile.Bill:Whatfor?Amy:Shebelievesabetterphysicalappearancewillimproveherchanceofgettingagoodjob.Bill:Wewon’tevenrecognizeherwhenshegetsback.MODEL2IthinkIneedaface-lift.ScriptSusan:Hey!Amy:Hi!Don’tyouknowanyonewho’shadcosmeticsurgery?Susan:Youmeanlikealiposuction?Idon’tthinkthat’snecessary.That’snotthewayawomanshouldstayattractive.Amy:Honestly,Iwon’tgoasfarasthat.Withsurgery,Imightlookgorgeous,butitwouldn’tbetherealme.Susan:Yeah,peopleshouldbehappywiththewaytheyare.Amy:Iseeyourpoint.ButI’mworriedaboutthewrinklearoundmyeyes.IthinkIneedaface-lift.Whycan’twegobacktothewaythingswere?Susan:Because…Idon’tknow!But,Amy,youwouldn’tdothat,wouldyou?Amy:DarnedrightIwould!Idon’texpectmyskintobebaby-smooth,butIshouldatleastbeyoung-looking.Susan:Isn’tmakeupenough?Amy:Comeon,Susan.Beopen-minded!Lookatmyeyes!They’repuffy.Andmylowerlidsaredarkandloose,andfulloflinesandcircles.Ireallyhopesurgerycanwipeoutthetiredlook.Susan:Butwhatwouldotherpeoplethink?

17Amy:Idon’tcareotherpeoplethink.I’malreadyforalift.MODEL3Howdidyoufindtheplasticsurgerythere?ScriptSusan:HowwasyourtriptoKorea?Howdidyoufindtheplasticsurgerythere?Nora:Itwasallprettyscaryatfirst.Susan:AsIseeit,theycertainlydidabeautifuljobforyou.IfIhadn’trecognizedyourclothes,Iwouldn’thaveknownitwasyou!Nora:Tanks,butunderneaththissurgery,it’sstillthesameoldme.Susan:Well,whydidyouwantthesurgeryafterall?Nora:IfIwanttobecompetitiveinthejobmarket,Ithinkthisisindispensable.Susan:Howcanyousaythat!Youdon’tneedtochangeyourlookstogetagoodjob.Anyway,shallwegetsomelunch?Nora:I’mnothungry,reallyI’mnot.Susan:Didyoualreadyhavelunch?Nora:I’mskippinglunch.Iwanttostayingoodshape.IthinkI’mgettingabittoofatalready.Susan:Oh,Nora,don’tbesosilly!You’renotfatatall,andyouneedtoeat.Ifyoudon’teat,you’llgetsickandwindupinhospital.Nora:Ok,maybeIcouldeatalittle.Idowanttostayhealthy.NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGSally:Hi,John,nicetoseeyouhere.John:Hi,sorry,yournameescapesmemomentarilySally:Oh,I’mSally.Don’tyourecognizeme?John:NowIsee,you’reSally!Youhavechangedbeyondrecognition!Sally:Ihadcosmeticsurgery.John:I’mconfuses!Ithoughtyouweregood-lookingbefore.Sally:Mynosewasratherflat.Thebridgeofmynosewasn’thighenough.SoIgotmynosefixed.John:That’sabsolutelyunnecessary.Icanalsoseeyoureyeshavechangedalot.

18Sally:Yeah,mysingle-foldedeyelidshavebecomedouble-folded.John:Whatelsedidyoudo?Sally:Ialsohavemyteethstraightened.IfeltuncomfortableaboutmyuneventeethwheneverIsmiled.NowIthinkIhaveabettersmile.John:Whydoyouhavesomuchsurgery?Sally:Ibelieveabetterphysicalappearancewillhelpmelandabetterjob.John:Nonsense.Mostemployersaremoreinterestedinyourpracticalabilitythanyourlooks.V.Let’sTalkScriptGreetings,ladiesandgentlemen.Ihopeyou’llfinditinterestinghowtobefashionablewithoutspendingtoomuchmoney.Sure,somefamousstarsalwayslookstylish.Theyhaveunlimitedclothingbudgetsthatputthelatestlooksattheirfingertips!Butyoucanalsolookamazingwithoutspendinglotsofmoneyonyourwardrobes.Simpletrythefollowingsuggestionsonforsize.First,youshouldmakeseasonalpurchases;thatis,youshouldbuywintercoats,leatherjackets,bathingsuits,adsummerdressattheendoftheseason.You’llgetmajordiscountsasyoustockupforthenextyear.Ifyouwantclothestowearrightnow,youcangotodiscountstores.Theymaynotbetheplacetobuyanexpensiveeveningdress,butthey’reperfectforbuyingthingslikeT-shirtsThereisyetanothercheapwayofyoutobuystylishclothes.Manydepartmentstoreshaveastorebrand.Itmeanstheyoffercurrentstylesbutaremuchcheaperthanbig-namebrands.Tosavemoney,animportantprincipleforyoutofollowistonotbuy“outfits”.Withtheexceptionofsuits,interchangeablepiecearemoreaffordable—buyingclothinginseparate.Wear-with-anythingpiecesarealwaysagoodbuy.Forexample,youcanalmostalwayswearapairofblacktrousersandawhitedressskirt;youcanwearthemseveraltimesaweek,pairedwithdifferentaccessories.Ifyoucan’taffordexpensiveclothes,youcanspendmoneyonaccessoriessuchasniceshoesandfashionablebags.Suchextrasmakeeventhesimplestoutfitlookpolished.Finally,agreathaircutalwayshelps.Whenyouhairlooksfabulous,youlookmorestylishandfashionable.

19Money-savingMethodsDetailedDescriptionseasonalpurchasesYoushouldbuythingsattheendoftheseason.You’llgetmajordiscounts,andyou’llbestockedupforthenextyear.discountstoresThey’reperfectforbuyingthingslikeT-shirts.AstorebrandStoresoffercurrentstylesthataremuchcheaperthanbig-namebrands.Don’tbuyoutfitsBuying separatesismuchmoreaffordable.Wear-with-anythingpiecesYoucanalmostalwayswearapairofblacktrousersandawhitedressskirt;youcanwearthemseveraltimesaweek,pairedwithdifferentaccessories.spendmoneyonaccessoriesExamplesareniceshoesandfashionablebags.SuchextrasmakeeventhesimplestoutfitlookpolishedagreathaircutYoulookmorestylishandfashionablewithanicehaircut.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:BeautyContestsandPlasticSurgeriesScriptJulianaBorges,whowasnamed“MissBrazil”earlyonTuesday,hadplasticsurgeryfourtimesandunderwent19smalleroperations.Shewasjustoneofmanycompetitorswhoweredeterminedtoimprovetheirappearancethroughsurgery.“Plasticsurgerymakememorebeautifulandgavemeconfidenceinmyselfandtheperfectmeasurementthatwonmethistitle,”saidthebeautyqueeninagreendress,whowasrepresentingBrazil’ssouthernmoststateofRioGrandedoSul.

20Borges,22,hadliposuctionandhadherchin,nose,andearsworkedon,aswellas,hadherbreastsenlarged.Withthedevelopmentofplasticsurgery,moreandmoreofBrazil’swould-bebeautyqueenarefindingiteasiertoachievetheidealmeasurements.Thesedays,younghopefulsfromtheAmazonjungletobigcitiesinBrazil’ssouthareplanningsurgery.Athirdofthe27finalistsatthebeautycontestwentunderthescalpelafterruleswerechangedinthe1990s.Thenewrulespermitplasticsurgery,coloredcontactlenses,andhairdyeatbeautycontests.TheorganizersoftheMissBrazilcontestsaid,“It’sawaroutthere,andallofthebeautytoolsthatcanbeusedshouldbeused.OthercountrieslikeVenezuelapavedtheway,andBrazilisgoingtohavetousethosetoolsaswellifitwantstocompeteinMissUniversitybeautycontests.”ButBrazil’sloveforplasticsurgeryisnotlimitedtobeautycontests.Mostyoungwomenwhoundergosurgerywanttofindabettermanorahigher-payingjob.5.HowmanysurgicaloperationsdidtheformerMissBrazilhavealtogether?6.Whatchangehasplasticsurgerybrought,accordingtothepassage?7.Whichofthefollowingisallowedaftertheruleschangedinthe1990s??4.Whichofthefollowingcountriesismentionedasapioneerinusingbeautytools?5.WhatisthegoalofmostyoungBrazilianwomenwhoundergosurgery?Keys:1.A2.C3.D4.B5.ATask2:Isittruebeauty?ScriptJohn:TheregoesCamilla.Shelooksgorgeoustoday,doesn’tshe?Herskinisassmoothasababy’sbottom.HerlipsareaperfectCupid’sbow.Shemusthavedozensofadmirers.Becky:Iwonderwhatshelookslikewithoutallmakeup.Shemustoutitwithaspoon.It’slikeamask.Idon’tunderstandwhatmenfindsoattractiveabouther.John:DoIdetectahintofjealousy?Becky:Shehasnothingformetobejealousabout.

21John:I’llbeyoubelieveinthosesayinglike:Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder.Becky:Truebeautycomesfromwithin.Naturalmaterialsshouldbeenoughtobringitout.John:Butdoyoualwayssticktothoserules?WhenIwentpastyourapartmentlastnight,Isawyouinthekitchenwithsomegreensubstancesmearedallyourface.Becky:Theywerecucumbers.They’renaturalhealersoftheskin.Haven’tyouheardpeoplesayonTVthattheysoftentheskin,wipeouttheroughness,andbuildstrengthandresilience?John:Yeah,yeah,yeah!Theywipeoutlinesandagesigns.Blah,blah,blah!See,Icanevenrecitethatadvertisement.Becky:You’velearnedalot,haven’tyou?John:Sinceyoucankeepyourskinsoyoung-lookingandmaintainyourfiguresowell,youmightaswellaswriteabookonbeautysecrets.Becky:Don’tpullmyleg.Anyway,you’ddowelltotrythecucumbertreatmentonyourself.Putsomecucumbersliceonyourhead.Atleastthey’llkeepthatbaldspotfromshiningsobrightly..Keys:FTFTFTask3:ChangingYourHairstyletoImproveYourAppearanceScriptIfyouwanttolookbetter,changingyourhairstylecanbeasimplefix.Ifyou’retryingtoreachaweight-lossgoal,anewhairstyleisaquickandeasywaytofreshenupyourlooks—andboostyourconfidence.Accordingtoapopularhairstylist,clientsoftensay,“Iwanttocutmyhair,butIshouldloseweightfirst.”Butthat’snottherightsequence;it’stheotherwayaround.Youshouldknowwhathairstylewillflatteryouthemost,thestylethatwillshowoffyouparticularfeaturetothebestadvantageevenbeforeyoubegintoloseweight.

22Forexample,manymaywanttofollowatreadandwearlonghair.Butsomemaylookbetterwithshorterhairiftheyhavearoundface.“Whenit’stoolong,itcandragyourfacedownandactuallybringattentiontothefeaturesyoudon’twanttoemphasize,”saysGuyRiggio,afamoushairstylistinLosAngeles.Howshortistooshort?Thatdependsthelengthofyourneck.Riggiosays,“Thelongertheneck,theshorteryoucango.”Sometopstylistsbelievethatwomenshouldstayclearofbangs.Thickbangsmaybefashionableattimes,buteventhinbangsarehardtowear.“Theychangetheshapeofyourface,makingitseemshorter,”saysNewYorkhairstylistO’Connor.Instead,youshouldpullyourhairawayfromyourface.Itwillmakeyourfacelooklonger.Finally,pickastylistwho’sknowledgeableandwhoseopinioncanbetrusted.Thenhavefunwiththenewstyle.ForReference:1.Itisaquickandeasywaytofreshenupyourlooks—andboostyourconfidence2.Clientsoftensay,“Iwanttocutmyhair,butIshouldloseweightfirst.”Butthat’snottherightsequence;it’stheotherwayaround.3.Thespeakersayifyouhavearoundface,youmaylookbetterwithshorthair.4.Thatdependsthelengthofyourneck.Thelongertheneck,theshorteryoucango.5.Theychangetheshapeofyourface,makingitseemshorterNewsReportMissWorldScriptTheMissWorldtitlewenttofirstblackAfricancontestanteverinits51-yearhistoryattheMissWorldfinalsinSunCity,SouthAfricaonFriday.Organizersofthepageantsaidtheyexpectedaboutonebillionpeopletohaveturnedintowatchthebeautyqueenextravaganza.TheeventwashostedbyAmericantalkshowhost,JerrySpringer,ataglitzyresortintheheartofSouthAfrica’sbushcountry.[SOUNDBITE]

23Thepageantwascreatedin1951byapublicrelationsexecutiveforasmallleisureandentertainmentcompany.Itwasinitiallyintendedtobeonlyaone-timeevent,butwascontinuedaftertheUnitedStatesbegantherivalMissUniversecontestin1952.Inmorethanhalfacentury,therehavebeenonlythreeMissWorldwinnersfromAfrica,twoofthemwhiteSouthAfricaandthethirdfromEgypt.MissWorldhasuntilnowbeendominatedbywinnerfromEurope,theAmericas,andIndia,themajorityofthembeingCaucasian.Thecontestantsinthispageantarejudgesinthreedifferentcategories:beauty,grace,andcharm;talent,poise,andpersonally;andfigureanddeportment.Afterthefirstroundofjudging,theoriginalgroupof92contestantswaspareddowntoonlytenfinalistswhowouldgoontocompeteforthetitle.Thesecond-runnerupinthistenyear’spageantwasMissScotland,18-year-oldJuliet-JaneHorne.[SOUNDBITE]ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasrepresentedforthefirsttimethisyearby18-year-odBingLi.[SOUNDBITE]ThetitleoffirstrunnerupwenttoMissAruba,19-year-oldZereldaLee.[SOUNDBITE]Thecompetitionwasfierceaseachofthetenfinaliststookherturninthespotlightinfrontofaliveaudience.Butoutofthe92contestants,itwasMissNigeria,18-year-oldAgbaniDarego,whotookhomecoveredtitleandthe$100,000prize.[SOUNDBITE]Beforebeingcrowed,Daregotookthevictorywalkwearingalime-green,bodyhuggingdressandwavedtoacheeringcrowd.ThenewsofhervictorysparkedrapturouscelebrationsalloverNigeria’sbiggestcity,Lagos.

24Uint3II.BasicListeningPractice5.ScriptW:Didyouseethepapertoday?TherewasanearthquakeinBrazil.M:Yes,butitonlymeasured3.5ontheRichterscale.Idon’tthinktherewereanycasualties.Q:Whatistheresultoftheearthquakeof3.5ontheRichterscaleaccordingtotheman?2.ScriptW:I’dabitworriedaboutSuzietravelingtosouthernIndia.It’stherainyseasonthere,andtheremaybelandsides.M:Suziecantakecareofherself;shewon’tgoanywheretoorisky.Besides,youcanalwayse-mailherifitmakesyoufeelbetter.Q:WhatisSuziedoing?3.ScriptM:Hi,IthoughtyouwereonholidayinAsia!Backalready?W:wenevergotthere!Ourtravelagentcancelledourarrangementsbecausethewholeregionisflooded.Weweresodisappointed;wewon’tgetanotherchancetogothisyear.Q:Whatisthewomandoing?4.ScriptM:OurflighttoTokyowasdelayedbytwelvehours.Canyoubelieveit?Atyphoonhittheeastcoastanditwaschaos.W:Isawitonthenews.Thefloodinganddamagewereterrible.Idon’tthinkanyonewashurtthough.Q:Whatistheconsequenceofthetyphoon?5.ScriptW:Didyouseetheprogramlastnightaboutvolcanoes?Itwasfascinating!

