大学英语考试四级大课堂（十五讲）

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大学英语考试四级大课堂（十五讲）　　上一讲我们了解了四六级写作的一般要求，那么怎样才能达到要求，将自己的水平充分发挥出来，取得写作上的优异成绩呢？今天，我们一起来探讨一下，四六级写作的方法和技巧，研究一下四六级高分作文的模式。一、四六级写作技法和策略1、对应法　　由于四六级写作都是提纲式写作，有时，我们可以采用对应法按照中文提纲分别写成三段。　　如：96年6月份考题：　　提纲：1）有人认为淡水是取之不尽的。（雨水、河水、井水……）2、实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。（人口增加、工业用水增加）3、我们应该怎么办？　　　　　　　　　　　　GlobalShortageofFreshWater　　Generally,peoplethinkthatfreshwaterisinexhaustible.Everyyearthereisenoughrain.Andthereisplentyoffreshwaterintheriversandlakes.What'smore,wehavealotofundergroundwater.　　Actually,freshwaterisinashortsupply.Duetotherapidpopulationincrease,freshwaterconsumptionremainsgreat.Besides,withthedevelopmentofindustry,morewaterisneeded.Moreover,alotofourriversandlakeshavebeensopollutedthatwaterfromthemisundrinkable.　　Wemusttakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblemofwatershortage.First,populationgrowthshouldbesloweddowntoreducefreshwaterdemand.Second,pollutionshouldbecontrolledtopurifyfreshwaterintheriversandlakes.Whatismostimportant,weshouldcherisheverydripofwaterinourdailylife.　　再如：95年1月份试题：　　提纲：1）有人认为钱是幸福之本（sourceofhappiness）　　　　　2）有人认为金钱是万恶之源(rootofevil)　　　　　3）我的看法。　　Somethinkthatmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Oncetheyhavemoney,theywillenjoyeverything.Theycanusethemoneytheyhavetobuy,abeautifulhouseorevenawife.　　Someothersthinkthatmoneyistherootofallevil.Duetothegreedformoney,peoplewilldovariouskindsofevilthings,suchasstealing,robbingorevenmurder.Moneycaneasilychangeakind,honestmanintoacruel,cunningwoe.　　Inmyopinion,bothoftheabove-mentionedviewpointsgotoanextreme.Moneyitselfisneithergoodnorevil.Italldependsonhowwelookatit.Wecannotdenytheimportanceofmoneyinthemodernsociety.Meanwhile,weshouldnotignorethefactthatsomethingcannotbeboughtbymoney,suchasfriendship,trueloveandsoon.　　这两例都是采用了对应写作方式，将提示中的三句分别扩展成三段，三段之间相互衔接，构成一个完整的篇章。2．调整法　　尽管是提纲式写作，提纲所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要内容，却不是文章的结构模式，一般情况下，同学们应根据英语文章的类型，重新安排文章。如上面有关"钱"的一个写作，按照英语的表达习惯，最好是加上一个引子。　　Whatismoney?Tothisquestion,differentpeopleholddifferently.Somethingmoneyisthe

1sourceofhappiness,whilesomeregarditastherootofallevils.AsfarasIamconcerned,theybothhavetheirreasons　　Thosewhoconsidermoneyasthesourceofhappinessarguethatmoneymeansmassivehouse,beautifulclothes,orluxuriouscars,andcanenablethemandtheirfamilieslivecomfortably.Theyevenbelievethatmoneycanbringpower,friendship,andlove.Butduetothetemptationofmoney,therearemanypeoplewhobecomethieves,robbers,ormurderers.Itisalsooutofthegreedformoneythatsomeofficialsforgettheirdutyandcauseenormouslossestothecountry,sosomepeoplethinkthatmoneyistherootofallevilandsuggestthatwekeepawayfrommoney.Infact,moneyismerelyamediumofexchange.Itmaybringyouhappiness;itmayleadyoutoalifeofcrime.Whetheritisgoodorbaddependsonhowitisused.二、首段和尾段的写作　　上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。1．首段的写作　　首段的写作方式一般为：　　运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点　　首段开篇的方式常见的有：1）谚语法　　由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。Asthesayinggoes,"Moneymakesthemarego",buttherearemanythingswecan'tbuywithmoney,suchastimeandtruelove.