(2000-2010)英语四级听力原文

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(2000-2010)英语四级听力原文2010年6月四级第一部分 听力 　　Shortconversations　　11.W:Justimaginewehavetofinishreading300pagesbeforeMonday,howcantheprofessorexpectustodoitinsuchashorttime?　　M:Yeah,butwhattroublesmeisthatIcan'tfindthebookinthelibraryorintheuniversitybookstore.　　Q:whatdoesthemanmean?　　12.M:DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourcartogogroceryshopping?Thesupermarketsoutsidethecityaresomuchcheaper.I'dalsobehappytopickupanythingyouneed.　　W:Wow,Idon'tliketoletanyoneelsetodrivemycar.Tellyouwhat,whydon'twegotogether?　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?　　13.M:Forgivethemessinhere.Wehadapartylastnight.Therewerealotofpeopleandtheyallbroughtfood.　　W:Yeah,Icantell.Well,Iguessit'sprettyobviouswhatyou'llbedoingmostoftoday.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanwilldo？　　14.W:WhattimewouldsuityouforthefirstroundtalkswithJohnSmith?

1　　M:Well,youknowmyschedule.OtherthanthisFriday,onedayisasgoodasthenext.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　15.W:Iwassoangryyesterday.MybiologyteacherdidnotevenletmeexplainwhyImissedthefieldtrip.Hejustwouldn'tletmepass.　　M:Thatdoesn'tseemfair.I'dfeelthatwaytooifIwereyou.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?　　16.M:Ireallycan'tstandthewayDavidcontrolstheconversationallthetime.Ifhe'sgoingtobeatyourChristmasparty,Ijustwon'tcome.　　W:I'msorryyoufeelthatway.Butmymotherinsiststhathecome.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?　　17.W:You'retakingacoursewithProfessorJohnson.What'syourimpressionsofar?　　M:Well,manystudentscanhardlystayawakeinhisclasswithoutfirstdrinkingacupofcoffee.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?　　18.W:Haveyoueverputacomputertogetherbefore?　　M:No,never.ButIthinkifwefollowtheseinstructions

2exactly,wewon'thavemuchtrouble.　　Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?长对话原文第一篇：　　W:Whatsortofhoursdoyouwork,Steve?　　M:Oh,Ihavetoworkverylonghours,about11hoursaday.　　W:Whattimedoyoustart?　　M:Iwork9to3.ThenIstartagainat5:30andworkuntil11.Sixdaysaweek.SoIhavetoworkveryunsocialhours.　　W:Anddoyouhavetoworkattheweekend?　　M:Oh,yes,that'sourbusiesttime.IgetWednesdaysoff.　　W:Whatarethethingsyouhavetodo,andthethingsyoudon'thavetodo?　　M:Eh,Idon'thavetodothewashing-up,sothat'sgood.IhavetowearwhiteandIhavetokeepeverythinginthekitchentotallyclean.　　W:What'shardaboutthejob?　　M:You'restandingupallthetime.Whenwe'rebusy,peoplegetangryandsharp.Butthat'snormal.　　W:Howdidyoulearntheprofession?　　M:Well,Ididatwoyearcourseatcollege.Inthefirstyear,wehadtolearnthebasics.Andthenwehadtotaketheexams.

3　　W:Wasiteasytofindajob?　　M:Iwrotetoaboutsixhotels.Andoneofthemgavememyfirstjob.SoIdidn'thavetowaittoolong.　　W:Andwhat'sthesecretofbeinggoodatyourjob?　　M:Attentiontodetailandyouhavetoloveit.Youhavetoshowpassionforit.Andwhatareyourplansforthefuture?　　M:Iwanttohavemyownplacewhenthetimeisright.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisjob?　　20.Whatdoesthemanthinkisthehardestpartofhisjob?　　21.Wheredidthemangethisfirstjobaftergraduation?　　22.Whatdoesthemansayisimportanttobeinggoodathisjob?长对话原文第二篇：　　W:Nowyou'veseenthistableoffiguresaboutthepocketmoneychildreninBritainget?　　M:Yes.Ithoughtitwasquiteinteresting,butIdon'tquiteunderstandthecolumnentitled“change”.Canyouexplainwhatitmeans?　　W:Well,Ithinkitmeansthechangefromtheyearbefore.