25M:Yes,theweirdthingisthemoltenlavalookssobeautiful,yetit’ssodestructive.AndIcouldn’tbelievehowfartheashcantravel.I’mgladwedon’thaveanyvolcanoeshere!Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkthevolcanois?Keys:1.D2.A3.C4.B5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:Softanswersturnawaywrath.Son:Hi,mom,whatarewehavingfordinnertonight?Mom:Ihaven’tstartedyet.Why,haveyouanyrequires?Son:Howabouttsunamiforachange—Idon’tknowwhatis,butIheardsomeJapanesepeopleusingthewordonthebustheotherday.Soundslikeafood.Maybeit’ssimilartosushi.Mom:Nonsense.TsunamicomesfromJapanesewordsmeaningharborandwave.Ifwehadatsunami,itwouldbetheotherwayaround,youngman.Son:Why?Whatisit?Mom:Imeanitmayswallowyouup.Atsunamiisanenormousseriesofverypowerfulwaves.Son:Couldyousurfonthem?Thatcouldbecool.Mom:They’renotcool.Theyareverydestructive.Whentheypoundtheshoreofpopulatedareas,theycausetremendousdamage.Theydestroyeverythingintheirpath.Son:Whatcausesthem?Mom:Ithinktheyarecausedbysomesortofshock,likeanearthquake,volcano,orlandsidethatstartsachainreactionintheocean.Son:Dothewavesgettobigthattheycrushbuildings?Mom:Easily.Theycanbedozensofmetershigh.Theytosscarsandhousesaroundasthoughtheywerechildren’stoys.Son:Canyouseethemcoming?Mom:Youcanseethematquiteadistance.Butthere’snotmuchyoucando.Intheopenoceantheymoveatupto800kmperhour,butwhenitreachestheshore,thesystemslowsdownandthewavesgetbigger.Son:Howbig?Mom:Theycanreach30meters.Bigenoughtofinishyouoffinonegulp.11.Whatthesonthinkatsunamiis?12.WhatdoesMomimplybysaying,“Ifwehadatsunami,itwouldbetheotherwayaround”?13.Whatdoesthesonthinksurfingontsunamiwaveswouldbelike?14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasthecauseofatsunami?15.Howhighcantsunamiwavesreach?

26Keys:1B2.C3.A4.D5.CForReference1.Intheopenoceantheymoveatupto800kmperhour,butwhenitreachestheshore,thesystemslowsdownandthewavesgetbigger.2.Theycanreach30meters.Bigenoughtofinishyouoffinonegulp.Task2:FloodinginHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicScriptThedeathtoocontinuesto(S1)climbfromlastweek’sfloodinginHaitiandtheDominicanRepublic.TheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(S2)reportsthatatleast1,068peoplearedead,1,600are(S3)missing,and25,000areinneedofemergencyfoodandotherformsof(S4)assistance.InDominicanRepublic,414aredeadand274aremissing,allfromthetownofJimani.Akey(S5)factorinthewidespreaddestructionistheextensivedeforestationandthe(S6)presenceofsettlementsalongthefloodplainsofrivers.Thefloodingwasdrivenbyintenserainfall.Alow-pressuresystem(S7)originatinginCentralAmericabroughtexceptionallyheavyrainandthunderstormstoHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicfromMay18to25.(S8)Rainfallexceeded500mm(or19.7inches)alongtheborderareasofHaitiandtheDominicanRepublicduringthatperiod.AtthetownofJimani,DominicanRepublic,250mm(or10inches)ofrainfellinjust24hours,causingtheSolieRivertooverflowitsbanksfromMay24to25.Theheavyrainfallresultedinflashfloodingandextensivedebrisflowedovertheentireregion.Swollenriversanddebriscutoffmanyoftheroadstraversingtheareaalongthebaseofthemountains.(S9)Thismadeitdifficultforhumanitarianreliefworkertorescuestrandedpeopleanddeliverbadly.Nowpeoplewanttoknow:Howoftendofloodsandrelatedlandmassmovementalsocausedlandsidesinafewplaces.(S10)AnalysisofthepastdateshowsthatmajorfloodsintheDominicanRepublicandHaitiarenowanear-annualevent.Since1986,twelvelethaleventshaveoccurredontheisland.Task3:ABlizzardScript

27Ablizzardisaseverweatherconditioncharacterizedbylowtemperaturesandstrongwinds,greaterthan15milesperhour,bearingagreatamountofsnow.Becausethefactorsforclassifyingwinterstormsarecomplex,therearemanydifferentdefinitionsofwhatablizzardtrulyis.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatinordertobeclassifiedasablizzard,asopposedtomerelyawinterstorm,theweathermustmeetseveralconditions.Thestormmustdecreasevisibilitytoaquarterofamileforthreehoursrunning.Includesnoworiceasprecipitation,andhavewindspeedofatleast32milesperhour,whichmeansForce7ormoreontheWindScale.Anotherstandard,accordingtoEnvironmentCanada,isthatthewinterstormmusthavewindsof40kilometersperhourormi=ore,plentyofsnow,visibilitylessthan1kilometer,atemperatureoflessthan-25degreesCelsius,andalloftheseconditionsmustlastfor4hoursormore,beforethestormcanproperlybecalledablizzard.Whenalltheseconditionscontinueaftersnowhasstoppedfalling,thestormisreferredtoasagroundblizzard.Anextensiveformofblizzardisawhiteout,whenthedowndrafts,togetherwithsnowfall,becomesoseverthatitisimpossibletodistinguishthegroundfromtheair.Peoplecaughtinawhiteoutcanquicklybecomedisoriented,losingtheirsenseofupanddownaswellastheirsenseofdirection.Severeblizzardcanalsooccuralongwitharcticcyclones.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?12.Whichofthefollowingistrueofablizzardaccordingtothefirststandard?13.Whichofthefollowingistrueofablizzardaccordingtothesecondstandard?14.Whatisagroundblizzard?5.Whichofthefollowingisintheorderofincreasingforce?Keys:1A2.B3.C4.D5.CForReferenceTheycanquicklybecomedisoriented,losingtheirsenseofupanddownaswellastheirsenseofdirection.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Itwasastrongearthquake

28Amy:Bill,itwasastrongearthquake!Thehousewasshaking,thewindowbreaking!Terrible.Bill:Iknow,itwasterrible.Isawyourfaceturnwhitasyouranandgotunderthetable.Amy:IadmitIpanicked.Butitwasn’tanoccasionforustobecareless.It’sbettertobecautious.Theremightbeaftershocks.Bill:Oranevenbiggerquake!Amy:Toplayitsafe,let’sturnoffthegasandelectricity.Bill:Right.Let’sgettheemergencyearthquakekitalready.It’sinthekitchen.Ithasfood,flashlights,andafirst-aidkit.Amy:Let’sturnontheradiofornews.Iguessthequakemeasuresatleast5ontheRichterScale.Bill:Whoknowwhatmighthappentomorrow,nextmonthornextyear?Afterall,thiscityissaidtobelocatedinanearthquakezoneAmy:Therehasn’tbeenmuchactivityfordozensofyearsBill:Butamajorquakemayhitatanytime.Amy:Ithinkwe’dbettermovetoanearthquake-proofhouse.Bill:Smartthinking!MODEL2Thingsareabitoutofbalance.ScriptJohn:Theseventhstraightdayofrain.It’stoomuch.Thingsareabitoutofbalance.Susan:Yeah,toomuchrainhere,toolittlethere.Lastsummerfirestormsdestroyedmanypartsoftheglobe.John:Firestormsareaprettyinterestingphenomenon.Theygeneratesomuchheatthattheycreatetheirownweather.Nothingyoucandoaboutit.Susan:Onceafiredevelopedintoafirestorm,there’snostoppingit.Somepeoplethinkweshouldn’ttry.John:Youmean,justlettheforestsburn?Howcanwewatchpeople’shomesonfirewithfoldedarms?Susan:Someexpertsarguethatforestfiresarepartofnature,andthatweshouldn’ttrytointerfere,except,ofcourse,tosavehomesandlives.John:Itseemswrongtoletallgoodtimberburn.Whatawastethatwouldbe!

29Susan:Butthat’snature’swayofcleaningupthedebristhatcollectsontheforestfloorandcreatingnewkindofgrowth.John:Maybeso,butitstillseemswrongtojustletfiresburn.Susan:Afterall,therehavebeenverdantforestsformillionsofyearswithoutman’shelpfightingthefires.John:Thatmaybetrue,butIstillthinkit’swrongtonotputoutforestfiresMODEL3ThisistheislandthatdisappearedScriptSusan:Justlookatthatsky.Aren’tthetwilightcolorsbeautiful?John:Um.EvenheardofthefamoussunsetsthatfollowedtheKrakatoavolcanoeruption?Susan:DoyoumeanthePacificislandthatblewupintheeighteenhundreds?John:Yeah.Deepredsunsetsappearedonthehorizonforthethreeyearsaftertheexplosion.Susan:Theywerecausedbythefinedustthatspreadthroughtheearth’satmosphere.John:People5,000kilometersawayfromKrakatoareportedhearingtheenormousblast.Susan:AndashesevenfellonSingapore,morethan500kilometerstothenorth.John:AsIremember,twothirdsoftheislandsimplydisappeared,blowntobits.Susan:Andthengiantseawavesfollowed,killingmorethan40,000peoplewholivedthere.John:Apparentlythebiggestofthosewavestraveled4,000kilometersinjust12hours.Susan:Idon’tthinkthere’severbeenanothernaturaldisasterquitelikeit,doyou?John:AmountaincalledVesuviuserupted,buryingthenearbytownofPompeiiinashes;butthatwasinasmallerscale.NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOG

30Josh:Maggie,I’vejustreadafiredestroyedmuchoftheforestonDayMountaininHongKongtheotherday.Maggie:I’veheardthattoo.Thelocalgovernmentsentfirefightersandevenhelicopterstotrytoputoutthefire.ButIthinktheyshouldn’thavetried.Josh:Youmean,theyshouldjustlettheforestsburn?Howcantheystandbyandwatchpeople’shomesgoupinflames?Maggie:Someexpertsarguethatforestfiresareaphaseinthecycleofnature,andweshouldn’tinterfere.Except,ofcourse,tosavelives.Josh:Itseemswrongtoallowfirestoburnupgoodtimber.Whatawastethatwouldbe!Yousee,thefire-hitareaextendsnearly4,00squaremeters.Maggie:Butthat’snature’swayofcleaningupthedebristhatcollectsontheforestfloorandcreatingspacefornewgrowth.Josh:Thatmaybetrue,butitstillseemswrongtojustletfiresburn.Theydestroyednotonlytimber,butmanyrarebutterflieslivingthereMaggie:Anyway,therehavebeenverdantforestsformillionsofyearswithoutman’shelpincombatingfires.Josh:Youmaybecorrect,butIstillthinkit’swrongtonotputoutforestfires.Iftoomanytreesaredestroyed,theveryexistenceofhumanbeingsisthreatenedV.Let’sTalkScriptAnaturaldisasteristheconsequenceofahazardousevent,occurringwhenhumanactivitiesareaffectedbyadversenaturalphenomenasuchasflood,drought,hailstorm,heatwave,forestfore,hurricanesortyphoons,tornado,tsunami,landsidesandmudslides,orvolcaniceruption.Theresultingdeathsorpropertydamagesdependonthehumanabilitytoresistthedisasters.Sometimestwoseeminglydifferentdisastersmayberelatedtoeachother.Forexample,anunderseaearthquakemayresultinatsunami.Whilethereisalongdryspellinonearea,theremaybeagreatfloodinanother.Itisnecessaryforhumanbeingstounderstandandcombatnaturaldisasters.

31Adroughtisalong-lastingweatherpatternconsistingofdryconditionswithverylittleornoprecipitation.Duringthisperiod,foodandwatersuppliescanrunlow,andothercondition,suchasfamine,canresult.Droughtcanlastforseveralyearsandareparticularlydamaginginareasinwhichtheresidentsdependonagricultureforsurvival.Afloodfollowstoomuchrainorwaterinalocation,andcouldbetheresultofmanydifferentconditions.Floodscanbecausedbyheavyrainfallfromastorm,includingthunderstorms,rapidmeltingofalargeamountsofsnow,orriverswhichswellfromtoomuchprecipitationupstream,causingwidespreaddamagetoareasdownstream.Anotherpossiblecauseofafloodistheburstingofman-madedams.DescriptionNaturaldisasterAdversenaturalphenomenasuchasflood,drought,hailstorm,heatwave,forestfore,hurricanesortyphoons,tornado,tsunami,landsidesandmudslides,orvolcaniceruption.RelationshipBetweenTwoDisastersTheyarerelatedtoeachother.Anunderseaearthquakemayresultinatsunami.Whilethereisalongdryspell Inonearea,theremaybeagreatfloodinanother.DroughtDuringadrought,foodandwatersuppliescanrunlow,andothercondition,suchasfamine,canresult.Droughtareparticularlydamaginginareasinwhichtheresidents dependonagricultureforsurvival.FloodFloodscanbecausedbylongrainfallfromastorm,includingthunderstorms,rapidmeltingofalargeamountsofsnow,orriverswhichswellfromtoomuchprecipitationupstream,causing

32widespread damagetoareasdownstream.Anothercauseofafloodistheburstingofman-madedams.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:DescriptionofaTsunamiScriptAstrangehissingnoisefilledtheair,saidwitnessestothedisaster,andthatwasfollowedbyanear-shatteringroar.Racingtowardtheshoreatspeedof450kilometersperhourwasavastblackwallofwatermorethan20metershigh.Forsunbathersonthebeachesanddinersatoutdoorbeachfrontcafestherewasnoescape.Alongwithfishingboats,automobiles,trams,trains,early-morningshoppersandbeachbungalowstheyweresmashedtothegroundandsweptasfarastwokilometersinlandbytheforceofthetsunamithatcameafteraforce9earthquakedeepundertheseaoffthecoastofSumatra.Manylocalresidents,includingnumerouschildren,rushedontothebeachtopickupfishthrownashorebythefirstgiantwave.Beforetheycouldreturntosafety,asecondpowerfulwavestruckandsweptthemtotheirdeathsatsea.Whentheworstofthewatersfinallyretreatedbackintotheocean,bodieslayeverywhere,andmanyhungfromtrees.Atleast140,000peoplediedinthefloodingaroundtherimoftheIndianOceanandasfarawayasKenyaandSomalia.Stillmissingaremorethanathousandpeople,amongthen200Indonesianfishmen.

33HundredsoffishingvillageinIndia,Indonesia,SriLankaandThailandarecutofffromsuppliesofcleanwater,foodandmedicines.Reliefeffortsfromacrosstheglobearerushingtowardsthedisasterarea.Whethertheywillbeabletopreventfurtherdeathsfromdiseaseremaintobeseen.8.Whathappenedaftershoppersweresmashedtotheground?9.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedafterthefirstgiantwave?10.Howmanypeoplearemissinginthedisaster?11.Whatmayfollowimmediatelyafterthedisaster,accordingtothepassage?12.Whatidthepassagemainlyabout?Keys:1.A2.C3.B4.D5.ATask2:DroughtinSouthAfricaScriptSouthAfricaisheadingforadisasterinthenewyearbecauseofadrought.Thewaterlevelatsomedamshavedroppedbelow20%whilethegroundwatertablehasdroppedbyasmuchs30metersEmergencymeasurehavebeenintroducedensurethatmillionsofpeoplehaveenoughwatertosurvive.Inruralareaswithoutdams,thegovernmenthastosendwaterbytruckandsinknew,deeperwellstoprovidedrinkingwater.Tankedwaterisprovidedabout3.5millionSouthAfricans.Peopleherenormallyusebarely30litersaday,andisimpossibletofurtherlimittheirusage.Thatiswhyagriculturalusehastoberestricted.Morethan100,000farmworkersmightlosetheirjobsifitdoesnotrainsoon.Waterrestrictions,whichhaveanegativeinfluenceontheagriculturalsectorinparticular,havealreadybeenimposedinseveraldistricts.Farmershavebeenforcedtostopirrigatingtheircropstoensurethatenoughwaterisavailablefordomesticuse.Maizefarmersintheeasternpartsofthecountryhavealmostnohopeofplantingtheircropintime.Theyneedrainwithinthenexttwoweekstobeabletostartplanting.Wherefarmersdidsow,theseedlingshavebeenscorchedunderthesun.