…2）定义法　　定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。"Practicemakesperfect"isanoldsaying.Ittellsusthatitdoesnotmatterifweareclumsyatdoingsomething.Aslongaswekeepontryingandpracticing,wewilldoagoodjobintheend.3）提问法　　通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。a.Doyouhavemanyfriends?Aretheysimilartoyouordifferentfromyou?Whichkindoffriendsdoyouprefer?b.Whatisagoodstudent?Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.4）概括法　　概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theInternethascomeintomoreandmorehomesandisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinourworkanddailylife.Ithasbecomeamusttous,butatthesametime,Internethasalsobroughtwithitalotofproblems.5）故事法　　故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下面"IsStressaBadThing?"6）引语法

2　　"Justaseatingwithoutlikingharmsthehealth,learningwithoutinterestharmsthememoryandcan'tberetained."FromVinci'swordswecanseehowimportantitistomotivatethestudentsinlanguagelearning.7）调查法　　为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面"IsStressaBadThing?"的1）和"CanSchoolchildrenStartUsingtheInternet?"的4）。8）假设法　　假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。Supposeyouwereofferedtwojobs,oneishighly-paidbutratherdemanding,theotherislessdemanding,butpoorly-paid,whichwouldyouprefer?…9）综合法　　具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。首段示例1：题目：IsStressaBadThing?提纲：1）有人害怕压力2）有人认为压力并不是一件坏事3）我的看法　　"Ican'tstandthepressureandcompetition,"explainedonefriendofminewhenaskedwhyhedecidedtoquithishighly-paidbutdemandingpositioninhiscompanyrecently.Myfriendmayhavehisownreasons,butIdon'tthinkhisdecisioniswiseinreality.　　Itistruethatmyfriend'scaseisnotunique.Inthelastfewyearsquiteanumberofmenandwomenhavechosentodosomethinglesscompetitiveatthecostofacomfortable,easylifeahighly-paidjobcanobtain.Theyareafraidthatthestressesandstrainsofworkwillrobthemofjoyandhappinessanddothemharmbothphysicallyandmentally.Infact,however,stressisn'tthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Unlessitgetsoutofcontrol,acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandchallenge,andtogivepurposeandsignificancetoanotherwisemeaningless,idlelife.Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotentialandtoactualizetheirownpersonalworth-theveryaimofahumanlife.　　Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Whatwecandoistodevelopouradaptiveabilitiestodealwithitratherthantoescapefromit.　　就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：1)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,inthelastfewyears,quiteanumberofyoungpeoplehavechosentoquittheirdemandingbuthighly-paidjobs.Althoughtheymayhavetheirownrespectivereasons,Idon'tthinktheirdecisioniswiseinreality.2)Whichjobdoyouprefer,ahighly-paidbutverycompetitivepositionorapoorly-paidbutalsolessdemandingjob?Youmaychoosethelatterandhaveyourownreasons,butIdon'tthinkthischoiceiswiseenoughwhateverreasons.3)Facedwithahardanddemandingtask,people'sattitudevarieswidely:sometrytoavoiditandothersregarditasachallengetotheirabilities.Infactthechoicewemakebetween"flight"or"fightmakethedifferencebetweenleadersandmediocrities(平庸之辈).　　首段示例2：　　标题：CanSchoolchildrenStartUsingtheInternet?