4I'mnotamathematician,butIassumetherisefrom72pto90p,istheriseof25%.　　M:Oh,yes,Isee.Andtheinflationrateisthereforcomparison.　　W:Yes.Whydoyouthinktheriseinpocketmoneyisoftenhigherthaninflation?　　M:I'msorry,I'venoidea.PerhapsparentsinBritainaretoogenerous.　　W:Perhapstheyare.Butitlooksasifchildrenwerealotbetteroffin2001thantheywerein2002.That'sstrange,isn'tit?Andtheyseemedtohavebeenbetteroffin2003thantheyarenow.Iwonderwhythatis.　　M:Yes,Idon'tunderstandthatatall.　　W:Anyway,ifyouhadchildren,howmuchpocketmoneywouldyougivethem?　　M:Idon'tknow.IthinkIprobablygivethemtwopoundsaweek.　　W:Wouldyou?Andwhatwouldyouexpectthemtodowithit?　　M:Well,outofthattheyhavetobuysomesmallpersonalthings.ButIwouldn'texpectthemtosavetobuytheirownsocksforexample.

5　　W:Yes.Bytheway,domostchildreninyourcountrygetpocketmoney?　　M:Yeah,theydo.　　Questions23toquestion25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard:　　Q23:Whatisthetableoffiguresabout?　　Q24:WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutBritishchildren'spocketmoney?　　Q25:Supposingthemanhadchildren,whatwouldheexpectthemtodowiththeirpocketmoney?Passage1原文　　Asthenewsalesdirectorforanationalcomputerfirm,AlexGordonwaslookingforwardtohisfirstmeetingwiththecompany'sdistrictmanagers.EveryonearrivedontimeandAlex'spresentationwentextremelywell.Hedecidedtoendthemeetingwithaconversationabouttheimportanceofthedistrictmanagerstothecompany'splans.“Ibelievewe'regoingtocontinuetoincreaseourshareofthemarket”,hebegan,“Becauseofthequalityofthepeopleinthisroom.Thedistrictmanageristhekeytothesuccessofthesalesrepresentativesinhisdistrict.Hesetsthetoneforeveryoneelse.Ifhehasambitiousgoalsandiswillingtoputinlonghours,everyoneinhis

6unitwillfollowhisexample.”WhenAlexwasfinished,hereceivedpoliteapplausebuthardlythewarmresponsehehadhopedfor.Later,hespokewithoneoftheseniormanagers.“Thingsweregoingsowelluntiltheend”,Alexsaiddisappointedly,“ObviouslyIsaidthewrongthing.”“Yes”,thedistrictmanagerreplied,“Halfofourmanagersarewomen.Mosthaveworkedthewayupfromsalesrepresentativesandtheyareveryproudoftherolethey'veplayedinthecompany'sgrowth.Theydon'tcareatallaboutthepoliticalcorrectnessbuttheyaredefinitelysurprisedanddistressedtobereferredtoas”he“inyourspeech.”　　Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.WhodidAlexGordonspeaktoatthefirstmeeting?　　27.WhatdidAlexwanttoemphasizeattheendofhispresentation?　　28.Whatdowelearnabouttheaudienceatthemeeting?　　29.WhydidAlexfailtoreceivethewarmresponsehehadhopedfor?　　Passage2　　Thewaytocomplainistoactbusiness-likeandimportant.Ifyourcomplaintisimmediate,supposeyougotthewrongorder