34Anestimated40,000headoflivestockhavediedbecauseofthedryspell.Thousandsofstockfarmerswillhavetoslaughtertheirlivestockonalargescalebecausethereisnograssleft.Thepartssufferingthemostwereruralareaswithoutdams.Ifitdoesnotrain,thepeopletherewillfaceahugecrisis.Keys:FFTFTTask3:BravefiremenScriptAfirestartedonsomegrasslandnearafarminAlberta,Canada.Thefiredepartmentfromthenearbytownwascalledtoputthefireout.Thefireprovedtobemorethanthesmalltownfiredepartmentcouldhandle,sosomeonesuggestedthataruralvolunteerfirecompanybecalled.Sincethecompanywascomposedentirelyofmenover65,therewasdoubtthattheywouldbeofassistance.Butwithnootherhelpavailable,thefarmercalledthefirecompanyaway.Thevolunteerfirecompany’smenarrivedinadilapidatedoldfiretruck.Thetruckdrovestraighttowardthefireand,insteadofstoppinginfrontofthefire,droverightontothemiddleoftheflames.Thevolunteerfiremenjumpedoffthetruckandstartedsprayingwaterinalldirections.Soontheyhadputoutthecenterofthefire,breakingtheblazeintotwoeasilycontrollableparts.Afteranhourofintensefighting,theyhadextinguishedthefire.Thefarmerwasimpressedbythebravevolunteerfiremenandtheirwork.Hewassogratefulthathisfarmhadbeensparedthathepresentedthevolunteercompanywithacheckfor$10,000.Alocalnewsreporteraskedthevolunteerfirecaptainwhatthecompanyplannedtodowiththefunds.Thefiremanlookedhimrightintheeyeand

35said,“Thatshouldbeobvious.Thefirstthingwe’regoingtodoistogetthebrakesfixedonthatstupidfiretruck.”ForReference1.Sincethecompanywascomposedentirelyofmenover65,therewasdoubtthattheywouldbeofassistance.Butthefarmercalledthefirecompanyawaybecausethefireprovedtobemorethanthesmalltownfiredepartmentcouldhandle,andtherewasnootherhelpavailable.2.Thetruckdrovestraighttowardthefireand,insteadofstoppinginfrontofthefire,droverightontothemiddleoftheflames.3.Afteranhourofintensefighting,theyhadextinguishedthefire.4.Hepresentedthevolunteercompanywithacheckfor$10,000.Thecaptainsaid,“Thefirstthingwe’regoingtodoistogetthebrakesfixedonthatstupidfiretruck.”Thatsuggeststhattheydroverightintothemiddleoftheflamesbecauseofuselessbrakesratherbravery.ChNewsReportAustralianWaterspoutScriptAbigtwisterstrucktheSydneytoHobartyachtracelateonWednesday,nearlyknockingouttheteamhighlyfavoredtowin,Nicorette.DisasterstrucktheSwedishmaxiyachtofftheeastcoastofAustralia,tearingitsmainsailandnearlycarryingawayskipperLuddeIngvall.Whenaskedabouthisencounterwiththewaterspout,Ingvalldescribedtheexperienceas“surreal”.Ingvall,aseasonedsailor,saidthathe’sseentwistersbeforebuthadalwaysmanagedtoavoidthem.Thisone,however,seemedtobefollowingthemandtheyhadnochoicebuttogorightthroughthemiddleofit.TheencounterwiththetwisterforcedNicorettetodropintofifteenthplaceovernight.Crewmembervaliantlybattledextremeweatherwhileattemptingtokeeptheyachtocourse.SkipperIngvallreportedthattheteamwasnowinsixthplaceandmakingupgroundwiththeuseofitsbackupmainsail.

36NicorettemanagedtogetbackontrackonThursday,closingthegaponteamIllbruckofGermany,thecurrentleader.ThisfootagefromvideotakenaboardtheNicoretteshowstheterribleconditionstheyexperiencedastheystruggledtostayintherace.Ittookrealteamworktogettheunluckyyachtbackintothisposition.Evenundertheseharshestofconditions,theNicoretteteammanagedtoworktogethertomakeamiraculousrecovery.Buttheteamhasahistoryofsuccessfulteamwork.Lastyear,Nicoretteachievedthesecond-fastestlinehonorsvictoryinthe57-yearhistoryofthe630nauticalmileSydneytoHobartrace.TheonlyyachttosurpassNicorette’stimewasthe60-footDanishNokia,settingtherecordof1day,19hours,48minutes,and2secondsin1999.EarlieronThursday,8ofthe75entrantsdroppedoutoftheraceafteranightofthunderstormactivityandwindsofupto30knots.TeamIllbruckistheoverallwinnersofaraftertwolegsotherace,butthereisstillmoreracetogo.BoatarecurrentlyenroutetoAuckland,NewZealandastheybeginthethirdlegofthearoundtheworldrace.Nicorettestillhasachancetofinishinoneofthetopspotsdespitetheincredibleobstaclethatalmoststoppedthem..Uint4II.BasicListeningPractice6.ScriptM:Doyouseeyourselfasaleaderormoreofateamplayer?W:Well,itdependsonthecircumstances.Iusuallyenjoyworkingaspartofateamandhelpingeveryoneworktogether.Butiftheleadershipisweak,I’mnotafraidtotakeoverinordertoachievethegoalathand.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?7.ScriptW:Goodmorning,IhaveanappointmentwithMr.Daviesat11o’clock.M:Yes,heleftamessageforyousayinghe’sterriblysorrybuthe’sstuckintrafficandisrunning15minuteslate.Pleasetakeaseatandhe’llbehereassoonaspossible.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?Q:Whereistheconversationprobablytakingplace?3.ScriptW:Youdon’thappy.Didyougetthatpromotion?M:No,theybroughtinsomenewguy.I’mnotgoingtohangaroundformuchlonger,Ican’tassureyou.

37Q:Whyisthemanunhappy?4.ScriptW:Mr.Jonesisaself-mademillionaire,andI’mhonoredtohaveworkedforhimforthepastthirtyyearsashisaccountant.M:Hemustbepleasedtohavealoyalandfaithfulemployeesuchasyourself.Q:Whatistrueofthewoman?5.ScriptW:Jane,we’reconsideringyouforthenewofficemanager’sposition.We’vebeenverypleasedwithyourwork.M:Thankyouverymuch.I’vealwaysenjoyedworkinghere,andIwouldwelcomeanopportunityformoreresponsibility.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrue?Keys:1.C2.B3.A4.B5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:You’refired!Joan:Comein,comein.Haveaseat.Ah…uh…Iwantyoutoknowthisisgoingtohurtmemorethanitwillhurtyou.Carl:Yes,ma’am.ButI’mnotquitesurewhatyou’retalkingabout.Joan:You’refired.That’swhatI’mtalkingabout.Carl:Ifindthatsurprising,MissJackson.Afterall,Isoldtwenty-fivepercentmoreofourproductsthananyothersalesperson.Joan:Look,I’mnotheretoargue.You’refired.Understand?Carl:Iunderstandperfectly.Ijustwonderwhat’sgoingtohappentothecontractI’vebeenarranging.Itwouldbeashametoloseit;itcouldmeanalotofourcompany.AndI’mtheonlyonewhoknowsthedetails.Joan:Nooneisindispensable.Justclearoutyourdesk,andthat’stheendofit.DoImakemyselfclear,Mr.Westlake?Carl:Crystalclear—apartfromonesmalldetail.Joan:Andwhat,praytell,isthatdetail?Carl:I’mnotMr.Westlake.I’mCarlSmith.Joan:Wellthen,that’sadifferentkettleoffish,Mr.Smith.Iknowyou’vebeenworkinglatealmosteverynightandcominginonSaturdaystogetworkdone.Thecompanyisveryhappywithyourprogress.Carl:That’sgoodtoknow.IwasbeginningtothinkthatIwasn’tappreciated.

38Joan:You’redoingwell.Wehaveapprovedyourfirstsalaryincrease.Carl:That’sgreat!Thankyou!I’llcertainlytrytoliveuptothetrustyouhavedemonstratedinmewiththisraiseinpay.16.Whyisthemansurprisedatthebeingfired?17.Whatisthesecondreasonmentionedofthemantoobjecttohisbeingfired?18.Whatmistakedidthewomanmake?19.Whatdoyouknowabouttheman’sworkperformance?20.Whatdoesthemanfinallyget?Keys:1C2.B3.D4.A5.AForReference1.Iwantyoutoknowthisisgoingtohurtmemorethanitwillhurtyou.2.That’sgreat!Thankyou!I’llcertainlytrytoliveuptothetrustyouhavedemonstratedinmewiththisraiseinpay.Task2:SOHOScriptThemodernconceptofsmallofficeandhomeoffice,orsmallandhomeoffice,often(S1)shortedtoSOHO,isconcernedwithbusinessthatemployfromonetotenworkers.Also(S2)knownasavirtualbusiness,theSOHOhasnotevolvedbeyondtheideaofan(S3)independentbusinesspersonwhohasafewsupportstallmembers.Business(S4)enterprisesthatarelargeareoftencalledSmallandMedium-sizedEnterprises.Beforethe19thcenturyandthe(S5)spreadoftheindustrialrevolutionaroundtheglobe,(S6)nearlyallofficesweresmallofficesorhomeoffices,withonlyafewexceptions.Mostbusinessesweresmall,and(S7)sowastheamountofpaperworkthatwentwiththeirbusinessactivities.Attheendofthe20thcenturyandthebeginningofthe21st,theterm“SmallorHomeOffice”and(S8)theacronymSOHOhavebeenusedttogreatextentbycompaniesthatsellproductstolargenumberofsmallbusinesswithasmall-sizedoffice.SomeproductsareoftendesignedspecificallyfortheSOHOmarket.(S9)Manybooksarewrittenandsoldspecificallyforthistypeofofficetotellpeoplehowtoequipasmalloffice.Nowadaysmanyconsultants,lawyers,andrealestateagentsinsmallandmedium-sizedtownsoperatefromsuchhomeoffices.

39(S10)Inthefieldofsoftwaredevelopment,engineersoftenhavetowork20hoursormoreatastretch,sotheycanhardlyadapttonormalofficehours.Theyoftenworkinsmallofficestohavemorefreedom.Task3:TheRoleofJobDescriptionsScriptPeoplewhodon’tunderstandwhattheiremployersexpectthemtodomaybeheadedforoneofthemostcommonandyetmostavoidablecareertraps.Ifyourbossdoesn’ttakethetimetoexplainproperlywhatyouareexpectedtodoinyourposition.Thenkeepaskingquestionsuntilyouknowpreciselywhatitis.Don’tlimityourquestionstomatterofeverydayroutine.LeeColby,amanagementconsultantbasedinMinneapolis,offershisadvice.Hesaysyoucanaskmoresignificantquestionslike,“Whatareourdepartmwnt’sgoals?Howdoesmyworkfitinwiththeoverallobjectiveofthecompany?”ThatmethodhelpedLisaJames,anassistantmanageratanelectronicscompany.WhenJameswastransferredtoanewdepartmentsevenyearsago,shefoundherselfnotonlyworkingforthemanagerofqualitycontrol,butassistingthreeothermanagers.Becausethejobwasbothdemandingandill-defined,Jameshadtoputinten-hourdaysaswellastakeworkhome.Toclarifywhatwasexpectedofherandwhatshehopedtogetfromherjobintermsofcareerdepartment,shedraftedalistofgoalsincollaborationwithherprincipalboss.Thelistprovedsowellthoughoutthatherbossuseditasthebasisforherannualperformancereviews.Shortlyafterwards,shewasgivenaraiseforherefficientwork.Ifyourbossisvagueaboutwhatyourgoalsshouldbe,trythistechniquesuggestedbyAtkinSimon,directorofaBoston-basedmanagement-consultingfirm:Readyourpositiondescription,whichmostlargefirmsprovide,andidentifythetwoorthreemostimportanttasksitmentions.Thenmeetwithyourboss,pointoutthetasksyou’vechosenandaskiftheyaccuratelyreflectwhatyourbossconsidersimportant.

4015.Ifyourbossdoesnotdescribeyourjobresponsibilityclearly,whatcanyoudo?16.Whatkindofquestionscanyouaskaboutyourjob?17.WhenJameswastransferredtoanewdepartment,howmanymanagersdidshehavetoworkfor?18.WithwhomdidJamesdraftalistofgoals?5.Howwasherlistofgoalsreceived?Keys:1B2.D3.D4.A5.CForReferenceReadyourpositiondescriptionandidentifythetwoorthreemostimportanttasksitmentions.Thenmeetwithyourboss,pointoutthetasksyou’vechosenandaskiftheyaccuratelyreflectwhatyourbossconsidersimportant.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1I’vegottotalktoMrs.Parker.Susan:ParkerElectronicsSusanspeaking.HowmayIhelpyou?Mrs.Jones:ThisisWilliamJonesofSea-landLimited.I’mcallingfromAustralia.WouldyoupleasetransfermetoHelenParker,extension513?Susan:Pleasehold,Mr.Jones.I’llseeifMrs.Parkeridavailabletotakeyourcall…I’msorry,Mrs.Parkerisoutoftheoffice.Cananyoneelseassistyou?Mrs.Jones:No.I’vegottotalktoMrs.Parker.It’surgent.Whenwillshebeback?Susan:I’mafraidsheisoutforthewholeday.MayItakeamessage?Mrs.Jones:TellherImusttalktoherrightaway.Yourlastshipmentwasdamaged.Susan:Oh,whatapity.Isthereaparticulartimeyouwanthertocallyou?Mrs.Jones:Shecangetintouchwithmeanytimetomorrowat613-2775-2940.

41Susan:Letmerepeatthatback:Mr.JonesofSea-land,613-2775-2940;callassoonaspossibleregardingthedamagedcargo.Youcanbereachedalldaytomorrow.Mrs.Jones:Thesoonerthebetter.Thosemissingpartsareholdingupourproduction.Susan:I’llgiveherthemessage,Mr.Jones.She’llgetbacktoyouassoonasshecan.Mrs.Jones:Thankyou.Good-bye.MODEL2Somethingunexpectedhascomeup.ScriptBob:Hello.Susan:Hello,it’sSusanSmithfromParkerElectronics.Bob:Hi,Sue,Bobhere.Howisitgoing?What’sonyourmindday?Susan:I’mcallingonbehalfofmyboss,Mrs.HelenParker.Shewantssomeofyourinexpensivelate-modelDVDplayer.Bob:Wehaveagoodselectionthatshouldberightupyouralley.Doyousupposewecouldarrangeameeting?Susan:Shewashopingtogettogetherwithyouthisweek,ifpossible.Shewantstogetgoingonthisrightaway.Bob:Letmecheckmyschedule.Yes,I’mfreeasthebreezeonFriday.Susan:Whynotmeetataboutteninthemorningatyouroffice?Bob:Soundgood.Let’sconfirmthat.I’lllookforwardtoseeingherattenonFriday.Susan:I’msureit’llbearewardingmeeting.Thankyou.Good-bye.[Later]Bob:Hello,BobSmithspeaking.Susan:Hello,Bob,thisisSusan.Somethingunexpectedhascomeup.I’mafraidwehavetocancelthemeetingwithyouonFriday.Bob:That’sdisappointing.Shallwemeetsomeothertime?Susan:She’dliketopostponethemeetinguntilMondayafternoon.Wouldthatbeconvenientforyou?Bob:Well,I’vegotafullscheduleonMonday,butI’dbefreeafterfive.Susan:Couldwemakeitfivethirtythen?Bob:Fivethirty’sperfect.I’llseeHelenatfivethirtyonMonday.Susan:Ok.Great!Thanks.Bye.MODEL3It’smuchmorethanjustsatisfactory.Script

42Helen:Youknow,Susan,I’vebeenlookingoverthereviewofyourperformanceinthepastthreemoths.Susan:Iseverythingsatisfactory?Helen:Weshouldsayit’smorethanjustsatisfactory.Accordingtothereviewgivenbyyoursupervisors,youaredoingexcellentworkduringthisinternship.Susan:Thankyou,Helen.Helen:Well,yourattendancerecordisperfect,andyou’reverydiligent.Andontopofallthat,youwentoutofyourwaytobringinnewcustomers.Susan:Ienjoyworkinghere,soItrytodomyverybest.Helen:Well,wonderful!Ourcompanycouldusemorehardworkingemployeeslikeyou.Infact,theboardofdirectorsisunanimousindecidingtoofferyouajob.Susan:I’msogladtohearthat.I’llgraduateinlessthanamonth.BythenIcandevotemoretimetothecompany.I’llworkheartandsoultopromoteitsbusiness.Helen:AndIalsothinkyouarereadytotakeonsomenewresponsibilities.Susan:Whatdoyoumean,Helen?Helen:I’mpromotingyoutoassistantmarketingmanager,butyoumighthavetotravelaroundthecountryatshortnotice.IsthatOKwithyou?Susan:Ofcourse.Thankyou.I’mhonoredthatyouhavesomuchconfidenceinme.Helen:Well,Susan,youdidgreatwork.Yourpromotioniseffectiveimmediately.Susan:Thankyou.Ilookforwardtothenewchallengeofthejob.NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGJenny:Hell,JennyofMokiaMobile.Dick:Hello,thisisDick,yourmobilephonebatterysupplier.Jenny:Hi,Dick.Gladtohearfromyouagain.What’sonyourmind?Dick:We’veproducedanewbatterythatisinexpensive,butpowerful.Itcanlastalongtime.Jenny:We’vealreadygotagoofselection.What’ssospecialaboutyournewproduct?Dick:Well,couldyouarrangeformetomeetyourbossLinda?ThenI’llgointodetails.Jenny:OK,whencanyoucome?Dick:IwashopingtogettogetherwithLindathisweek,ifpossible.Iwanttogetgoingonthisrightaway.Jenny:Letmecheckhertimetable…Yes,she’scompletelyfreeThursdayDick:Whynotmeetataboutteninthemorningatyouroffice?