3　　提纲：1）随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及；　　　　2）网络有其优点但也有缺点；　　　　　3）我的观点　　根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式：1)Nowadays,usingtheInternethasbecomeafashion.ManyparentsbegintoteachtheirchildrentousetheInternet.However,therearediverseopinionsonthis.Somethinkitwise,butIdon'tagreewiththem.2)Today,theInternetisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.Itbeginstoplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinoursocietyandlife.It'ssousefulthatmostadultsarelearninghowtouseit.Whataboutchildren?Ofcoursetheycanstartusingit.3)Today,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theInternetisbeginningtoplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinourlife.MoreandmorepeoplearestartingtousetheInternet,includingschoolchildren.However,IthinkschoolchildrenaretooyoungtostartusingtheInternet.4)Accordingtoarecentsurvey,Internetusersarebecomingyoungerandyounger,andInternetbarshavebecomearesortforschoolchildrenwhologintochatorplaygames.Facedwiththisphenomenon,manypeopleargueformeasurestopreventschoolchildrenfromusingtheInternet,andIthinktheyhavetheirreasons.2．结论段的写作　　结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。　　常见的方式有：1）重述或总结主题　　重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。　　Familiesofferuswarmthandcare.Friendsgiveusstrengthandhorizon.Theybothhelpusunderstandtheworldasitis.Bothofthemarethedearestpartsinourlife.2）提出建议　　Sincepostcardsdousmoreharmandgood,sincewehavemanyotherwaystoconveyourfeelingsandpromoteourfriendship,Ihopeeveryonewilltakeactionsnowtostopusingpostcards.3）概括总结　　Aswecanseefromtheabove,livinginthesuburbwecanstayawayfrompollution,leadaneasyleisuretime,andneedn'tinvesttoomuchmoney,soIpreferlivinginthesuburbtolivinginthecity.4）引用名人名言　　Inparticular,IenjoywhatFrancisBaconsaid"Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability."5)综合法　　与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。尾段示例1：　　如"网络"的结论段可以如下所示：10）Asweallknow,thenextcenturywillbecomeoneoftheInternet.Internetwillbecomemoreandmoreimportantinbothourdailylifeandourwork.SoIsuggestthatschoolchildrenshouldstartusingtheInternet.11）SoIthinkschoolchildrennotonlycanstartusingtheInternet,butalsoshouldstart

4usingitTheyaresuretobenefitalotfromtheinternet.12）Internetcanhelpourchildrenknowtheworld,getusefulinformationandenrichtheirknowledge.SoIthinkschoolchildrencanstartusingtheInternet.13）Inaword(Inconclusion/Insummary/Tosumup/Inshort),theInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinourlifeanditishelpfulforchildren'sgrowthbothphysicallyandmentally.ItisbetterforthemtostartusingtheInternetasearlyaspossible.3．转承语的使用　　根据不同的段落要求，选择适当的转承语1)比较对照　　比较：likeA,B…　　JustasA,B…　　A,similarly/correspondingly,likewise/inthesameway,B…　　对照：Unlike/Contraryto/AsopposedtoA,B…　　A,however/ontheotherhand/incontrast,B..　　A…,B,however/ontheotherhand/incontrast,…2)列举　　First/Second(Next)/Third(Then)/Last(Finally),…　　Thefist/Thesecond/Thethird/Thelast(Thefinal)　　Firstly/Secondly/Thirdly/Last(Finally)　　One/Another/Stillanother/Thelast　　Themostessential/mostimportant/primary/chiefis…3)因果　　asaresult,consequently,therefore,hence,so,becauseofthis,forthesereasons,duetothefactthat4起承转合常用语1）"起"的常用语　　Whenaskedabout/Whenitcomesto/Facedwith…,somepeople　　claim/think/argue/believethat…,but/whileothers…(differently)　　Nowadaysthereismuch/generaldiscussionasto….　　Withthedevelopment/improvement/growthof…,　　Now,itiscommonly/widely/increasinglybelieved/thought/held/acknowledgethat…,　　Accordingtoarecentsurvey/investigation/poll,…　　Haveyoueverthought/wondered…?　　Suppose…　　Asthesayinggoes,…2)"承"的常用语　　Thosewhohold….　　Itistruethat…　　Tobesure..　　First/Firstly…　　Themain/leading/underlying/root/primary/chief/essential….　　"承接上文"的方式与文章的段落结构有关，比较的与列举的不同，与举例的也不同。同学们应根据具体的情况选择适当的承接语。3）"转"的常用语