7atarestaurant,makeapolitebutfirmrequesttoseethemanager.Whenthemanagercomes,askhisorhernameandthenstateyourproblem,andwhatyouexpecttohavedoneaboutit.Bepolite.Shoutingoractingrudewillgetyounowhere.Butalsobefirminmakingyourcomplaint.Besides,actimportant.Thisdoesn'tmeantoputonairsandsay,“DoyouknowwhoIam?”Whatitmeansisthatpeopleareoftentreatedthewaytheyexpecttobetreated.Ifyouactlikesomeonewhoexpectsafairrequestbegranted,chancesareitwillbegranted.Theworstwaytocomplainisoverthetelephone.Youarespeakingtoavoicecomingfromsomeoneyoucannotsee,soyoucan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.Itiseasyforthatpersontogiveyouarun-around.Complaininginpersonorbyletterisgenerallymoreeffective.Ifyourcomplaintdoesnotrequireanimmediateresponse,itoftenhelpstocomplainbyletter.Ifyouhaveanappliancethatdoesn'twork,sendalettertothestorethatsoldit.Bebusiness-likeandsticktothepoint.Don'tspendaparagraphonhowyourUncleJoetriedtofixtheproblemandcouldn't.　　Question30:Whatdoesthespeakersuggestyoudowhenyouarenotservedproperlyatarestaurant?　　Question31:Whydoesthespeakersaytheworstwayto

8complainisoverthetelephone?　　Question32:Whatshouldyoudoifyoumakeacomplaintbyletter?Passage3 原文：　　BarbaraSantosisawifeandthemotherof2children,ages2and4.Herhusband,Tom,isanengineerandmakesanexcellentsalary.BeforeBarbarahadchildren,sheworkedasanarchitectforthegovernment,designinggovernmenthousing.Shequitherjobwhenshebecamepregnant,butisnowinterestedinreturningtowork.She'sbeenofferedanexcellentjobwiththegovernment.Herhusbandfeelsit'sunnecessaryforhertoworksincethefamilydoesnotneedtheaddedincome.Healsothinksthatawomanshouldstayhomewithherchildren.IfBarbarafeelstheneedtodosociallyimportantwork,hethinksthatsheshoulddovolunteerworkoneortwodaysaweek.Barbara,ontheotherhand,hasmissedtheexcitementofherprofession,anddoesnotfeelshewouldbesatisfieddoingvolunteerwork.Shewouldalsoliketohaveherownincome,soshedoesnothavetoaskherhusbandformoneywhenevershewantstobuysomething.Shedoesnotthinkit'snecessarytostayhomeeverydaywiththechildren,andsheknowsaveryreliablebabysitterwho'swillingtocometoher

9house.Tomdoesnotthinkababysittercanreplaceamother,andthinksit'sabadideaforthechildrentospendsomuchtimewithsomeonewho'snotpartofthefamily.　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.WhatwasBarbara'sprofessionbeforeshehadchildren?　　34.WhatdoesBarbara'shusbandsuggestshedoifshewantstowork?　　35.WhatdoesTomthinkabouthiringababysitter?　　以下是2010年6月19日四级答案复合式听写“原文”　　Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootintheschoolbuilding,issmarter,morecurious,lessafraidofwhathedoesnotknow,betterinfindingandfiguringthingsout,moreconfident,resourceful,persistent,andindependentthanhewilleverbeagaininhisschoolingorunlessheisveryunusualandveryluckyfortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoandinteractingwiththeworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschooltypeformalinstruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicated,andabstractthananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschoolorthananyofhisteachershavedoneforyears.Hehassolvedthemysteryof

10language.Hehasdiscoveredit.Babiesdonotevenknowthatlanguageexistsandhehasfoundouthowitworksandlearnedtouseitappropriately.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,bytryingitoutandseeingwhetheritworksbygraduallychangingitandrefiningituntilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,includingmanyoftheconceptsthattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhimandmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.2009年12月大学英语四级PartⅢListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　试题详解　　11.A)Getsomesmallchange.A)换取零钱。　　B)Findashoppingcenter.B)找一个购物中心。　　C)Cashacheckatabank.C)在银行兑现支票。　　D)Findaparkingmeter.D)找一个停车计费器。　　M:Excuseme.Doyouhavechangeforaten-dollarnote?Ineedtopaytheparkingmeter.　　W:I’msorry,butIthinkyoucangetitthroughthemoneychanger