43Jenny:Soundgood.Letmesayitagain:We’lllookforwardtoseeingyouattenonThursday.Dick:I’msureit’llbearewardingmeeting.Thankyou.Good-bye.[Later]Jenny:Hello.IsDickthere,please?Dick:Hello.Dickspeaking.Jenny:Hi,Dick,thisisJenny.Somethingunexpectedhascomeup.I’mafraidwehavetopostponethemeetingwithyouonThursday.Dick:That’sdisappointing.Whencanwemeet?Jenny:LindahastoputthemeetingoffuntilsometimeonFriday.Willthatsuityou?Dick:I’mafraidIcan’tgoonFriday.I’llbeflyingtoanothercityonbusiness.Jenny:ThencouldyoucomeafterfiveonThursday?Dick:Certainly,Canwemakeitfivethirtythen?Jenny:Fivethirty’sperfect.LindawillbewaitingforyouatfivethirtyonThursday.Dick:Ok.Great!Thanks.Bye.V.Let’sTalkScriptLillian:Mr.Baxter,youhaveworkedinthecompanyforfiveyears,andyoumanageeverythingheresmoothly,likeaclock.Couldyoutellusthesecretofyoursuccessfulcareer?Baxter:Justasthegoldenruleofrealestateislocation,location,location,thegoldenruleofworkisrelationships,relationships,relationships.Unfortunately,manyworkersfocussohardonthejobathandthattheyneverdevelopusefulrelationshipswithpeopleinotherpartsoftheirorganization.Worse,whentheydointeractwithcolleaguesinotherdepartments,theymaynottreatthenwithrespect.Lillian:Couldyougivemoredetails?Baxter:Let’stakeWendyasanexample.Sheswitchedjobsseveralmonthsagointhecompany.Inherfirstposition,asamarketingmanager,shefrequentlyfoundherselfinconflictwiththefinancialdepartmentoverherstaff’sexpenses.Herargumentformorefundsusuallyendedinvain.Theninhernewjobastrainingadministrator,shewantedtolaunchanon-the-jobtrainingproject.Sheneededthefinancialdepartmenttosupportherrequestforabudget.Howdidsheconvincethemthistime?Althoughthefinancialdepartment’sofficeswerelocatedinanothercity,Wendydecidedtovisitthemintheirofficesandtrytoestablishcloser

44relationships.Shebelievedshemustfirstofallunderstandtheirmissionandtheirowntrainingneeds.Thenshefoundanallyinthecompany’schieffinancialofficer,whosawhowhergroupcouldhelpdevelophisstaff.Sothetwoforgedalong-tern=malliance,whichledtoatrainingprogramsosuccessfulthatithassincebeenpickedupbythecompany’sofficesinGermanyandJapan.Winningalliesthroughoutyourorganizationhasanadditionalbenefit.Thesedays,it’sfartooriskytoexpectyourworktospeakforitself.Havingallieswhospeakwellofyouincreasesyourreputationwiththetopmanagement.PositiveStatementsNegativeStatementsThegoldenruleofworkisrelationships.Manyworkersneverdevelopusefulrelationshipswithpeopleinotherpartsoftheirorganization.Worse,theymaynottreatthenwithrespect.Wendyfrequentlyfoundherselfinconflictwiththefinancialdepartmentoverherstaff’sexpenses.Herargumentformorefundsusuallyendedinvain.Sheandthecompany’schieffinancialofficerforgedalong-termalliance,whichledtoatrainingprogramsosuccessfulthatithassincebeenpickedupbythecompany’sofficesinGermanyandJapan.Havingallieswhospeakwellofyouincreasesyourreputationwiththetopmanagement.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:Asmallmisstepcanbecomeabigcareertrap.ScriptGeorgeAdams,amarketresearcherataMidwesternfirm,finallyprintedhismarketingreport.Aftermonthsofresearch,hundredsofsurveys,andseveralboringdrafts,hisreportwascomplete,andjustintime.Hewasgoingawayfortheweekend,andhewantedtorelaxknowinghisreportwasasuccess.Hecarefullyproofreadhisdocumentandthendeliveredcopiestoalltheexecutivesonhisdistributionlist.

45Whenhereturnedtohisdesk,hediscoveredhisboss,thedepartmentmanager,waslivid.Atfirsthedidnotrealizehehadaccidentallygoneoverhishead.Anyway,shehadgivenhimthecontributionlistinthefirstplace.Sohethoughthewasjustfollowingorders.Butthebosswasfuriousthatshehadn’tseenthefinaldocument.ThebossaskedAdamstogetbackthecopies,butitwastoolate.WhenAdamsgottotheCEO’soffice,hewasalreadyreadingthereport.Adamshadfeltfrictionwithhisbossbefore.Shewasoverbearingandtendedtofindfaultwithhisworkafterhe’dbrokenhisbacktomeetdeadlines.Inthisinstance,however,herealizedhehadmadeaseriouserror.Hisbosswasextremelyupset,forhismistakemadeherlookasthoughshewasn’tincontrolofherdepartment.Fromtheboss’spointofview,Adamswasusurpingherauthority.Theresultwassimpleandnatural:Adamslefthisjobsoonafterward.Adams’sstoryillustratesafundamentaltruthabouttheworkplace:small,seeminglyinnocentmisstepscansometimesbecomeabigcareertrap.13.TowhomdidAdamsdelivercopiesofthereport?14.WhatdidAdamsdiscoverafterhedeliveredthecopies?15.WhathappenedwhenthebossaskedAdamstogetbackthecopiesofthereport?16.Accordingtothepassage,whywashisbossextremelyupset?5.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?Keys:1.B2.B3.C4.A5.CTask2:Thebossisangry!ScriptSam:Tellme:Doesthisplacelooklikeanursinghome?Sally:No.Why?Sam:DoIlooklikeamalenurse?Sally:Notatall.Sam:Thenwhydomyemployeesactasthoughthiswereanursinghomeinsteadofaworkplace?Sally:You’reobviouslyupset.What’swrong?Tellme.Sam:You’reright.I’mupsetaboutalotofthings.

46Sally:Canyoutellmewhattheproblemsare?Sam:FirstofallI’mupsetbecausesomanyofthestaffhavebeenshowinguplateforwork.Sally:It’strue.Alotofpeoplehavebeencominginlate.Theyprobablythinkyoudon’tmind.Youknowthere’saprettyrelaxedatmospherehere.Sam:Maybeit’sbecauseIhangoutwithalotofthemoutsidetheoffice.Sally:Theymustseeyoumoreasabuddythanaboss.It’sbecauseyou’resofriendly.Sam:You’reright.Theydon’tviewmeasanauthorityfigureanymore.I’mafraidtheydon’trespectmeasabossSally:Sowhatareyougoingtodoaboutit?Sam:I’mgoingtochange.NomoreMr.NiceGuy.I’mgoingtostartcrackingthewhip.Sally:Whendoyouwantthischangetotakeplace?Sam:Startingtoday,I’mgoingtolaydownthelaw.Fromnowon,everyoneinthecompanymustfollowregulationstothelatter.Sally:I’llpostanoticeassoonaspossible.Whatshoulditsay?Sam:Nomorepunchinginlate.Nomoreclockingoutearly.Nomorecallinginsickwithoutagoofreasonorwithoutadoctor’snote.Sally:Anythingelse?Sam:Nomorepersonalphonecallsore-mailsoncompanytime!Sally:Allright,I’llgetrightonit!Keys:FTFTFTask3:ThreeEnvelopesScriptAfterahigh–levelfiringatSupertech,thetopexecutivesgatheredforlunchtowelcomethenewChiefExecutiveOfficer,CarlMartin,andsaygood-byetothedepartingCEO,DickJackson.LunchwasprettywelloverwhenJacksontookhisreplacementasideandsaid:“Carl,it’sajungleoutthereinthebusinessworld.IfwegraduateofHarvardBusinessSchooldon’tstickupforoneanther,whowill?Nobody,that’swho.”

47Jacksonexplainedthatatraditionthecompany’sCEOshad.ThedepartingCEOleftthreenumberedenvelopesforthenewCEO.HehandedMartinthreeenvelopes.“Openoneifthere’saproblemyoucan’tsolve.”ThingswentsmoothlyforMartinatfirst,butsixmonthslatersalestookadownturn,andhewascatchingalotofheat.Athiswit’send,herememberedtheenvelopes.Hetookfromhisdeskthefirstenvelope.Themessageread,“Blameyourpredecessor.”MartinheldapressconferenceandtactfullylaidtheblameatthefeetofthepreviousCEO.Thepress—andWallStreet—reactedpositively,salespickedup,andtheproblemwassoonbehindhim.Ayearlater,thecompanywasagainexperiencingadipinsales,combinedwithseriousproductproblems.TheCEOopenedthesecondenvelope.Themessageread,“Recognize.”Thishedid,andthecompanyquicklyrebounded.Afterseveralconsecutiveprofitablequarters,thecompanyonceagainfellondifficulttimes.TheCEOwenttohisoffice,closedthedoorandopenedthethirdenvelope.Themeagerread,“Preparethreeenvelopes.”ForReference1.TheygatheredforlunchtowelcomethenewChiefExecutiveOfficer,CarlMartin,andsaygood-byetothedepartingCEO,DickJackson.2.ThedepartingCEOleftthreenumberedenvelopesforthenewCEO3.Themessageread,“Blameyourpredecessor.”So,thenewCEOheldapressconferenceandtactfullylaidtheblameatthefeetofthepreviousCEO.4.Themessageread,“Recognize.”ThenewCEOdidit,andthecompanyquicklyrebounded.5.Themeagersaid,“Preparethreeenvelopes.”ItimpliedthatitwastimeforMartintoleaveandgivethreesimilarenvelopestothenextCEO.NewsReportAWearableTranslatorScriptTheinabilitytocommunicateinaforeignlanguageisaproblemthatmanyinternationaltravelersface.Butnow,aMinnesotacompanyisdevelopingasystemthatwouldmakethisaproblemofthepast.Minneapolis-basedViaisthecompanybehindthe“MobileLanguageTranslationSystem”,orMLTS.Buttheyarenottheonlycompanytrying

48todevelopreal-timecomputertranslation.IBMispromotinganewhigh-speedtexttranslationsystem,andNECisworkingonsoftwarethatprovidesrapidvoicetranslationsfromEnglishtoJapaneseandviceversa.ButViaCEOEdMcConaghaysaysthatthebiggestdifficultyindevelopingMLTShsbeentocombineexistingtechnologywithbidirectionalcapabilityandportablepackaging.[SOUNDBITE]AtranslatordemonstratesjusthowMLTSworks.Thetranslationstakeaboutfivesecondsandarenotalwaysperfect.However,thetexttranslationonthescreencanhelpusersgetthegeneralideaofaconversation.[SOUNDBITE]Inthefuture,MLTSmaybeabletoassistmilitarypersonnelincommunicatingwithforeignlanguagespeakersinthefield.Thissystemmayalsobeofhelptoborderpatrolofficers,airportpersonnel,andlocallawenforcement.Eventually,though,thedevicewillbeavailabletotravelersoranyoneinthegeneralpublicwhowouldliketocommunicatewithaforeignfriend.Uint5II.BasicListeningPractice8.ScriptW:Whydosomepeoplestayinonejobforlifewhileothersswitchjobsfromtimetotime?M:Somepeoplewantafixedroutinesothattheydon’thavetoadapttotnewcircumstancesoverandoveragain,whileothersthinkvarietyisthespiceoflife.Q:Accordingtothedialog,whydosomepeoplesticktoonejobforlife?

499.ScriptM:Kathleen,you’vebeenlateforworksomanytimeslatelythatIhavetowarnyouthatanyrepetitionwillresultinyourdismissal.W:I’msorry.I’lltrymybesttogethereearlierinthefuture.PerhapsIcouldworklatertomakeupthetimeI’velost.Q:Whatdoesthewomansay?3.ScriptM:Mr.Brown,mytimeherehasbeenfrustratingforme.Ihaveabetteropportunitywithanotherfirm,andI’mtakingit.W:Wewon’tbesorrytoseeyouleave,Richard.You’vedoneyourbesttomakeeveryonehereasmiserableasyouare.Q:Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheman’sleaving?4.ScriptW:Mr.Armes,IwantedtotellyouinpersonthatattheendofthismonthI’llbeleavingthecompany.M:Well,Sylvia,wearecertainlygoingtomissyouhere,butIwishyouthebestofluck.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwant?5.ScriptW:Time,Ihatetotellyouthis,butwe’recaughtinabudgetcrunch,andwemustlayyouoff.I’msorry.M:Iunderstand.I’veenjoyedmytimehere,andI’mconfidentIcanfindsomethingelse.Q:Whatistheman’sresponse?Keys:1.B2.D3.A4.C5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:HowtoAvoidBankruptcyManager:Adam!Haveyouanysuggestionsabouthowwecanavoidbankruptcy?Adam:Downsizingwouldcertainlyreduceouroperatingcosts.Youknow,makeusleanandmean,thewayyouhavetobeintoday’smarket.Manager:Wheredoyousuggestwestartmakingthesestaffcuts?Adam:Thelogicalplacetostartwouldbeinadministration.Theyusuallyoverstaffed.Manager:That’snotgoingtogooververywellwithouremployees.Someofthemhavebeenwiththecompanyforyears.Adam:It’spainfulprocess,butthere’snochoice.They’lljusthavetogetusedtotheidea.

50Manager:Wecangivethemafairlydecentseverancepackagewhenthey’refired.Adam:Iknow.AndIthinkthatifwecomputerizetheoffice,wecouldreduceofficestaffbyabout20percentjustbyeliminatingalotofpaperwork.Manager:OK.Ifwelayoff20percentoftheadministrativestaff,willthatbeenoughtogetthecompanybackonitsfeet?Adam:Unfortunatelynot.We’llalsoneedtomakesomecutsintheservicedepartment.Manager:Howcanwedothatandmaintainthelevelofservicethatweofferourpassengers?Adam:Well,we’llhavetoretraintheservicestaffandstreamlineouroperations,sowewon’tneedasmanypeopletorunthingssmoothly.Manager:Well,thisisserious,butIreallydon’tthinkwehaveanyotherchoice.Ifwekeeplosingmoneylikethis,we’llhavetoshuteverythingdown.21.Whatisthedialogmainlyconcernedwith?22.Whatdoesthemanmeanby“makeusleanandmean”?23.Whatisthedifficultyincuttingtheadministrativestaff?24.Whatwillhappenasaresultoffiringtheadministrators?25.Whatdoesthemanthinkwillhappenaftertheycut20percentoftheadministrators?Keys:1B2.D3.A4.C5.CForReference1.Hesuggestsretainingtheservicestaffandstreamingtheiroperations,sotheywon’tneedasmanypeopletorunthingssmoothly.2.Thatisaseriousstep,butshethinkstheyhaven’tanyotherchoice.Iftheykeeplosingmoney,theywillhavetoshuteverythingdown.Task2:AHard-nosedBossScriptMr.Stonewasknownfarandwideasahard-nosedbosswho(S1)watchedhisemployeeslikeahawk.Hewasmakingoneofhisregulartoursofthefactory(S2)whenhespottedayoungmanleaningagainsta(S3)pileofboxesjustoutsidetheforeman’soffice.SinceGeorge,theforeman,wasn’