5　　Itsoundslikeagood(attractive)idea(suggestion),buttheyfailtounderstand(see,noticeThereisprobablyanelementoftruthinthearguments(ideas),buttheyignoreamoreimportant(basic)fact…　　Closerexamination(analysis),however,suggests(shows)thatthisargument(claim,idea)maynotbeborneof(supported)bythefollowingevidence(facts,examples,statistics).　　Close(careful)examination(analysis)ofthesearguments(ideas,suggestions),however,wouldreveal(suggest,prove)howflimsy(不足信的，不严密)(fallacious（靠不住的）,groundless（没有根据的）)theyare.　　Howeverlogical(sound,forcible(有说服力))theseargumentsmaybe,theydon'tmakesense(onlyskimthesurfaceoftheproblem)when…isviewedtheotherway(takenintoconsideration).　　Asopposedto(Contraryto)thewidely(commonly,generally)heldidea(belief,view),newstudies(facts)challenge(failtojustify)theopinion(view).　　Good/Superior/Wonderfulas….,ithasitsowndisadvantages/itbringsitsownproblems.　　Theymayberightabout…,buttheyseemtoneglect/failtomention/takeintoaccount…　　Inallthediscussionanddebateover…,oneimportant/basicfactisignored/overlooked/neglected.　　Itistruethat/Admittedly,butitisunlikely/doesn'tfollow/doesn'tmeanthat…　　Thereisanelementoftruthinthesearguments/statements,buttheyignoreadeeperandmorebasic/essential/importantfact/factor…　　Inmanycases,however,…　　Asfaras..isconcerned,…4)"合"的常用语　　Experience/Evidence/Allthefactssuggest/show/demonstrate/indicatethat…　　Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove/Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wemaysafely　　draw/reach/cometo/arrive/theconclusionthat…　　Inconclusion/Tosumup/Insummary/Inshort/Toconclude….　　Itisimportant/necessary/essentialthateffective/proper/powerfulactions/measure/remediesshouldbetakento…三、四六级作文的谋篇布局　　谋篇布局(1)-将提示的第一句作为文章的第一句-将提示的第三句作为第一段的最后一句-将提示的第二句展开成文章的中心段落-结论段归纳概括，提出建议。　　例证　　标题：CityLifeandSuburbanLife　　提纲：1)最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住　　　　　2）城市生活和近郊生活各有特点　　　　　3）比较起来，我喜欢的是……　　Inrecentyearsmoreandmorehomesarebeingpushedoutwardsastheactivitiesof

6business,governmentandpleasuretendtobeconcentratedinthecentersofthecities.Althoughmostpeoplearereluctanttomovetotheoutskirtsofthecities,Ifeellikelivinginthesuburbs.　　Itistruethatthecitycanprovidemuchconvenienceandentertainment,theveryreasonwhypeoplecan'tbeartopartwithcitylife.Butthecostfortheprivilegeoflivinginthecityisalsohigh.What'smore,thereismoregasandnoisepollutioninthecity,whichisfullofpetrolfumesandtoxicgases,tornbytheroarofbusesandtaxies,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.Incontrast,livingnearthecountrysideonecanenjoythecleanatmosphere,theclosenesstonatureandthequiet,peacefulsurroundings---theessentialsofahealthylife.Althoughlivinginthesuburbsonemaysufferalittlediscomfortbroughtaboutbythenecessityoftravelingmilestoworkeveryday,itmeansnearlynothingwhenthinkingofthehighcostandheavilypollutedenvironmentofthecity.　　Thenewsuburbanlifeisfastbecomingapredominantpatternoflivinginmostcities;andwiththeimprovementoftrafficandtheperfectionofservices,itwillprovetoholdgreatsuperiorityovercitylife.　　谋篇布局（2）-根据话题加引段，于段尾提出自己的观点（也就是提示中的第三句要求内容）-将提示的第一句和第二句写成文章的中心段落-根据文章的叙述重点，总结全文，提出方法等。　　例证　　标题：MyViewonCollegeStudents'Part-timeJobs　　提纲：1）有人认为大学生做兼职工作很有好处；　　　　　2）然而，有人认为大学生做兼职工作弊多利少；　　　　　3）我的看法　　Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofcollegestudentsaredoingpart-timejobs.Peopleholddifferentopinionsonthat.　　