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大学英语六级翻译练习-答案北京大学于1898年成立,原名为京师大学堂(theImperialUniversityofPeking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上,它是进步思想的中心,对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天,国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的地位,学校已做出很大努力。此外,学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。OriginallyknownastheImperialUniversityofPeking,PekingUniversitywasestablishedin1898.TheestablishmentoftheUniversitymarkedthebeginningofhighereducationinChina'smodemhistory.InmodemhistoryofChinaitwasacenterforprogressivethoughtandwasinfluentialinthebirthofChina'sNewCultureMovementMayFourthMovementandmanyothersignificantevents.Today,PekingUniversitywasplacedbymarrydomesticuniversityrankingsamongstthetopuniversitiesinChinaTheuniversitylaysemphasisonbothteaching,andscientificresearch.Ithasmadegreateffortstoimprovetheundergraduateandgraduateeducation,andmaintainitsroleasaleadingresearchinstitutionInaddition,theUniversityisespeciallyrenownedforitscampusenvironmentandthebeautyofitstraditionalChinesearchitecture.Passage2中国的民族中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家,中国共有56个民族,总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族,约占全国人口的92%.主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散,主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系,强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。以……而著称benoted/famousfor少数民族ethnicminority;minorityethnicgroup人口密集densepopulation与众不同的特点distinctivecharacter疆域辽阔vastterritory独特的风俗习惯uniqueconvention多民族的国家amultinationalcountry提倡advocate;propose汉族theHanNationality强调highlight;emphasize分布distributeChinaisnotedforitsdensepopulationandvastterritory.Asamultinationalcountry,Chinaishometo56ethnicgroupswithatotalpopulationofaboutl.4billionTheHanNationalityisthemajority,accountingfor92%0fthetotalpopulationwhichdistributesmainlyintheeastandmiddleofChina;whiletheethnicminoritiesdwellextensivelyalloverChinadistributingmainlyinthesouthwest,thenorthwestandthenortheast.Eachoftheminorityethnicgroupshasadistinctivecharacter,longtraditionalcultureanduniqueconventions.Chinesegovernmenthaslongbeenadvocatinganddevelopinganequalandunitedethnicrelationship,highlightingthecommondevelopmentandprosperityofallethnicgroups.Passage3中国桥梁中国的桥梁建设有着悠久的历史中国古代桥梁以木材和石头为主要建筑材料,形式多样,极富特色。中国现存最古老的桥梁为隋代建造的安济桥,位于河北省赵县安济桥又名赵州桥,桥长50.82关,桥宽9米,为国家重点保护的文物(culturalrelic).清朝末年,兰州黄河铁桥建成,标志着中国桥梁建设进入了以钢铁和混凝土(concrete)为主要材料的时期:如今,中国的桥梁建设保持着多项世界记录,中国跻身于世界桥梁建设强国行列.