51taround.Stonestoodofftothesideandwatchedtoseejusthowlingtheyoungmenwouldstand(S4)arounddoingnothing.Theyoungmanyawned,scratchedhishead,lookedathiswatch,andsatonthefloor.Aftertenminutesorsoheyawnedagainand(S5)leanedbackonthepileofboxes.Stonesteppedfromhis(S6)hidingplaceandwalkeduptotheyoungman.“You!”heyelled,“Howmuchdoyoumakeaweek?”Theyoungmanlookedup(S7)indifferently.“Twohundredandfiftydollars,”Hesaid.(S8)Stonerushedintothecashier’soffice,took$250fromthecashbox,andreturned.“Takeit,”hesaid,“andgetout!Don’tletmeseeyouaroundhereagain!”Theyoungmantookthecash,putitinhispocket,andleft.(S9)Seeingtheyoungmanshowednosignofembarrassment,Stonegotfurious.ThenhewentlookingforGeorge.Whenhefoundhim,Stonewasredwithanger.“Thatlazyboyinfrontofyouroffice,”Stonesaid,“Ijustgavehimaweek’spayandfiredhim.What’sthematterwithyou,lettinghimstandaroundasthoughhehasnothingtodo?”“Youmeanthekidintheredshirt?”Georgeasked.“Yes!Thekidintheredshirt!”Georgesaid,“(S10)Hewaswaitingforthe20dollarsweowehimforlunch.Heworksforthecoffeeshoparoundthecorner.”Task3:Layoffscanbepredicted.ScriptInsomecasescompaniesinformtheiremployeesinadvancethatlayoffsarecoming.Inothercases,theycomewithoutwarning:YouarriveontimeforworkonaFriday,butyouaretoldnottocomenextweek.Ouch!Ineithercase,youmaybeabletosensesomebadsignsinadvance.Maybethecompanyhastriedveryhardtoavoidlayoffs;maybeithasbeenpreparingfortheworstforquitesometime.Ifyouthinkaboutthebadomenscarefully,youmightknowasmuchormorethansomeoftheemployeesinmanagerialpositionswithmanagementresponsibilities.Forexample,ifyouworkinsales,youmightknowthatquotashavenotbeenmet.Ifyouworkinfieldengineering,youmightnoticefarfewercustomerinstallations.Ifyourcompany’scompetitors,suppliersorcustomersarelayingoffemployees,it’slikelyyourcompanywilltoo,especiallyifeconomicconditionsareaffectingyourindustry.Checkthe

52layoffstatisticsfromtheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics.SearchtheNetandyourlocalnewspapertooforarticlesconcerninglayoffsinyourindustry.Dothingslikebadsalesalwaysmeanthatlayoffsarecomingtoyourcompany?Notnecessarily.Companieshaveseasonalandeconomicsalesdipsallthetime,andarealwayslookingforwaystoimprovetheirperformance.So,ifyouseeonlyoneortwobadsigns,don’tjumptoahastyconclusion.Butifyouseemore,especiallyalongthelinesofearningswarnings,budgetcuts,hiringfreezes,restructuring,andmassivelayoffsinyourindustry,itmightjustbetimetogetyourresumeuptodateandstartlookingforanewjob.Also,itmighteagoodideatocancelyourvacation,implementmoney-savingmeasures,andbecomemoreusefulonyourjob.Youshouldprepareinadvanceifyouthinkyoumightgettheaxesoon.19.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?20.Accordingtothepassage,whencanonesenselayoffsarecoming?21.Whatismentionedasabadsignforthefieldengineeringdepartment?22.Accordingtothepassage,whatdobadsalessignal?5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasignforyoutoupdateyourresume?Keys:1D2.C3.B4.C5AForReferenceYoumaygetyourresumeuptodateandstartlookingforanewjob.Also,itmighteagoodideatocancelyourvacation,implementmoney-savingmeasures,andbecomemoreusefulonyourjob.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1We’regoingtomissyou.Susan:Excuseme,Helen,doyouhaveaminutetotalk?Helen:Thatquestionalwayscarriessomeweight,Sue.What’sup?Susan:Well,uh…Heregoes…Myuniversitywantsmetogobacktoupdatetheuniversitywebsite.Helen:Sowhat?Youcangobackontheweekend,orintheevening.

53Susan:Butit’salargeproject.SoI’mafraidIhavetoterminatemyworkherebeforemyinternshipisover.IhavetogobacknextThursday.Helen:Oh?Thisisquiteasurprise,Sue.I’msadthatyou’llbeleavingus.Yourunthisplacewithclockworkefficiency,youknow.We’regoingtomissyou.Susan:Ihopethisone-weeknoticewillgiveyoutimetohireandtrainareplacement.Helen:Thanksforthenotices,Sue.Assistantslikeyouareoneinamillion.Iguesswe’dbetterstartlookingassoonaspossible.Susan:Withyourapproval,I’llputoutnoticetodayandscreentheapplicationmyself.Helen:Thatwouldbegreat.Scheduletheminasyouseefit.Oh,Sue,thingscertainlywon’tbethesamewithoutyouaroundhere.Susan:Thankyouforyourkindwords.Ifyouhaveanyproblem,pleasefeelfreetocallme.MODEL2Wehavetoletyougo.ScriptHelen:Tom,thereasonIcalledyouintomyofficeisyourwork.Tom:Really?Helen:Thetruthis..I’mnotsatisfiedwithyourjobperformance.Tom:AreyousureIhaven’tbeendoingagoodjob?Helen:Tom,you’vebeenreprimandedanumberoftimesforbeinglateandforusingcompanytimeforpersonalmatters.What’smore,youusethecompanyphonetotalkwithyourfriendsforhours.Tom:IknowI’vebeenlateacoupleoftimes;mymotorcyclehasbeenbreakingdown.I’mreallysorry.Ipromisetodobetterinthefuture.Helen:I’mafraidit’stoolate.Rightnow,yourtardinessistheleastofmyproblems.Tom:Whatdoyoumean?Helen:Mysecretaryhasproofthatyouhavemisappropriatedcompanyfundsonseveraloccasions.Wewon’tbeprosecuting,butthissimplycan’tbeallowed.Tom::Ididn’tstealanymoney!Yoursecretaryislying!Helen:I’msorry,wehavetoletyougo.Tom:You’refiringme?Youaregivingmemypinkslip?Helen:Exactly.I’msorryithadtoturnoutthisway.Yourterminationiseffectiveimmediately.

54MODEL3I’mtheoneyou’vebeenlookingfor.ScriptHelen:So,Bill,tellmeaboutyourlastjob.Whatkindsofworkdidyoudo?Bill:Marketinvestigation,salespromotion,after-saleservices,riskanalysis,investmentplanning–tonamejustafew.Helen:Whydidyouleave?Bill:Downsizing.Thecompanywasn’tperformingefficiently.It’sbeenoperatingataloss.Sotheonlywayoutwastolayoffredundantemployees.Helen:Whydoyouthinkourcorporationmakesagoodcareermoveforyou?Bill:Myexperienceatthelastcompanyiscompletelytransferabletoyourcompany,sinceyoudealinthesameproducts.Helen:Goon.Bill:What’sevenbetter,yourcorporationisawell-knownmultinational,andit’sworkingtobecomeanindustryleaser.Ilikethat.Helen:Andthatwouldbearealboosttoyourcareer?Bill:Definitely.Mylastemployerdealtwithonlysmallinvestments.Butyourcompanyishandlinglargeprojects.Thatwillhelpmegrowprofessionally.NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGPamela:Excuseme,Mr.Atkin,doyouhaveaminutetospare?Atkin:Thequestionsuggestssomethingserious,Pamela.What’sup?Pamela:Well,uh…Thankyouverymuchforofferingmeapermanentjob.ButnowI’vereceivedanoticeofadmissiontoaMaster’sdegreeprograminmyuniversity.I’mafraidIhavetoleave.Atkin:Oh,whatapity.Youdidanexcellentjobhere,andeveryonelikesyou.Pamela:Ireallyenjoyedworkinghere.Butfurtherstudieswillgivememoreopportunitiestogrowprofessionally.Atkin:Yourskillsinsoftwaredevelopmentarealmostirreplaceablehere.WouldyoustayifIpromoteyoutothedepartmentheadandgiveyouaraiseinpay?Pamela:Thankyouverymuchindeed,andIdoappreciatethegoldenopportunity.ButIreallyneedtoacquiremoreknowledgewhileI’myoung.WithaMaster’sdegreeinmyhands,I’llbemorecompetitiveinthefuture.

55Atkin:Inthatcase,Iwon’tkeepyou,Pamela.IjustwanttotellyouthatI’msadyou’llbeleavingus.Yourunthisplacewithclockworkefficiency,youknow.We’llallmissyoualot.Pamela:Ihopethisone-monthnoticewillgiveyoutimetohireandtrainareplacement.Atkin:Thanksforthenotice,Pamela.Assistantlikeyouarerare.Iguesswe’dbetterstartlookingassoonaspossible.Pamela:Withyourapproval,I’llpostnoticetodayandinterviewapplicantsforyou.Atkin:Thatwouldbegreat.Scheduletheminasyouseefit.Pamela,withoutyou,thingsherewillbedifferent.Pamela:Thankyouforyourkindwords.Ifyouhaveanyproblem,pleasefeelfreecallme.V.Let’sTalkScriptKathy:Well,nowthateverybodyIhere,let’scallthemeetingtoorder.Todaywehavetodiscusstheoperationofoursoftwaredevelopmentdepartment.We’reallawarethatnowadaysmarketcompetitionisbecomingmoreintensethaneverbefore.Ifwewanttokeepourcompetitiveedge,theonlywayistoofferexcellentandconsiderateservicetoourcustomerand,atthesametime,lowerourprices.So,whatI’mthinkingis,maybewecouldoutsourcethesoftwaresideofoutbusinesstoanothercompany.Butwhatimpactwillithaveonourengineers?It’sabigproblem.Mm,I’dbeinterestedtoknowyourthoughts,Warton.Warton:Itotallyagreewithyou.Kathy:Couldyougointomoredetailaboutyouropinion?Warton:Ithinkthatoutsourcingthispartofouroperationtoanothercompanycertainlymakesalotsense.Oursoftwareengineersategettingabittooold,andtheirtechnologyisabitoutofdate.Worsestill,theirsalariesarequitehigh.Manyprofessionalsoftware-designingcompaniesareofferingbetterproductsatlowerrates.Withoutsourcing,wecangivesomeoftheengineersthesack.Jennifer:Sorrytointerruptyou.ComingfromthePRdepartment,Ilookatthisissuefromadifferentperspective.Ithinkweshouldconsiderallsidesofthisissuebeforewemakeadecision.Kathy:Jennifer,I’dbeinterestedtoknotyourviewtoo.

56Jennifer:Ithinkasalargecompanyweshouldconsidernotonlycustomersandprices,butalsoouremployees.Ourworkershavecontributedalottoourcompany.Someofthemevenstartedworkingherewhenourcompanyopened.Ihopewecanfindasolutionthatwon’trequireustolayoffourloyalandtrustemployees.Kathy:I’mverymuchimpressedbywhatyousaid.We’dbettergivethisissuemorecarefulconsideration.KathyMaybewecouldoutsourcethesoftwaresideofoutbusinessto anothercompany.Butwhatimpactwillithaveonourengineers?WartonOursoftwareengineersategettingabittooold,andtheirtechnologyisabitoutofdate.Worsestill,theirsalariesarequitehigh.Manyprofessionalsoftware-designingcompaniesareofferingbetterproductsatlowerrates.Withoutsourcing,wecangivesomeoftheengineersthesack.Jennifer:Ourworkershavecontributedalottoourcompany.Someofthemevenstartedworkinghere whenourcompanyopened.Ihopewecanfindasolutionthatwon’trequireustolayoffourloyalandtrustemployees. KathyWe’dbettergivethisissuemorecarefulconsideration.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:ProblemsofJoblessnessScriptJoblessnesscanleadtoaseriesofproblem,anditisnoteasytosolvethem.Firstofall,beingwithoutajoboftenmeanslackingsocialcontractwithfellowemployees,andlackingapurposeformanyhoursoftheday,.Also,itobviouslyaffectsyourabilitytopaybillsandtopurchasethenecessitiesoflife,Lackofthisabilityisespeciallyseriousforthosewitfamilyobligations,debts,ormedicalcosts,anditisespeciallytrue

57idinacountryliketheUnitedStates,wheretheavailabilityofmedicalinsuranceisoftenlinkedtoholdingajob.Somemaintainthatjoblesspeoplecanrelyonunemploymentinsurance,butthisisnotrue.UnemploymentinsuranceintheU.S.typicallydoesnotevenreplace50percentoftheincomeonereceivedonthejob,andonecannotreceiveitforever.Therefore,theunemployedoftenendupapingwelfareprogramssuchasFoodStamps—oraccumulatingdebt:bothformaldebttobanksandinformaldebttofriendsandrelatives.Someholdthatlow-incomejobsprovidesolutiontojoblessness,butthisisnottrue.Sinceitisdifficultorimpossibletogetunemploymentinsurancebenefitswithouthavingworkedinthepast,job-seekershavetoacceptlow-incomejobs.Thus,unemploymentinsurancekeepsareadysupplyoflow-paidworkers.Tomakethingsworse,manyemployerstakeadvantageofthis.Whentheyresorttosuchmanagementtechniquesaslowwagesandbenefits,aswelladfewchancesforadvancement,theybeartheunemploymentinsuranceoptioninmind.Underincreasingunemploymentpressure,joblesspeoplesufferfromavarietyoffinancial,psychologicalandsocialproblems.Increaseunemploymentencouragesbadhealthandraisesbothcrimeandsuiciderates.17.Whatisthefirstproblemmentionedconcerningjoblessness?18.WhichofthefollowingistrueofAmericanunemploymentinsurance?19.Whydopeopleacceptlow-incomejobs?20.Accordingtothepassage,whatproblemsmightunemploymentcause?21.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?Keys:1.A2.B3.C4.D5.ATask2:BeforethecutbackScriptBarbara:I’vereallygottothinkaboutmyfuture.You’veheardofthecutbacksthemanagement’smaking,right?Alan:Oh,yes.I’veheardit.Butyouhaven’tanythingtobeconcernedabout.Barbara:Aroundhereyouneverknowfromonedaytothenextwhetheryoucankeepyourjob

58.Alan:Comeon,theywon’tletyougo.You’vebeenforsolong.Besides,you’regoodatyourjob.Barbara:Thatmightbe,butIfeelthatI’vereachedtheglassceilinginthiscompany.Alan:Glassceiling?Whatdoyoumeanbythat?Barbara:I’vebeenworkingherefortenyears.Ihaven’tgottenapromotioninthreeyears.IthoughtIshouldbeVicePresidentbynow.IfIwereaman,I’msureIwouldbeVicePresident.Alan:There’snoofficialcompanypolicy,butit’struethattheydon’tpromotewomentomanagementpositionshere.Barbara:Icanseethewritingonthewall.Ithinkit’stimetochangejob,andmaybeevencareers,ifIwanttogetahead.Alan:Changecareer?That’sabigjump.Ifyouchangecareers,whatwillyoudo?Barbara:I’mdoingmarketresearchhere,butIstudiespublicrelationsincollege.I’dliketodoPRforalargemultinationalcompany.Alan:Thatsoundsexciting,andthepaywouldbebetter,too.Yeah,ifIwouldkeepaneyeonthejobpositingontheInternet.Barbara:Soonerorlatersomethinggoodisboundtoturnupinthejobmarket.Keys:TTFFFTask3:CareerTransitionsScriptInJulyof2001,myhusband,aprofessionalintheinformationtechnologyconsultingindustry,losthisjob.Despitemyexperienceasacareercounselorwhohadcounseledhundredsofpeopleaboutcareerchanges,whenthebadnewsfinallyarrived,wewerebothcaughtunprepared.Unpreparedtotellourchildren,unpreparedforthemixofemotionsandmostdramatically,unpreparedforthesuddenlossofroutineinourlives.Therealitywasthatthoughtwebothknewwellhowtofindjobs,wehadneverbeeninthisawkwardunemploymentsituationtogetherbefore.Irememberwatchingmyhusbandsittinginourofficeashepattedhisforeheadandmutteredtohimself,“NowwhatamIsupposedtodo?”Beinglaid-offcreatedawholenewsetofquestionsandchallenge.Weturnedtothebookstoreforassistanceandfoundlotsofbooksaboutjobsearch,

59butnotasinglebookontheday-to-daychallengesyoufacewhenyougetlaid-off.Overtimewelearnedwhattodo.Wediscoveredterrificresources,identifiedshortcuts,andlearnedfromothersgoingthroughthesameprocess.Ispokewithmycolleaguesandclientsandcollectedtheirbesttips.Beforeweknewit,wehadgatheredenoughinterestingmaterialforabookoncareertransitions–thebookweneededbutcouldn’tfindlastJulyNowwewanttosharethisgoldmineofinformationwithyou.ForReference5.Shehadexperienceasacareercounselorwhohadcounseledhundredsofpeopleaboutcareerchanges.Butwhenherhusband’slostjob,theybothwerecaughtunprepared.6.Theywereunpreparedtotellourchildren,unpreparedforthemixofemotionsandmostdramatically,unpreparedforthesuddenlossofroutineinourlives.3.Shesawherhusbandsittinginourofficeashepattedhisforeheadandmutteredtohimself,“NowwhatamIsupposedtodo?”4.Inthebookstoretheyfoundlotsofbooksaboutjobsearch,butnotasinglebookontheday-to-daychallengespeoplefacewhentheygetlaid-off.5.Theyhadgatheredenoughinterestingmaterialforabookoncareertransitions–thebookweneededbutcouldn’tfindlastJulyNewsReportU.S.FordPlantstoBeClosedScriptFordMotorCompanyhasannouncedplanstocloseplantsnscutmorethan35,000jobsaspartofmassiverestricting[SOUNDBITE]Theannouncementdidn’tseemtocomeasasurprisetomanyFordemployees..[SOUNDBITE]FordChiefExecutive,BillFord,Jr.,calledthecutspainful,butnecessarytorescuetheworld’snumbertwocarmakerfromgoingunder.Theplannedcutsinclude22,000jobsintheU.S.andCanada.CertainU.S.models,suchastheCougar,Escort,Villager,andLincolnContinentalwillbediscontinuedduetoplantclosings.Ford,Jr.saidhewouldreceivenosalaryuntilthecompanyrecovered.