Somepeoplethinkthattherearemanyadvantagesforcollegestudentstohavepart-timejobs.Firstly,part-timejobsofferthemopportunitiestoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinschoolanddemonstratetheirabilities.Secondly,itenablesthemtobemoreindependentoftheirfamilyandbuildsuptheirself-confidence.Thirdly,part-timeexperiencesmaybeofgreathelptotheirfuturecareers.Finally,part-timejobscanbroadentheircollegelivesandhelpthemknowmoreofthemselvesandsociety.　　However,someotherpeopleholdthatdoingpart-timejobshasmoredisadvantages.Themainjobofcollegestudentsistostudy,nottowork.Iftheyhavepart-timejobs,theymayhavetoreducetheirtimeforsleep,rest,studyandactivities.Workingseveralhoursadayconsumesalotoftimeandenergyandmayaffecttheirstudies.Asaresult,theymayfindithardtoadjusttowhatthecollegeexpectsofthemaswellastheiremployersexpect,andfinally,theymayfallbehindorfailintheirstudies.　　Inmyopinion,studentscanchoosetotakeupapart-timejobaccordingtotheirownsituation.Themostimportantthingforthemistokeepagoodbalancebetweenpart-timejobsandhisstudy.　　谋篇布局（3）-将提示的第一句和第二句合为第一段，于段尾提出自己的观点；-说明自己的理由；-结论段总结全文

7　　例文　　标题：HowtoAchieveSuccess　　提纲：1）有人说成功主要靠运气；　　　　　2）有人则认为成功主要靠勤奋，与运气毫无关系;　　　　　3）我的观点　　Somepeoplesaythekeytosuccessistheluck,whileothersclaimitishardwork.AsfarasIamconcerned,therearemanyfactorscontributingtosuccessandthethreefundamentalonesarediligence,devotionandperseverance.　　Diligenceisthefirstkeyfactortosuccess.Diligencehelpsusremoveignorance,overcomedifficulties,andenlightenourminds.Itmakesafoolwise,andapoormanrich.Devotionisanotherfactortosuccess.Whateverwedo,wemustloveitanddoitwhole-heartedly.Onlywhenwesetourmindsonthejob,canwedoitwell.Furthermore,perseverance,orastrongwill,isthelastkeytosuccess.Withoutastrongwill,wearelikelytogiveupwhenwemeetsomedifficulties,letaloneperformwonderfuldeeds.　　Toconclude,allgreatmenachievesuccessthroughdiligence,devotionandperseverance.Justasthefamoussayinggoes,"Nopains,nogains","Wherethereisawill,thereisaway."　　谋篇布局（4）　　将提示中的第一句做为第一段主题句，然后拓展开　　将提示的第二句做为第二段的主题句，拓展说明　　将提示的第三句拓展成第三段，但注意与上面两段的照应，使其有总揽全文的作用　　例文　　标题：OnHousingReform　　提示：1）旧房屋政策的弊端；　　　　　2）房改带来的好处；　　　　　3）我怎么办？　　Theoldhouse-allottingpolicyhadatleasttwodisadvantages.First,thegovernmentspentalotofmoneybuildingsomehouses,butthesehouseswereallottedtopeoplefreeofcharge.Thus,thegovernmentwouldhavenomoneytobuildmorehousesforpeoplewhobadlyneededthem.Second,thepersonswhowereinpowercouldgetmorehousesthanthosewhowerepowerless.Thiswasquiteunfair.　　Onthecontrary,thenewsystemofhouseallotmentmaybringaboutmanynewthings.Forexample,thegovernmentwillhavemoremoneywhichcanbeusedinhouseconstruction.So,thehousingindustrycandevelopmorequickly.Besides,becausehouseswillbesoldtopeople,thechancestheygetwillbeequal.　　WhenIenterthesociety,Iwouldgetaloanfromthebanktobuymyownhouse.Then,Iwouldtrytopaybacktheloanintheshortesttimepossible.Afterthat,Iwouldproudlyclaim:"Now,Iamthemasterofthathouse."　　谋篇布局（5）　　将提示中的第一句作为文章的第一段，并提主题；　　举例说明自己的观点；　　结论重述主题　　例文

8　　标题：OnPunctuality　　提示：　　1）准时在现代生活中仍然很重要；　　2）试举例说明　　Inourmodernlife,punctualityisoneofthemostimportantqualitiesthatanypersonshouldpossess.Punctualitydemonstratesthatyouarereliableandcanbetrustedwithresponsibilities.Besides,itcanmakeapersonagoodman.Andifyouarenotpunctual,youmayinjureothers.Weshouldpracticepunctualityforthesakeofothers,aswellasourselves.Hewhoispunctualwillaccomplishfarmoreinadaythanhewhoisnotso.Washingtonwasremarkableforthisvirtue.Hismotherhadtaughthim,whenaboy,orhavecertainhoursforeveryemployment,andtodoeverythingattheappointedtime.Thishabithelped,inhislaterlife,tomakehimagoodman.Withoutit,hecouldneverhavemadesuchsuccess.　　