11intheshoppingcenteracrossthestreet.　　Q:Whatisthemantryingtodo?　　男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一张10美元的钞票吗?我需要支付停车费。　　女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。　　问题：男士要干什么?　　【词汇点拨】parkingmeter停车计费器;cashacheck支票兑现;changen.零钱　　12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.A)与儿子一起购物。　　B)Buyingagiftforachild.B)给孩子买礼物。　　C)Promotinganewproduct.C)促销新产品。　　D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.D)与女售货员讨价还价。　　【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项C，因为只有C选项是关于“出售”(促销)，而其它选项都和“购买”有关;答案应在选项A、B、D中。　　【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toytrain和brand，加上男生说的schoolboy，可确定答案为选项B。　　【干扰项分析】A选项中的son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项D可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及关于“还价”

12或具体金额的内容。　　【原文及译文】　　M:Canyourecommendsomethingthataschoolboyof7or8willreallylike?　　W:I’dsuggestthistoytrain,sir.It’sanexcellentbrand.Verypopularallovertheworldthesedays.　　Q:Whatisthemandoing?　　男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗?　　女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。　　问题：男士正在做什么?　　【词汇点拨】recommendv.推荐;brandn.品牌;promotev.促销;bargainv.讨价还价　　13.A)Takingphotographs.A)拍照。　　B)Enhancingimages.B)突显形象。　　C)Mendingcameras.C)修理相机。　　D)Paintingpictures.D)画画。　　【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到takingpictures(拍照)，由此确定话题方向。　　【正确项分析】女士说话中提到takingpictures，与选项A中的takingphotographs一致，答案为A选项。

13　　【原文及译文】　　W:Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyou’retakingpicturesofthem?　　M:Itrynotto.Youknowanypictureofapersonwhoposesforthecamerawouldlookdullandunnatural.　　Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?　　女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗?　　男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。　　问题：讲话人在谈论什么?　【词汇点拨】posev.摆姿势n.姿势，姿态;enhancev.提高，加强;imagen.图像，形象　　14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.A)他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。　　B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.B)他提供不了太多有用信息。　　C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.C)他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。　　D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.D)他将找其他人来帮助女士。　　【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”。本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词moveto，provide，show

14around和ask。　　【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为B选项。　　【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可顺利排除A选项。选项C没有提及。选项D与选项B为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提出找人帮忙，故排除选项D。　　【原文及译文】　　W:IneedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsBaltimorewell.I’mtoldyoulivedthere.　　M:Oh,butIwasreallyyoungatthetime　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。　　男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。　　问题：男士是什么意思?　　【词汇点拨】showaround领……参观15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.A)他非常失望。　　B)Heishighlyambitious.B)他很有抱负。　　C)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituation.C)他不能面对处境。　　D)Heknowshisownlimitation.D)他知道自己的不足。

15　　【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有B提到了“正面、积极”的方向，可初步排除。选项预读较难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。but出现表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可选出正确选项。　　【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与选项D同义。　　【干扰项分析】A选项中是rather，与原文的alittle不一致，可排除。C选项原文中未曾提及。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Aren’tyoudisappointedthatyoudidn’tgetthepromotion?　　M:Maybealittle,butIknowIneedmoreexperiencebeforeI’mreadyforthatkindofresponsibility.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromthisconversation?　　女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗?　　男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。　　问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息?　【词汇点拨】disappointeda.失望的;ambitiousa.有雄心的;promotionn.晋升;responsibilityn.责任　　16.A)Shemusthavepaidalotforthegym.A)她一定在健身房花了很多钱。　　B)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.B)她以身材好而闻名。　　C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.C)