1桥梁建设bridgeconstruction/building末年lateyears;lastyears:finalyears有着悠久的历史boast/havealonghistory进入了……的时期stepintoaneraof___形式多样varyinforms世界记录worldrecord极富特色behighlydistinct跻身……行列standamong..现存的existing强国giant;powerfulcountry;power国家重点保护的keynationalprotectedChinaboastsalonghistoryinbridgeconstruction.Withwoodandstoneasthemajorbuildingmaterials,Chineseancientbridgesvaryinformsandarehighlydistinct.ConstructedintheSuiDynasty,AnjiBridge,whichislocatedinZhaoCounty,HebeiProvince,istheoldestexistingbridgeinChina.AnjiBridge,alsonamedZhaozhouBridge,isakeynationalprotectedculturalrelicmeasuringalengthof50.82metersandawidthof9meters.InthelateyearsoftheQingDynasty,HuangheIronBridgeinLanzhouwascompleted,symbolizingthatChina'sbridgeconstructionsteppedintoaneraofadoptingsteelandconcreteasthemainmaterialsforbridges.Now,bearingmanyworldrecords,Chinastandsamongworldgiantsinbridgeconstruction.Passage4中国菜中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称,也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久,流派(genre)众多,主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样,调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳,味是菜肴的灵魂:中国饮食文化博大精深,作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜,在海内外享有盛誉。地区region烹饪技巧cookingtechnique民族ethnicgroup丰富多样arichvarietyof…;richandvaried统称generalterm特色菜specialdishes烹饪方式c:ookingstyle强调layemphasison;emphasize代表representative博大精深extensive/broadandprofound气候climate享有盛誉enjoyahighreputation地理geographyChinesecuisineisageneraltermforthevariousfoodsfromdiverseregionsandethnicgroupsofChina.ItalsoreferstocookingstylesoriginatingfromChina.Withalonghistory,Chinesecuisinehasanumberofdifferentgenres,themainrepresentativesofwhichare"EightCuisines".Everycuisineisdistinctivefromoneanotherduetothedifferencesinclimate,geography,history,cookingtechniquesandlifestyle.Chinesecuisinecontainsarichvarietyofseasonings,whichisoneofmainfactorscontributingtodifferentlocalspecialdishes.Chinesecuisinelaysemphasisontheperfectcombinationofcolor,flavor,andtaste,andthesoulofthedishesistaste.Chinesecuisinecultureisextensiveandprofound,andChinesecuisine,oneoftheThreeWorldCuisines,enjoysahighreputationhomeandabroad.Passage5四大发明中国的四大发明包括指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术:它们是中国在人类文明史上占有重要地位的标志之一。第一个指南针产生于战国时期(theWarringStatesPeriod),是利用天然磁石(naturalmagnet)来辨别方向的一种简单仪器。火药发明于隋唐时期,主要应用于军事领域:造纸术于东汉年间由蔡伦改进,使纸成为人们普遍使用的书写材料。印刷术,又称活字印刷术,大大促进了文化的传播:四大发明对世界经济的发展和人类文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献。
2四大发明fourgreatinventions辨别方向identify/recognizedirections造纸术thepaper-makingtechnique仪器device印刷术theprintingtechnique改进develop;improve人类文明史thehistoryofhumancivilization促进promote占有重要地位occupyanimportantposition对……做出巨大的贡献maketremendouscontributionto利用employ;useFourgreatinventionsofChinaincludethecompass,gunpowder,thepaper-makingtechniqueandtheprintingtechnique.TheyareoneofthemarksthatChinaoccupiesanimportantpositioninthehistoryofhumancivilization.ThefirstcompasswasinventedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.Itwasasimpledeviceemployingnaturalmagnetstoidentifydirections.GunpowderwasinventedinSuiandTangDynastiesandwasmainlyusedinmilitaryareas.Thepaper-makingtechniquewasdevelopedbyCaiLunintheEasternHanDynasty,makingpaperacommonlyusedwritingmaterial.Theprintingtechnique,alsocalledmovabletypeprinting,promotedthespreadofculturesignificantly.ThefourgreatinventionsofChinamadetremendouscontributiontothedevelopmentoftheworld'seconomyandtheprogressofthecultureofmankind.Passage6丝绸之路丝绸之路(theSilkRoad)是中国古代最著名的贸易路线:在这条路上运输的商品中,丝绸占很大部分,因此得名“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路起点始于长安,终点远达印度、罗马等国家。