Neglectofpunctualitymayinjurebothtoothersandtooneself.Anapplicantmaybeturnedawayjustforthesakeofbeinglatefortheinterview.Studentscominglateforclasswillundoubtedlyinterrupttheteacher.Therefore,weoughtnevertosay"Itisonlyonce---Iwillnotdosoagain"toexcuseourselves;otherwisewewillbetardierandwewillfailinoursociety.　　Inaword,ifweformthehabitofpunctualityatschool,itwillbeofgreatadvantagetousinourfuturelife.四、参考范文1．WhyCollegeStudentsTakeaPart-timeJoba.最近几年越来越多的大学生加入打工的队伍b.为什么大学生打工c.大学生打工的意义　　Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about25percentofChinesecollegestudentsnowholdapart-timeortemporaryjob,comparedwithnearlynone10yearsago,andthisfigureincreasesto72percentduringsummervacations.Collegestudentsareworkingastutors,salespersons,engineersanddoingwhateverworktheycanfind.　　Whydotheywantoddjobs---jobsusuallyrequiringlittleskillandknowledge?Theprimaryreason,Ithink,ismoney.Feelingthefinancialpressureasbooks,moviesandbusfareshaveallgoneupinprice,thereisscarcelyayoungboyorgirlwhodoesnotwanttoearnalittlemoneytohelpcovertheincreasinglyhighercollegecosts,andatbestsaveenoughtogotravelingorbuythingstheyhavelongdesired.Inthiswaytheyhopetobeeconomicallyindependentandavoidtheindignityofhavingtoaskformoneyagainandagain.Besidestheywanttogainsomeexperienceinthewaysofsociety.Studentsgrowingupfromnurseryschooltocollegeonlyknowaboutbooksandhavetroubledealingwithrealities.Workingonapart-timebasiscanprovidethemwitharareopportunitytoknowtheoutsideworldandpreparethemforafuturecareer.　　Thesignificanceforcollegestudentsofdoingapart-timejobmeansmorethanmoneyandexperience.Itwillbroadentheiroutlookandexertaprofoundinfluenceontheirpersonalityandlife.2.TheJobIlikeBesta.我最喜欢的工作是……b.我为什么要选择这个工作

9c.结论　　InthepastthreeyearsofmycollegelifeIhaveneverceasedtothinkwhatkindofworkIshalltakeupupongraduation.Althoughmyideasarenotconsistent,Ihavenowdecidedonacollegeteacherasmylifelongcareer.　　Avarietyofreasonshaveledmetochoosethisoccupationoverothermorelucrativeones.　　First,teachingislearning.Tomakemylecturesmoreconstructiveandstimulating,Ihavetoreadmorebooks,explorenewknowledgeandgainabetterunderstandingoftheworld---theverythingIenjoyinmylife.Second,teachingmeansfreedomandindependence.Asateacher,I'mfreetousemyownideasandmakemyowndecisions,aprivilegenoteveryonecanhave,eventhosewithhighly-paidpositions.Finally,Iliketeachingbecauseitoffersacertainpeaceofmind.Nomorerushingtocatchamorningbus,nomoreanxietytopleaseaboss,nomoreworriesaboutyourpaycheckwhichissteady,ifnothandsome.　　Nothing,notevenabigsalary,canequalfortheopportunitytocontinuelearning,thesatisfactionofbeingyourownboss,andagentlepeaceoflife.(归纳全文，强化全文的中心论点)3.HowtoSolvetheEnergyProblema.有人认为解决能源危机的方式是厉行节约b.有人则认为开发新的能源是最好的办法c.我的看法　　Whenaskedaboutoneofthebiggestproblemstoday,manypeoplesaythatanenergycrisisisapproachingandisthreateningmankind'ssurvival.Theyareafraidthattheworldislikelytorunoutofoilandmetalsandtorunshortoffoodinthenearfuture.　　Tothisproblem,mostcountriesrespondwiththedemandformorerigidconservationofournaturalresources.Indeed,thisisurgentlyneeded,forthepresentwasteofenergyinindustrialandpersonalconsumptionissoseriousthatithasbecomehabitualandtraditional.Ifthenaturalresourcesareusedeconomically,wecancertainlyslowdownthepresentdrainonthelimitedenergysupply.However,conservationaloneisnottheanswer.Itisobviousthatevenifwecansavemuchenergy,wecanonlydelaytheenergycrisis,butcannotsolvetheproblemcompletely.Howeverabundantcertainnaturalresourcesmaybe,theycannotreproducethemselvesandareboundtobeusedupultimately.Sointhelongrun,wemustdevelopnewsourcesofenergyinsteadofmerelyconservingtheknown,limitedsupplies.　　Manishighlyadaptableandcreative,andsinceheisabletotapsuchresourcesasoilandmetal,whycan'thedevelopandharnesssolarenergy,nuclearenergyandotherunknownenergyresources?4.TheInterneta.什么是英特网b.英特网的作用c.英特网对社会的影响　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　TheInternet　　Thelaterpartofthe1990sfindstheworlds"theInternet"becomefashionableinpeople'sdailylife.TheInternetisanetworkofthousandsofnetworks,linkingschools,universities,businesses,governmentagencies,librariesandmillionsofindividuals.　　Somethinglike"informationsuperhighways",theinternetcanbringmanyconveniencesintotheschool,homeandoffice.Collegestudentscancheckthecardcatalogueof