60[SOUNDBITE]Ford’srecentfinancialtroublesreflectacompleteturnaroundfromlastyear,whenthecompanyreportedaprofitofmorethan$6billionfortheyear2000.Thecompanywashithardin2001,whentheyspent$3billionduringasafetyrecall.Whennewsoftheplantclosingsandjobcutstheworkers,manyreactedwithemotion.[SOUNDBITE]ChairmanFord,Jr.saysthatrecoverywillbebasedongettingbacktobasicsinproductdevelopmentandonimprovingqualityandproductivity.

61Uint6II.BasicListeningPractice10.ScriptW:What’sthat?Isitatoy?Diditgetchewedbyadog?M:Hey,that’smymascot!MyunclegaveittomewhenIwasfive,andit’sbeenwithmeeversince.Itbroughtmeluckinallmycollegeexams.Ican’tbringmyselftopartwithit.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisluckycharm?11.ScriptW:Wishmeluck;I’vegotajobinterviewthisafternoon.I’mreallynervous.M:Staycalm,bestofluck!I’vegotmyfingercrossedforyou.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayhehascrossedhisfingersforthewoman?3.ScriptW:Ohno!Didyouseethatblackcatwalkrightinfrontofme?That’sunlucky!M:Really?Iguessitdependsonwhereyoucomefrom.Inmyhometownit’stheopposite:It’sluckytoseeablackcatcrossyourpath.Sononeedtoworry!Q:Whatdothemanandthewomanthinkaboutablackcatcrossingtheirpath?4.ScriptM:GuesswhatIdidthismorning?Ismashedmymirror.Agreatwaytostarttheday!W:Ohno,sevenyears’badluck,isn’tit?Q:Whathappenedinthemorning?5.ScriptM:Ican’tbelievethisrain;it’sbeenpouringforhours!WherecanIdrymyumbrella?W:Notinhereplease!It’sunluckytoopenanumbrellaindoors.Youcanputitontheporch.Q:Wheredoesthewomanaskthemandotoopenhisumbrella?Keys:1.C2.C3.A4.D5.B

62III.ListeningInTask1:DavidCopperfieldiscoming.W:MybrotherisgoingtopickupsometickersfortheDavidCopperfieldshow.Youinterestedincomingwithus?M:Idon’tknow.I’vebeencardtricksbefore,andrabbitsfromhats.Ievendotricksmyself—watchmechangethiscoinintoanicecreamcone.W:Veryfunny.DavidCopperfieldistheworld’sgreatestmagician;he’scertainlyworthalook.M:Actually,Ihaveseenhimontelevision.Hepullsoffsomeprettyamazingstunts.IwishIknewhowheperformedhistricks.ThenIcouldalsomakeapersonfloatintheair.Icouldpullarabbitoutofmyhat.Icouldescapefromastraitjacketandhandcuffs—allunderwater.AndIcouldsawawomaninhalf.W:Amagiciannevertellshissecrets.Davidattemptstheimpossibleandnoonehasanyideahowhedoesit.IsawhimonTVwhenhewalkedthroughtheGreatWallofChina.M:Howcouldhedothat?W:Ihavenoidea,butIknowwhatIsaw:Heenteredacanvasshelterononesideofthewall,andhecameoutofacanvasshelterontheotherside.M:yes,burwashealwaysinfullviewofthecamera,ordidtheycuttoacommercialorsomethingelse?W:Notonlywasthecamerarunningallthetime,buthewashookedupaheartmonitor,andyoucouldtrackhisprogressashemovedthroughthewall.M:It’sdifficulttoknowwhattobelieve.Iknowit’snotpossibleforhimtodothat,but…W:Itsoundstomelikeit’sashowworthwatching.M:Countmein.Insteadofanicecreamcone,I’llturnmymoneyintoaticket.26.Whatisthedialogmainlyabout?27.WhichofthefollowingDOESN’Tthemanmention?28.WhatdidDavidCopperfielddoattheGreatWallofChina,accordingtothewoman?29.UnderwhatconditiondidDavidCopperfieldgothroughtheGreatWall?30.Whatdoesthemanfinallydecidetodo?Keys:1C2.B3.A4.D5.C

63ForReference1.Hecouldmakeapersonfloatintheair,pullarabbitoutofhishat,escapefromastraitjacketandhandcuffs—allunderwater,andsawawomaninhalf.2.ShethinksDavisCopperfieldintheworld’sgreatestmagicianandhe’scertainlyworthalook.Task2:Isitreallybadluck?ScriptAreyouworriedbecauseyouhavejustbrokenamirror?Somepeoplebelievethatbreakingamirrorisa(S1)terriblethingtodo.Theysayitwillbringyousevenyearsof(S2)misfortune.Thereasonbehindthisbeliefstemstheoldideathataperson’ssoulisintheir(S3)reflection,sothatifyousmashyourmirror,yousoulwillbe(S4)damagedtoo,doomingyoudoanearlydeath,andnotgivingyouentryto(S5)heaven.Isthereanywaytoreversethisbadluck?Yes—ifyouverycarefully(S6)pickupallthebrokenpiecesofthemirrorandthrowthemintoariverorstream,thenthebadluckwillbe”(S7)washedaway”..Ofallnumber,13isthemostassociatedwithbadluck.(S8)SomepeopleclaimthatthenumberisbadluckbecausethirteenpeoplesatdownfortheLastSupperbeforeJesuswascrucified,andwiththisinmindfewhostswillservedinnerwiththirteenatthetable.AndaccordingtoanancientNorwegiantale,twelvegodshadgatheredforafeastwhenathirteenth,Loke,entered.Afterthemeal,LokekilledBalder,whowasthemostbelovedofallthegods.(S9)Fridaythethirteenthofanymonthisconsideredespeciallybadorunlucky,andFridaythethirteenthofMarchistheworstoftheall.Thenumbersevenalsohassomesuperstitionconnectedtoit.ItissaidthatGodcreatedtheworldinsevendays,andanyassociationwiththenumberisluck.Theseventhsonoftheseventhsonissaidtobetheluckiestofmen,and(S10)Whenpeopletalkaboutthe“seven-yearitch”theymeanthateverysevenyearsapersonundergoesacompletechangeinpersonality.Task3:TheStatusonEasterIsland

64ScriptOneofthegreatestmysteriesonEarthisthestatuesonEasterIsland.TheislandisoneofthemostremoteplacesonEarth,locatedinthesouthernPacificOcean.ItwasalmostuninhabitedwhenitwasdiscoveredonEasterDayin1722byaDutchcaptain,butitiscoveredwithhundredsofgiantstatues,eachweighingseveraltonsandsomestandingmorethan30feettall.Whocarvedthesestatures,andhowandwhyweretheyputthere?Nobodyknowstheanswerforsure,butmanyatetryingtofindout.Therearemanytheoriestoexplainthismystery.Ithasevenbeensuggestedthespacealiensmayhaveplayedaroleregardingthesegiantstatues.AnothertheoryrelatestothefactthatEasterIslandwasinhabitedbyPolynesianseafarers,whotraveledthousandofmilesintheircanoes,guidedbythestars,thecolorofskyandthesun,theshapesofclouds,andthepresenceofbirdsmakingflightsouttoseaseekingfood.ThePolynesiansfirstarrivedontheislandin499A.D.However,theoceancurrentswhichcarriedthemtherewouldmottakethemback.Theyweretrappedand,havingarrivedthere,couldnotleave.ThePolynesiansprobablecaredthestatuesthemselves,perhapsasreligioussymbols.Todate,887statueshavebeendiscoveredontheisland.However,onlyafewstatueswerecarriedintendeddestination.Therestwereabandonedalongtheway.Thestatuesappeartohavebeencarvedoutofthetopedgeofwallsofavolcanoontheisland.Afterastatuewascarved,itmayhavebeenrolledordraggeddowntothebaseofthevolcano.Thenitwasputupright,andropesweretiedaroundit.Usingapulleysystem,thestatuewasmovestoitsintendeddestination.Atitspeak,thepopulationofEaterIslandisbelievedtohavereached11,000.Eventually,theresourcesoftheislandwereexhausted,andthepeopleresortedtocannibalism,eatingoneanother.Workonthestatuesstoppedandthestatueswereknockedover.WhenthefirstEuropeansfinallyarrivedontheisland,mostofthepeopleladdiedout.23.Whenandbywhomwastheislanddiscovered?24.Whoarementionedinthepassageaspossiblebuildersofthestatues?25.WhatistrueofthePolynesiansontheislandaccordingtothepassage?26.Howmanystatueserecarriedtotheirintendeddestination?5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?Keys:1A2.B3.D4.D5B

65ForReferenceTheresourcesoftheislandwereexhausted,andthepeopleresortedtocannibalism,eatingeachother.WhenthefirstEuropeansfinallyarrivedontheisland,mostofthepeopleladdiedout.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1ThisisacustomthatdatesbacktotheancientCelts.Chris:Sue,doyouknowwhypeoplesay,“knockonwood”whentheywanttoavoidbadluck?Susan:Itsoundsabitfunny.AsfarasIknow,ithasalottodowithancientCelticpeople.Theyworshippedtrees.Chris:Soundsinteresting.Susan:Theythoughtstreeswouldsuckdemonsbackintotheground.Chris:Well,whenyouthinkaboutthedeeproots,theirbeliefseemstomakesomesenses.Susan:What’smore,knockingonwoodwasawaytobragwithoutbeingpunished.PeopleoncethoughtthatevilspiritswouldbecomejealousifgoodfortunewaspointedouttothemChris:Uh,yes,goon.Susan:well,byknockingonwoodthreetimes,thenoisecouldfrightenedawaytheevilspirits,andtheycouldn’thavetorobthebraggartofthatgoodfortuneChris:I’mafraidthosewhodon’tknowthissuperstitionmightbefrightenedawayaswell.Susan:Nowhere’satest.Doyouknowhowthecustomofkissingunderthemistletoeoriginated?Chris:Ihaven’ttheslightestidea,butI’mallears.Susan:AgainthisisacustomthatdatesbacktotheancientCelts.Sincetheyworshippedtrees,theyconductedmanyoftheirceremoniesinthewoodsintheshadeoftrees.Chris:NowIsee.Probablyit’sunderthesemistletoetreesthatweddingstookplace.Susan:Iwishyouwerestandingundersomemistletoerightnow.Chris:LuckilyI’mnot.Touchwood.

66MODEL2Isthereanyrelationshipbetweensuperstitionsandreallife?ScriptChris:It’sstrangethatsomanypeoplearesuperstitious.Theremustbesomerelationshipbetweensuperstitionsandreallife.Susan:Youknow,RichardWiseman,aBritishpsychologistresearchedtherelationshipbetweensuperstitionandluck.Chris:Whatdidhefind?Mostpeoplewouldbeinterested.AtleastIwouldSusan:Hepolled,000peopleandfondthatpeoplewhobelievethemselvestobeluckytendtogoforpositivesuperstitions.Theymayweararingasatalismanoroftensay,”touchwood”forgoodluck.Chris:Then,whatabouttheunluckypeople?Doyoumeaniftheythinktheyateunlucky,theytendtobelieveinsuperstitionsabutbadluck.Susan:Yeah.Theyworryalotaboutabrokenmirror,ablackcatrunningacrosstheirpath,andsoon.Chris:Sowhatishispoint?Susan:Hispointisthatpeoplemaketheirownluckbytheirattitudetolife.So,49percentofluckypeopleregularlycrosstheirfingers,comparedto30percentofunluckypeople.Andonly18percentofluckypeopleareanxiousiftheybreakamirror.Chris:So,ourfateislinkedtoourattituderatherthantooursuperstitions.Susan:Ithinkthat’swhatheissuggesting.Chris:Thisresearchseemstoocomplicates.IfIwereapsychologist,Iwouldconductasurveytofindwhether13reallyisanunluckynumber.Ifthereeretrafficaccidentsormurdersonthe13ththanonotherdays,thenwehavetobelieveinsuperstitions.Susan:Whatifthereweren’t?Chris:ThenIwouldn’tbesuperstitious.Susan:Whatabrilliantidea!IneverexpectedyoutobeaswiseasSolomon.Chris:Wellaslongasyoudon’tthinkI’mafool.MODEL3IbelieveETshavevisitedtheearthbefore.ScriptNora:Hey,what’sthispictureofyours?Itlookslikeaflyingsaucer.Chris:Itis.Iwasvisitedbyalienslastweekandthisisapictureoftheirspacecraft.Nora:WhenIlookcloser,itresemblesaliverFrisbee.Chris:Butitcouldhavebeenaliens.IbelieveETshavevisitedtheearthbefore.Whatdoyouthink?

67Nora:Itwouldbehardtobelieveotherwise.Projectslikethepyramidsaredifficulttoexplainaway,giventheleveloftechnologythatwasavailableatthetimeChris:That’sforsure.Theyaremysterious.Nora:Whenyouconsiderallthose“impossibilities,it’stemptingtoinferthatsomehighlyadvancedcivilizationassistedhumansintheirconstruction.Chris:Thinkaboutthis:ifyouwereabductedbyaliensandtakenuptotheirspaceshiporsomething…well…Nora:Whatdoyoumean?Chris:Imean,whowouldbelieveyou?You’dgonutstellingeveryone:“It’strue!Iwasabductedbyaliens!”Nora:Andeveryonewouldthinkyouwerecrazy,orjustmakingupastorytogetattention.Chris:FromwhatIunderstand,sometimesthesepeopledogocrazy,tryingtoconvincepeopleabouttheirexperiences.Nora:Ibelievethatinsomecasestheyofferprettygoodevidence.Chris:So,takeacloserlookatthispicture.Doyoustillthinkit’saFrisbee?NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGSimon:Eliza,doyouknowwhypeoplesay”keepyourfingerscrossed”whentheywanttowishothersluck?Eliza:Itsoundsabitfunny.AsfarasIknow,it’salottodowithanancientChristianbelief.Simon:Uh,goon.Eliza:IntheChristianbelief“makingthesignofthecross”wouldkeepawayevilspiritsandbadluck.Simon:Isee.Whenyouthinkaboutthecross,signofChristianity,thatbeliefseemstomakesomesense.Eliza:That’strue.That’swhychildrenoftencrosstheirfingerswhentheytellasmalllie.Theywanttokeepbadluckaway,ortoavoidbeingpunished.Simon:Soundsinteresting.So,I’llcrossmyfingersforyoubeforeyoutakethefinalexamination.Eliza:Thankyou.Simon:Butthosewhodon’tunderstandthissuperstitionmightbepuzzledEliza:Withinterestingcommunicationsamongnations,moreandmorepeoplecanunderstanditnow.