丝绸之路从汉代开始形成,到唐代达到鼎盛,骆驼曾是丝绸之路上的主要交通工具。中国的造纸、印刷等伟大发明通过这条路传播到了西方,而佛教(Buddhism)等宗教也被引入中国。丝绸之路不仅仅是古代国际贸易路线,更是连接亚洲、非洲、欧洲的文化桥梁。贸易路线traderoute印刷printing运输transport传播spread远达extendasfaras宗教religion鼎盛reachone'speak引入introduce;import交通工具meansoftransportation连接link;connect造纸paper-making文化桥梁aculturalbridgeTheSilkRoadisthemostwell-knowntraderouteinancientChina.Itgotitsnamebecausesilkcomprisedalargeproportionofcommoditiestransportedalongthisroad.TheSilkRoadstartedatChang'anandextendedasfarascountrieslikeIndiaandRome.TheSilkRoadwasopenedupduringtheHanDynastyandreacheditspeakintheTangDynasty,withcamelsbeingthemajormeansoftransportation.GreatinventionsinChina,suchaspaper-makingandprintingwerespreadtotheWesternworldalongthisroadandreligionslikeBuddhismwerealsointroducedtoChina.TheSilkRoadwasnotonlyanancientinternationaltraderoute,butalsoaculturalbridgelinkingAsiawithAfricaandEurope.Passage7龙是中国人自古以来一直崇拜的神昱动物(deifiedanimal)。在中国的神话传说(folklore)中,龙是多种动物的综合体,拥有多种动物的特长。尽管中国龙是一种现实中并不存在的动物,但它在中国人的心里占据着不可替代的位置。在过去,龙长期被古时的中国人当作能够控制自然界的神。在封建社会,龙是权利和帝王的象征。在现代社会,龙已经成为吉祥物(mascot),象征腾飞、成功、开拓精神和创造。因此在中国人的日常生活中,到处都能看到龙的形象。
3崇拜worship现代社会contemporarysociety综合体combination腾飞takeoff不存在的nonexistent象征signify;symbolize不可替代的irreplaceable开拓精神pioneeringspirit封建社会feudalsocietyDragonhasbeenadeifiedanimalworshippedbyChinesepeoplesinceancienttime.IntheChinesefolkloredragonisacombinationofmanyanimals,whichpossessesthoseanimals'specialskills.Chinesedragonisanonexistentanimalinreality,butithasanirreplaceablepositionintheheartsofChinesepeople.Inthepast,ithadlongbeenregardedbytheancientChinesepeopleasagodwhocouldcontrolthenature.Infeudalsociety,dragonwasthesymbolofpowerandemperor.Incontemporarysociety,thedragonhasbecomeamascot,whichsignifiestakingoff,success,pioneeringspiritandcreation.Thus,theimageofdragoncanbeseeneverywhereineverydaylifeofChinesepeople.Passage8京剧脸谱京剧脸谱(PekingOperaMask),即中国京剧演员脸上的绘画,是用于舞台演出时的化妆艺术。每一种性格特点的人物都有一种固定的样式和颜色。例如,包拯的黑额头上有一个白月牙(crescentmoon)。猴王孙悟空的脸谱是猴脸的形象。同时,脸谱上的各种颜色也有不同的内涵。红色指忠诚勇敢,多为正面角色。黑色代表直爽、刚毅(resoluteness)的性格。白色用于阴险(sinister)、自大的人物。京剧脸谱艺术是广大戏迷非常喜爱的一门艺术,国内外都很流行,已经被公认为中华民族传统文化的标识。样式pattern直爽straightforwardness内涵connotation自大的arrogant忠诚loyalty戏迷PekingOperafan勇敢braveness标识identification正面角色positiverolePekingOperaMask,thepaintingontheChinesePekingOperaperformer'sface,isamake-upartforstageperformances.Eachpersonofacertaincharacterhasafixedpatternandcolor.Forexample,thereisawhitecrescentmoononBaoZheng'sblackforeheadandMonkeyKingSunWukong'smaskisanimageofamonkeyface.Atthesametime,differentcolorsonmasksrepresentdifferentconnotations.Redstandsforloyaltyandbraveness,mostlyusedforpositiveroles.Blackrepresentsacharacterofstraightforwardnessandresoluteness.Whiteisusedforsinisterandarrogantfigures.FavoredbymanyPekingOperafans,theartofPekingOperaMaskisverypopularathomeandabroadandhasbeenwidelyrecognizedasanidentificationofthetraditionalcultureoftheChinesenation.