10LibraryofCongressintheUnitedStatestofinishtheirpapers.Housewivescandoshoppingandpaybillswithoutleavingtheirhomes.Businessmencansignacontractandlandanorderthroughelectronicmedia.Patientscanreachtheworld'sleadingauthoritiesandexpertsonthediseasetheymaysufferfrom.menandwomencanhaveaconversationwithpeopleallovertheworldbysendingandreceivingelectronicmail.Withabasiccomputerandmodemanyindividualcancallupinformationaboutalmostanythingfromalmostanywhereandalmostanytime.　　TheInternetexertssuchaprofoundeffectonourlifethatitrevolutionizesthewayofpeople'slivingandthinking.5.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofHomeComputersa.家用电脑的普及b．家用电脑的好处c．家用电脑带来的问题　　Justafewyearsago,theideaofhavingacomputerinone'shomeseemedfar-fetchedformostChinese.Now,however,withtheadventandpopularityofthehomecomputer,itsadvantagesanddisadvantageshavebeenasubjectofdiscussion.　　ThereisnodoubtthatlikeTV,computersbenefitpeoplehugely.Withthecomputer,thehomewillbecomealibrary,aschool,anofficeandanentertainmentcenter.Alltransactions,frombankingtoshopping,willbeperformedelectronicallyandallinformation,formtrainschedulestodiscountpricegoods,willbeascloseasthepressofakey.Inadditiontoprovidingusmanyofthefacilitiesandserviceswenowmusttraveltoobtain,withtheInternet,thecomputerwillevenletuscommunicatedirectlywithotherhomesandwithinformationsourcesworldwide.Despitetheincreaseinefficiencyandconveniencegeneratedbythecomputer,thechangesitbringscouldverywellleadtopotentiallyadverseconsequences.Forexample,asnearlyallactivitiescouldbeconductedinthecomfortofourhomes,wecouldallbecomehermitlike,neverfeelinganyneedtoleavethehouse.Thiswouldbeunfortunatebecauseourchildrenespeciallywillbecomesoaddictedtocomputersthattheymightneverbeexposedtoeitherpeerpressureorsocialinteraction.Unquestionably,thechallengeofthehomecomputermeansweallshouldconsiderhowwecancontrolit,sothatitwon'tcontrolus.6.ShouldEuthanasiaBeLegalizeda.有人赞成实行安乐死b.有人反对安乐死合法化c.我的看法　　Euthanasia,aquiteandeasydeath,or"mercykilling"aswecallitrecentlyhasmadetheheadlinesfrequently.Manypeopleapplauditandarguethateuthanasiashouldbelegalized.Asispointedout,topractiseeuthanasiacanbenefitboththepatientandhisfamily.Toaterminallyillpersonwhoissufferingexcruciatingpainsdayandnightorliving"likeavegetable",tobeallowedtoendhislifepainlesslyisagoodrelease.Tohisfamilyitisalsoabigreliefconsideringthefinancialandemotionaldrainonthemthathavingtosustainhislifeentails.However,thelegalizationofeuthanasiamayalsobringwithitproblemsoursocietyhasnotpreviouslyfaced.Isithumane,forexample,thataterminallyillpatientisthuscausedtofeelguiltyforremainingalivebecausehedoesnotwanttodie?Isitwisethatapatientiskilledalivesimplybecauseofamistakenterminaldiagnosis?Andisitpossiblethateuthanasiacouldbetakenadvantageofforsomeulteriororevencriminalpurposes?

11　　Sincethelegalizationofeuthanasiawillraiseserousmoralandsocialissues,thedecisionoursocietymakesabouteuthanasiawillundoubtedlyhavetremendousconsequencesinsociety.　　同学们，写作能力的培养非一朝一夕的事情，不只是掌握一些固定的模式，一些常用的句式，背几篇范文就能解决的问题。但是，在临考之际，我就我所能给同学们归纳出了四六级写作的一些规律，和常用策略，希望能给同学们一些启示，一些帮助。祝同学们考个好成绩。