68V.Let’sTalkScriptThanks,perhaps,tofallingstockmarketsandunrestintheMiddleEast,Britonshavebecomeevenmoresuperstitiousthanusual,accordingtoareportpublishedtoday.“Therehasbeenasignificantincreaseinsuperstitionoverthelastmonth,possibleasaresultofcurrenteconomicandpoliticaluncertainties,”statedDr.DickArmstrong.HelaunchedanInternetSurveyofnationalsuperstition,andfoundittobesurprisinglyhigh,evenamongthosewithascientificbackground.Onlymoreintenofthosesurveyedclaimednottobesuperstitiousatall.ThreeoutoffourpeopleinBritainfeeltheneedtotouchwood,and65%crosstheirfingers.Itisinterestingtonotethatluckypeopleweremuchlesssuperstitiousandtendedtotakeconstructiveactiontoimprovetheirlives.Conversely,superstitiouspeopletendedtoregardthemselvesasamongthelesslucky,worriedaboutlife,hadastrongneedforcontrol,andcouldnottolerateambiguity.Thesurveyalsorevealedsomeunexpectedbeliefs.Forexample,onerespondentcouldnotstayinthebathroomonceatoilethadbeenflushed.Therewasnoevidencethatsuperstitiouseverworked,even,whenpeoplewereinstructedtocarryluckycharmsforaweek.Theydidn’tfeelanyluckierormorestratifiedwiththeirlivesattheendofthatweekthanwhentheystarted.Armstrongattemptedtoexplainthisphenomenon:“Whenstudentsarepreparingforexamswithaluckycharm,theymaytrustthecharm,ratherthandoingsomeextrarevision.”ReasonsfoeMoreSuperstitionsThanks,perhaps,tofallingstockmarkets andunrestintheMiddleEast,BritonshavebecomeevenmoresuperstitiousthanusualWhoaremoresuperstitious?Luckypeopleweremuchlesssuperstitiousandtendedtotakeconstructiveactiontoimprovetheirlives.Conversely,superstitiouspeopletendedtoregardthemselvesasamongthelessluckyDosuperstitionswork?Therewasnoevidencethatsuperstitiouseverworked,even,whenpeoplewereinstructedtocarryluckycharmsforaweek.Theydidn’tfeelanyluckierormorestratifiedExplanationWhenstudentsarepreparingforexamswithaluckycharm,theymaytrustthecharm,ratherthandoingsomeextrarevision.

69VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:HorseshoesasaSignofGoodLuckScriptHorseshoesareatraditionalsignofgoodluck.Mostpeoplebelievethiscomesfromthefactthatthehorseshoeisshapedlikethecrescentmoon,aperiodofprosperityandgoodfortune.OnelegendhasitthattheDevilwasindisguiseandwanderingatlarge,lookingfortrouble.HehappenedtocallonSt.Dunstan,whoeaskilledinshoeinghorses.St.DunstanrecognizedtheDevilandtiedhimtoawallwithonlyhisfeetfreetomove.Hethensettoworkshoeinghimasthoughhewereahorse,butwithsuchroughnesstheDevilcriedoutformercy.St.DunstanstoppedhisworkandreleasedtheDevilaftermakinghimpromisenevertoenterahomeonwhichahorseshoewasfixed.Witchesfearhorses,sotheyarealsoturnedawaybyadoorwithahorseshoemountedonit.Thebigissueregardinghorseshoesiswhethertheyshouldbehungpointsuporpointsdown.Theoriginalsuperstitionwasthatthehorseshoeispointsuptokeeptheluckfrompouringout.Despitethisviewmostbuildingswithhorseshoesintheirsignhangthemtheoppositeway.TheHorseshoeCasinoinLasVegashangsitshorseshoewiththearcontop.Theymaybehopingtheircustomers’luckrunsout,butthisisusuallynotsomethingyouadvertiseinyoursign.Fingerringsmadeofhorseshoenailaresaidtokeepawaybadluck.Also,robbingtwohorseshoestogetherissaidtobringgoodluck.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesthecrescentmoonrepresent?23.WhatdidSt.DunstandototheDevil?24.WhatdidtheDevilpromise?25.Whatisthebigissueconcerningthehorseshoe?26.WhyisthearcofthehorseshoeupatthecasinoinLasVegas?Keys:1.A2.C3.D4.C5.BTask2:Superstitionsorrealbadlucks?ScriptJoan:Passmethatmirror,wouldyou?I’llseeifmymakeupisOK.Dick:OOOPS!!SorryIdroppedit…butisityouormethatgetsthesevenyearsofbadluck?

70Joan:You,Ihope,butprobableneitherofus.Iwonderwherethat“oldwives’tale”originatedanyway.Dick:Thereusedtobealotofsuperstitions:blackcats,ladders,numbers.Myparentandgrandparentsarefullofthem.Joan:Iagree.Peopletodayaremuchmoreeducatedthanbefore.Thesesuperstitionsarejustamusingpiecedofhistoryratherthanbeliefs,don’tyouthinkso?Dick:Perhaps,butsomepeopletodaystillgoforthem.Peoplewhoselivelihoodsdependmoreonluck—likeprofessionalathletes,orfishermen—oftentheyhavesuperstitiousroutines.Joan:It’srue.Ihaveheardofathleteswhowearluckysocksoratreasuredmedaltobringthemgoodfortune.Dick:Andlet’snotforgetluckynumbers.Weallknowaboutthenumber4,6,and8inChina.Joan:Iknow4isdeathand8iswealth,butwhatisthesignificanceof6?Dick:6meansgoodluck.Somepeopleinclude6intheire-mailaddressjustforluck.Joan:Maybewearenotassmartaswethinkweare.Dick:Well,therearemanythingsintheuniversethatwecannotcontrol,andthat’swhypeoplearesuperstitious.Keys:TTFFTTask3:CareerTransitionsScriptTherewasakinginAfricawhohasaclosefriendthathegrewupwith.Thefriendhasahabitoflookingateverysituationinhislifeandsaying,“Thisisgood!”Onedaythekingandhisfriendwereouthunting.Thefriendwouldloadandpreparethegunsfortheking.Thefriendhadapparentlydonesomethingwronginpreparingoneoftheguns,foraftertakingthegunfromhisfriend,thekingfireditandhisthumbwasblownoff.Examiningthesituation,thefriendremarkedasusual,“Thisisgood!”towhichthekingreplied,“No,thisisNOTgood!”andproceededtosendhisfriendtojail.

71Aboutayearlater,thekingwashuntinginanareathatheshouldhaveknowntostayclearof.Cannibalscapturedhimandtookhimtotheirvillage.Theytiedhimtoastakesurroundedbywood.Astheycameneartosetfiretothewood,theynoticedthatthekinghadbutonethumb.Beingsuperstitious,theyneverateanyonethatwaslessthanwhole.Sotheysetthekingfree.Ashereturnedhome,hewasremindedoftheeventthathadtakenhisthumboffandfeltbadlysorryabouthistreatmentofhisfriend.Hewentimmediatelytothejailtospeakwithhisfriend.“Youwereright,”hesaid,“itwasgoodformythumbwasblownoff.”Thenheapologized,“I’mverysorryforsendingyoutojailforsolong.Itwasbadformetodothis.”“No,”hisfriendreplied,“thisisgood!”“Whatdoyoumean,‘thisisgood’?HowcoulditbegoodthatIsentyou,mygoodfriend,tojailforallthistime?”“IfIhadnotbeeninjail,Iwouldhavebeenwithyou—andeaten.!”ForReference1.Hehadahabitoflookingateverysituationinhislifeandsaying,“Thisisgood!”2.Aftertakingthegun,thekingfireditandhisthumbwasblownoff.3.Theysetthekingfree,becausebeingsuperstitious,theyneverateanyonethatwaslessthanwhole4.Hefeltsorryforhisfriendandwenttothejailtoapologizetohim.5.Ifhehadnotbeeninjail,Iwouldhavebeenwithyou—andeaten.NewsReportEgyptianTombsScriptArchaeologisthaveuncoveredtwotombsthatdatebackmorethan2,500yearsinthepartofCairowheretheancientcityofHeliopolisoncestood,accordingtoEgyptianantiquityauthorities.AlthoughthereisamodernsuburbofHeliopolisinCairosoutheastofitsancientnamesake,theoriginalHeliopoliswasknownasacenteroflearningandacademicstudyinancientMediterraneantimes.

72The26-century-oldtombsthatdatebacktotheyears664to625BCweredevelopedduringaroutinearchaeologicalinspectionofanemptyplotoflandintheEinsShamsdistrictofnorthwesternCairo.ThisdistrictcoverspartofthegroundthatusedtobetheancientcityofHeliopolis.Theownerofthelandwasseekingconstructionrightsandbylaw,constructioncannotbeginwithoutapermitcertifyingthatthesitehasnohistoricalsignificance.Thefirstofthetwolimestonetombstobeopenedcontainedasarcophagusandsixteenstatuettes,saidthechiefstatearchaeologistfortheCairo-Gizaarea,ZahiHawass.Hawasssaidinastatementthatthetombswerefoundinadowntownresidentialarea,threemetersbelowtheground.[SOUNDBITE]Hawasswentontogiveamoredetailedaccountoftheimportantfind.[SOUNDBITE]Itappearsthatthetombshavenotbeenraidedbygraverobbers,buttheyhavebeendamagedbyleakingsewagewater.ThefirsttombtobeuncoveredbelongedtoabuildernamedWaja-Hur.Hisnamewasengravedonthestatuettes,whichtheancientEgyptiansplacedintombstoanswerquestionsforthemintheafterlife.Teprocessofrecoveringtheseartifactscanbelongandtedious,butthehistoricalsignificanceofthesepiecesmakesthepainstakingworkworthwhile.[SOUNDBITE]EgyptianarchaeologistsplantoopenthesecondtombonSunday.

73Uint7II.BasicListeningPractice12.ScriptM:Weofferallkindsoftoursandexcursions.DOyouhaveanythingparticularinmind?W:Notreally,we’djustliketoseethelocalsightsandhaveanEnglishspeakingguide.Itwouldbegoodiftheyweresomeonelocaltoo.Myhusbandisinterestedinthelocalstoriesandfolklore.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmentionasoneofherpreferences?2.ScriptM:AreyoujoiningatourgroupwhenyougotoIndonesia?W:No,I’mgoingtobackpackmywayround.Ilikebeingindependentandseeingthingsatmyownpace.Besides,there’smorechanceofmeetinglocalpeoplethatway.I’vejustgottobecareful.Q:whatdosethewomanwant?3.ScriptW:Hey,couldyoubringyourvideocameratothekids’concerttomorrow?I’dlovetocaptureitonfilm.M:Noproblem.I’llburnittoaDVDforyouafterwards,thenyoucanwatchitathome.Q:Howwillthewomanwatchtheconcertlaterintheweek?4.ScriptW:Ican’tfindthattrackIreallylikeanywhere.It’snotonCDsinanyoftheshops,andIreallywantitonaCD.M:Well,let’slookonline.Maybewecandownloadit,thenburnittoaCD.

74Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingtogetthetrack?5.ScriptW:Here’sariddle:Youlovedeep-seafinishinginFlorida,andyou’recrazyaboutskiinginCanada,butyoucan’taffordevenonevacationhome.Whatdoyoudo?M:Ibuyashareintwoholidayhomes,soIownaweekormoreateachplace.Timesharingisthewaymanypeopleaffordseeminglyexpensiveholidays.Q:Whatadvicedoesthemangiveforpeopleunabletoaffordexpensiveholidayhomes?Keys:1.A2.A3.D4.B5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:I’mdoingalotofthingsonthecomputer!ScriptBarbara:Jack,you’resittinginfrontofyourcomputeragain!Theseaandthesandareonlystepsonlyaway.Whyareyouwastingthesebeautifulholidays?Thesummerwillbeoverbeforeyouknowit.Jack:I’mnotwastingtheholidaysasyousay.Thecomputerisagoodthing.OntheInternetyoucangotoanypartoftheworld;Icanseeeverythingintheworld.It’smorerealthanreality.Barbara:But…butyoucan’tspendyourentiresummerwatchingthatscreen.You’llgetabigbottom.Jack:I’mnotjustwatchingthescreen.I’mdoingalotofthings—I’msendinge-mails,I’mlearningthings,I’mchattinginchatrooms…Barbara:Right!ButI’llbetyou’respendingmostofyourtimeplayingcomputergames—atime-wasting,mindlessactivitythatI’llturnyourbrainintoChinesedoufoo.Jack:No,itisn’tasinglemindlesspastime.It’smanyactivities:role-playinggames,arcadegames,adventuregames,strategygames…Barbara:Iunderstandthecomputerisawonderfulthing,butyouhavetobecarefulnottogettoomuchofagoodthing.Everylifeneedssomevarietyinit.Itwouldbealothealthierifyouplayedachessgameoutdoors,inthepark.Jack:Itwouldn’tbethesame.InthosegamesintheparkIcan’tplayagainstthegrandmasterofMoscow,canI?Andtherearecreativegamesinthecomputer,whereIcanlearncityplanningandpsychology.Barbara:Well,whataboutme?Don’tyouthinkI’dlikealittleattention?Jack:Now,Baby,that’snowaytotalk.Afterallthistimetogether,youknowIloveyou.

75Barbara:I’mnotsosureanymore.It’stimeyoumadeachoice.Isitgoingtobemoremeorthecomputer?Jack:Well…1.Wheredoesthisdialogprobablytakeplace?2.Whatdosethemanliketodoaccordingtothedialog?3.Whatdoesthewomanmeanwhenshesaystheman’sbrainwillturnintoChinesedoufoo?4.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutachessgameoutdoors?5.Whatdoesthewomanmeanwhenshesays,“Don’tyouthinkI’dlikealittleattention?”Keys:1.A2.B3.C4.D5.CForReference1.Hesaysthatinthosegamesintheparkhecan’tplayagainstthegrandmasterofMoscow.Andtherearecreativegamesinthecomputer,wherehecanlearncityplanningandpsychology,2.Sheaskshimtomakeachoicebetweenherandthecomputer.Task2:AMagicianandaParrotScriptAmagicianwasworkingonadeluxecruiseshipintheCaribbean.The(S1)audiencewasdifferenteachweek,sothemagiciandidthesame(S2)tricksoverandoveragain.Hefelthecouldcastaspellovertheaudience(S3)wheneverhewantedto.Therewasonlyoneproblem:Thecaptain’s(S4)parrotwatchedeveryshowandbegantounderstandwhatthe(S5)magiciandidineachtrick.Onceheunderstoodthat,hestartedshoutinginthemiddleoftheshow.“Look,it’snotthesame(S6)hat!”“Look,he’shidingtheflowersunderthetable!”“Hey,whyareallthe(S7)cardstheAceofSpades?”(S8)Themagicianwasfurious.Eachtimetheparrotrevealedoneofhissecrets,theaudienceroaredwithlaughter.Theperformanceheintendedtobedarkandmysteriousturnedintoacomedy.Hewasinarage.(S9)Hedreamedofvariouswayshecoulddoawaywiththetroublesomebird.Buthedidn’tdaretotouchit.Itwasthecaptain’sparrotafterall.

76Onefoggynighttheshipcollidedwithanenormousicebergandsank.Themagicianfoundhimselfonapieceofwood,inthemiddleoftheocean,andtheparrotwasbyhisside.(S10)Theystaredateachotherwithhate,butdidnotutteraword.Thiswentonforseveraldays.Afteraweektheparrotfinallysaid,“Okay,Igiveup.ButIhopeyou’lltellmewhattrickyouaregoingtodowiththeboat.”Task3:TheModernCircusScriptThefirstmoderncircuswasstagedinLondonin1768byPhilipAstley,aformerEnglishcavalryofficer,whoperformedasatrickride.BeginningwithavisittoParisin1772,AstleyintroducedthecircusincitiesthroughoutcontinentalEuropeandwasresponsibleforestablishingpermanentcircusesinanumberofEuropeancountriesaswellasinEngland.Acircuswasfirstpresentedin1793attheWinterPalaceinSaintPetersburg.Bytheearly19thcentury,severalpermanently-basedcircuseswerelocatedinlargerEuropeancities.Inaddition,smalltravelingshowsmovedfromtowntotownincoveredwagonsinwhichtheperformerslived.Thetravelingshowswereusuallysimpleaffairs,featuringafiddlerortwo,ajuggler,aropedancer,andafewacrobats.Intheearlycircusessuchperformersgavetheirshowsinopenspacesandtookupacollectionforpay;later,theperformersusedelaborateshows.Intheearlierpartofthe19thcenturyamainfeatureofthepermanentcircusprogramwasthepresentationofgramsthatincludeddisplaysofhorsemanship.Throughoutthe19thcenturythecircusevolvedinprogrammingandmanagement.Initially,trainedhorseandhorsemanshipperformancesdominatedcircuses,butropedancing,juggling,acrobaticacts,wild-animalacts,andclowningwereallintroducedwithinthefirstfewdecades.Theflyingtrapeze,animportantpartofthemoderncircus,wasnotinventeduntil1858,andthestreetparadeandsideshowdidnotbecomestandardcircuseventsuntillaterinthe19thcentury.Tentsarebelievedtohavecomeintouseinthe1820s,butitisuncertainwhethertheyappearedfirstinEuropeorintheUnitedStates.

77Nowadays,theentertainmentactivitiesofferedatacircusaremoreelaborate,generallyconsistingofdisplaysofhorsemanship,exhibitionsbygymnasts,aerialists,wild-animaltrainer,performinganimals,andcomicperformancebyclowns.27.WhatwasPhillipAstleyespeciallygoodat?28.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastrueoftheearlytravelingshows?29.Whatactswerefeaturedinpermanentcircusprogramsintheearly19thcentury?30.Whenwerewild-animalactsintroduced?31.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Keys:1C2.A3.B4.B5.DForReferenceTheyaremoreelaborate,generallyconsistingofdisplaysofhorsemanship,exhibitionsbygymnasts,aerialists,wild-animaltrainer,performinganimals,andcomicperformancebyclownsIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Wouldyouliketodoanything?Amy:Wouldyouliketogotoseeamovietonight,say,TheLordoftheRings?Bill:Thanksforasking,butthere’stoomuchviolenceinthoseblockbusters.Amy:Then,let’sgoroller-skating.Bill:Idon’treallyliketonowthatI’mnotsoyounganymore.Youknow,mykneesacheterribly.Amy:I’msorrytohearthat.Hey,let’sgotoseeacountrysingertonight?Bill:No.I’mnotreallyinthemood.Amy:Well,wouldyouliketodoanything?Bill:Sure,let’sstayhomeandwatchTV.Amy:Isthereanythingworthwatchingtonight?Bill:LetmelookattheTVGuidefirst.Well,Survivor’sonChannel3at7:30.Amy:IfIremembercorrectly,there’sadocumentaryaboutanimalsonanotherchannel.Bill:Yes,onChannel10.Doyouwanttowatchit?Amy:Doyoumindifwewatchit?

78Bill:Well.IreallywantedtowatchtheRocketgametonight.MODEL2Ican’tmakeupmymind!ScriptJohn:Hey!Nora:Hey!John:Iseeyou’rereadingtravelbrochures.Planningaholidaytripsomewhere?Nora:Oncethewarmsup.Igetitchyfeet.Ithinkaboutgoingplaces.John:Willthisbeatripabroadorsomeexcursionclosetohome?Nora:TwotoursareofferedinMay:onetobigAmericancities;onetoEurope.John:Arethesewhirlwindtoursthatallowyouafewhoursineachplace?Nora:Oh,no,no,they’reboththree-weekthree-citytours,withaweekineachcity.John:That’smorelikeit.Youcanlookaroundandnotfeelrushed.Whatcities?Nora:Ican’tmakeupmymind:London,ParisandRomeorNewYork,San…?John:Stopthere.Europe’smoreinteresting.America’sOK,butit’sallthesame.Nora:Youdidn’tletmefinish.SanFranciscoandChicago,amodernmetropolis.John:BigU.S.citiesaresomuchalike.Europeancitiesdifferfromoneanther.Nora:Yeah,like,they’reindifferentcountries.John:Thereareotherdifferencesinlanguages,architecture,food,andcustoms.Nora:Allright.Youconvincedme.Theysayvariety’sthespiceoflife.Variety,hereIcome.MODEL3You’dbettergetmoreexerciseinyourleisuretime.ScriptAmy:Lookatyou!You’refatandflabby.You’dbettergetmoreexerciseinyourleisuretime,oryou’llneverbeGovernorofCalifornia.Bill:That’sright.I’mnoSchwarzenegger,noMr.Universe,sodon’tbugme.Amy:Heshowswhatexercisecando.HeusedtobeaskinnykidfromAustria.Bill:Helikesexercise;Idon’t.Iwasborntired,andI’vebeenrestingeversince.

79Amy:Seeingafinespecimenlikehim,don’tyoufeellikeexercisingvigorouslytostayingoodshape?Bill:WheneverIfeellikeexercising,Iliedownandrestuntilthefeelingpasses.Amy:Ha,ha,veryfunny.Surelyyou’vereadaboutthedangersofobesity.Bill:Scientistsconstantlyfinddangers:smoking,cholesterol.Whatelseisnew?Amy:Youmustknowanexerciselikewalkingbenefitsthemindandbody.Bill:Ido,andIwalkeveryday—frommyofficetotheparkinglot,not-stop.Amy:OK,haveityourway.Eventuallyyou’llbeaburdenonourhealthsystem.Bill:Andjustwhatdoyoumeanbythat?I’mnotsick.Myappetiteisgood.Amy:Ifyoustayfat,hearttroubleorhighbloodpressurecouldhospitalizedyou.Bill:Well,youmayhaveapointthere.Isupposewecouldgoforawalkafterdinner,slowly.NowYourTurnTask1SAMPLEDIALOGQiang:Iseeyou’rereadingtravelbrochures.Planningaholidaytripsomewhere?Li:Oncethewarmsup.Igetitchyfeet.Ithinkaboutgoingplaces.Qiang:Willthisbeatripabroadorsomeexcursionclosetohome?Li:Iprefergoingabroad.We’venevervisitedaforeigncountrybefore.Qiang:Whatcountriesareadvertisedinthebrochure?Li:Twooverseastoursareofferedduringsummervacation.OneistoanearbycountrylikeKoreaorJapan,andtheotheristoEuropeancountries.Qiang:Whichtourdoyouprefer?Li:I’dliketogoandseeKorea.It’sclosetoChinasothatthetourislessexpensive.Qiang:IprefertospendoursavingsontheEuropeantour.Wecanseeverydifferentpeopleandarchitecture,enjoydifferentfood,andappreciatedifferentcustoms.Li:Allright.Youconvinceme.Theysayvariety’sthespiceoflife.Butshallwetakealongtourorawhirlwindtourthatallowusonlyafewhoursineachplace?

80Qiang:Inalongtourwecanlookaroundandnotfeelrushed,butit’stooexpensive.Solet’stakeawhirlwindtour.That’swhatwecanafford.Li:Iagree.Awhirlwindtourallowsustovisitmanyimportantplaceswe’veheardandreadsomuchabout.That’sgoodenoughforus.Qiang:Righton.V.Let’sTalkScriptThenotionofaweeklyrestisancient.ChristianreligionscelebrateadayofrestknownastheSabbath,alsocalledtheLord’sDay.ItisonSunday.Theweekendasaholidayisarathermoderninvention.Beforetheindustrialrevolutionthewagelaborforcewasasmallfractionofthepopulation.ThedayoftheSabbathwasviewedasonededicatedtoGod,notoneofrelaxation.TheearlyindustrialperiodinEuropesawasix-dayworkweekwithonlySundayoff,butsomeworkershadnodaysoffatall.Onlytheworkers’rightsmovementsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturysawafive-dayworkweekintroducedasSaturdaybecameadayofrestandrelaxation.ThismovementbeganinEngland.InmanywaysthishasbeenagreatboontotheeconomyasitleadstoagreatincreaseinconsumerspendingonSaturdaysasrestaurantvisits,motorcarjourneys,ortripstothemoviesbecamecommononSaturday.ManyjurisdictionscontinuedtoenforcestrictLord’sDaylawsonSunday,whichmeantthatmostplacesofrecreation,suchasstoresandtheaters,wereforcedtocloseonthatday.TheseregulationsbegantoweakenintheyearsaftertheSecondWorldWar,andSundayalsobecameadayofrecreationformany.Aftercenturiesofdevelopment,theweekendisnowapartoftheweekusuallylastingtwodaysinwhichmostpaidworkersdonotwork.Thisisatimeforleisureandrecreation,andforreligiousactivities.ChristianreligionscelebrateadayofrestknownastheSabbath,alsocalledtheLord’sDay.ItisonSunday.BeforetheindustrialrevolutionthedayoftheSabbathwasviewedasonededicatedtoGod,notoneofrelaxation.TheearlyindustrialperiodinEuropesawasix-dayworkweekwithonlySundayoff.Onlytheworkers’rightsmovementsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturysawafive-dayworkweekintroducedasSaturdaybecameadayofrestandrelaxation

81InmanywaysthishasbeenagreatboontotheeconomyasitleadstoagreatincreaseinconsumerspendingonSaturdays.AftertheSecondWorldWar,andSundayalsobecameadayofrecreationformany.Theweekendisnowapartoftheweekusuallylastingtwodays inwhichmostpaidworkersdonotwork.Thisisatimeforleisureandrecreation,andforreligiousactivities.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTask1:TheHistoryofChineseAcrobaticsScriptWelcometothemagnificentworldoftheBeijingAcrobats!Heretheimpossibleismadeofpossible,and“daring”onlybeginstodescribetheiramazingperformance.TheBeijingAcrobatsarecomprisedofthefinestacrobatictroupesinChinatodayandhavereceivedacclaimfromcountriesaroundtheworld.AnoutgrowthofGreatChinaCircus,popularduringthe1920’s,thisgroupbecameanintegratedprofessionalacrobaticcompanyin1958.Manyofthemagnificentandsophisticatedfeatsweseetodaywereperformedeveninancienttimes.ThehistoryofChineseacrobaticsisrichintraditionanddatesbackover2,000years.Itbeganwithfolkarts;tumbling,jugglingordinaryhouseholdobjectsandbalancing.Mythandreligionalsoinfluencedtheacrobaticperformingarts.TheLionDanceisBuddhistinorigin.Itwasasymbolforthespiritofrenewalandforavoidingbadluck.ThroughoutthehistoryofChinatheacrobaticartsflourished,butinvaryingdegrees.Originally,courtentertainmentswereformalandmonotonous,quitetheoppositeofthelivelyfolkartsofthepeople.Eventually,however,theexcitementoftheacrobats’amazingfeatscaughtandheldtheattentionoftherulingclass.AcrobaticperformerswereroutinelyinvitedtothecourttoentertainandimpresstheEmperors.Thesevariedactsoftumbling,singing,dancingandjugglingbecameknownas“TheHundredEntertainments”intheHanDynasty,morethan2,000yearsago.Theacrobaticartshavealwaysmaintainedtheirpopularitywiththepeople.Todaytheacrobaticsoffamiliescarryonthishighly-acclaimedtradition.Childrenbegintrainingatayoungagetodohandstandsonachair,balancejar,spinplatesandthrowknives;theysticktoastricttrainingschedulewhichtheyfollowtherestoftheirlives.Nowlet’ssitback,relaxandenjoytheshowsasourperformersrevealtoyoutheirmasteryofanancientartfrom,thousandsofyearsinthemaking!

8227.Wheredoesthisspeechprobablyoccur?28.WhenwastheGreatChinaCircuspopular?29.HowlongisthehistoryofChineseacrobatics?30.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesthelioninaLionDancesymbolize?5.Howlongdoacrobatsreceivestraining?Keys:1D2.A3.C4.B5.DTask2:ExercisetoRelaxScriptWendy:Whataday…awalkonthebeach,bodysurfing,anhourofpumpingiron,followedbyanicelongjog.Maybewecanfinishoffwithalittlebadmintonthisevening.Howard:Groan.Wendy:Sofarthisweek,we’veplayedbeachvolleyball,gonehiking,goneswimming,andriddenmountainbikes.Don’tyoufeelbetterinmindandbodythanwhenwearrivedhere?Howard:Totellthetruth,Iacheallover.Mymusclesarecomplainingthatthey’rebeingmistreated.Wendy:Oh,now,admitit:Thisisthewaytogetthemostoutoflife.ThisishowNatureintendedustolive.I’llbetyou’dbeexercisingevenifIweren’there.Howard:Notachance.WheneverIfeeltheurgetoexercise,Ilieandwaitforthefeelingtopass.Iprefersittingaroundfishingorrestingonacomfortablechairandwatchingthegrassgroworstretchingoutonthebeachwhilethesunslowlysets.Wendy:You’realazylump.Beforelongyou’llbefatandweakandshortofbreath.Ifyouthinkwehadabigworkoutthisweek,justwaittillnextweek.We’regoingrafting,andafterthat,Iwanttogocampingandmountainclimbing.Howard:Knowwhatyouare?You’refitnessfreak.You’rehookedonexercise.Wendy:Well,thatmaybetrue.ButI’llmakeadealwithyou.Ifyoupromisetogocampingwithmenextweek,we’llgotoamoviethisweekend.Howard:Wonderful.JustwhatIwaswaitingtohear.Itsoundslikeagreatchancetorelax.MaybesomedayIcanevenhelpyoubreakfreefromthathorriblefitnesshabit.Wendy:That’llbetheday!

83Keys:FTTFFTask3:HowAmericansUseTheirTimeScriptIfyouwanttoknowwhatAmericansdowhentheyarenotworking,well,theaverageadultspendsalmosttwohoursadayonhouseholdactivitieslikecooking,cleaningandpayingbills.Howdoweknow?TheDepartmentofLaborhasjustreleasedastudyofhowAmericansusetheirtime.Thestudyconfirmedsomethingthatmanypeoplealreadyknew.Womenspendmoretimeonchildcareandhouseworkthanmendo,evenwhenthewomenareemployed.Men,however,spendmoretimeatwork.Menalsospendmoretimeonleisureactivitiesandsports.Theyaveragefivehoursandtwentyminutesaday,halfanhourmorethanwomen.Leisureactivitiesincludethingslikewatchingtelevision,visitingfriendsorexercising.Bothmenandwomenreportedthattheyspentabouthalftheirleisuretimewatchingtelevision.Visitingfriendsandattendingsocialeventswasthenextmostcommonleisureactivityforbothsexes.OlderAmericansspentmoreoftheirleisuretimewatchingTVandreadingthanyoungerpeopledid.Youngerpeoplereportedspendingmoretimewithfriends,usingthecomputerandplayingsports.Inall,19percentofmenand16percentofwomenplaysportsonanygivenday..ForReference1.Theyspendalmosttwohoursadayonhouseholdactivitieslikecooking,cleaningandpayingbills.2.Menspendmoretimeatwork.Menalsospendmoretimeonleisureactivitiesandsports.Theyaveragefivehoursandtwentyminutesaday,halfanhourmorethanwomen

843.Bothmenandwomenreportedthattheyspentabouthalftheirleisuretimewatchingtelevision.Visitingfriendsandattendingsocialeventswasthenextmostcommonleisureactivityforbothsexes.4.Theyspendtimewithfriends,usingthecomputerandplayingsports5.Inall,19percentofmenand16percentofwomenplaysportsonanygivenday..NewsReportLatestSpaceWalkfromSpaceStationScriptAmericanastronautCarlWalzandRussiancosmonautYuriOnufrienkotooktheirfirstspacewalkoutsideofaninternationalspacestationonMonday.Theirmissionwastomoveaconstructioncraneandinstallaradioantennaoutsidethespacestation.Walz,Onufrienko,andAmericanastronautDanielBurschfirstmovedintothespacestationlastmonth.Thiswastheirfirstattemptsincethentoexitthestation.AsBurschmonitoredfromoutside,WalzandOnufrienkoexitedthestation400kmabovethePacificOcean.TheirmaintaskwastomoveaRussian-builtcranefromitstemporaryhomeontheU.S.sideofthespacestationtoapermanenthomeontheRussianside.TheirplanwastouseanothersimilarRussian-builtcranetohelpthemcarryoutthejob.ThegoalwasforbothcranestoeventuallybelocatedontheRussiansideofthespacestation,whichwaslaunchedinSeptember.Thejobwasnotaneasyone,consideringthatthecranetheywereinchargeofmovingisnearly15meterslongwhenfullyextendedandabletomovemorethanthreetonsofequipmentwheninuse.Thetwomenworkedtogethertomaneuverthetwolargecranesintothecorrectpositions.Thecomplicatedjobtookseveralhourstocomplete,buttheirhardworkresultedinthesuccessfulrelocationofthecranetotheRussiansideofthespacestation.Themenwerealsogiventhetaskofinstallingthefirstoffourradioantennasonthelivingquartersofthespacestation.Duringthespacewalk,thetwomencomplainedofacontinualhigh-pitchedbeepingsoundthatdistractedthemastheyfloatedinspace.

85Russianengineersattemptedtofindthecauseofthenoisethemenwerehearinginsidetheirspacesuits,butcouldnotprovideanimmediatesolution.Thethree-mancrewisthefourthcrewtoliveonthespacestationandwillremainonboardthereuntilMay.