16她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。　　D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.D)她努力健身的做法值得称赞。　　【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项B、C都是关于锻炼效果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。　　【正确项分析】男士提到yourefforthaspaidoff，这与选项C中的hasyieldedgoodresults一致，故选择C项。　　【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，B选项可排除。男士也未称赞她的作法，故排除选项D。　　【原文及译文】　　W:I’vebeenworkingoutthegymsinceJanuary.Iwasabitoutofshape.　　M:Youlookterrific.Itseemsthatyourefforthaspaidoff.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?　　女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。　　男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。　　问题：男士暗示女士什么?　　【词汇点拨】gymn.健身房;yieldv.产生;keepfit保持体型;workout体育锻炼;outofshape走形，走样;payoff得到好结果　　17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.A)女学生不适合学习物理。

17　　B)Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.B)他可以担当女士的家庭教师。　　C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.C)在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。　　D)Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.D)教授的建议是有建设性的。　　【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。选项A、C与物理有关，选项B、D是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。　　【正确项分析】首句用到suggest接着说到tutor场景明确，和选项B、D有关，排除选项A、C。首句ProfessorClarksuggestedIgetatutorforadvancedphysics，可知答案为选项D。　　【原文及译文】　　W:ProfessorClarksuggestedIgetatutorforadvancedphysics.　　M:Well,thatmighthelp.Advancedphysicsisaprettydifficultcourse.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。　　男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。　　问题：男士的意思是什么?　　【词汇点拨】tutorn.家庭教师;constructivea.有益的，建设性的　　18.A)Indifferent.A)漠不关心的。

18　　B)Doubtful.B)怀疑的。　　C)Pleased.C)高兴的。　　D)Surprised.D)惊奇的。　　【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C。本题为加了“弦外之音”意义解释题，同义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语气。　　【正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项B、C。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项A意义相符。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Bill,haveyouheardthelatestnews?Itappearswetwowon’tbelaidoffafterall.　　M:Oh,I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIshouldresign.Anyway,thenewsseemstobegoodforyou.　　Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenews?　　女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗?好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。　　男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对你来说是个好事。　　问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的?　　【词汇点拨】indifferenta.漠不关心的;doubtfula.持怀疑态度的;layoff解雇;resignv.辞职;betiredof…对……厌倦

19Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.A)他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。　　B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.B)他已经报名参加白天课程。　　C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.C)他白天上班。　　D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.D)他发现晚上课程更便宜。　　【听音指导】预览选项，选项A、D讨论eveningclass，选项B讲述daycourse，立刻可推测此长对话与课程有关，且该课程有dayclass和eveningclass之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，男士应偏重于eveningclass，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择eveningclass的原因。　　【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday，关键词在于since，正所谓“因果必考”，选项C与原文相符。　　20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.A)学习一门计算机语言。　　B)Learndataprocessing.B)学习数据处理。　　C)Buysomecomputersoftware.C)买一些电脑软件。　　D)Buyafewcoursebooks.D)买一些课本。　　【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根据19题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所报课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与computer有关。可知选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。

20　　【正确项分析】女士先提到了Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing，在其后紧跟着又对其进行了解释dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming。对于dataprocessing在对话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择B选项。　　21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.A)周四晚，7点至9点45分。　　B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.B)从9月1号至新年前夕。　　C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.C)每周一，持续12周。　　D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.D)一星期三小时，总共45小时。　　【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为某一课程所持续的时间。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。　　【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，信息较分散，最初提到了everyMonday,from7to9:45。接下来在letmesee停顿之后出现答案12weeks，fromSeptember1toChristmaseve.整合以上信息，应选C。　　【干扰项分析】选项A错在Thursdayevening，原文中明确给出应该是Mondayevening。选项B中的NewYear’seve也是偷梁换柱，应为Christmaseve。选项D涉及小计算，每晚3小时，持续12周，应大约总共36小时才正确。　　22.A)Whattobringforregistration.A)登记时需要带什么。

21　　B)Wheretoattendtheclass.B)到哪里去上课。　　C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.C)去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。　　D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.D)他是否能用支票。　　【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。　　【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?与选项A同义。　　【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明确表明Iknowhowtogetthere，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Hello,ParksonCollege.MayIhelpyou?　　M:Yes.I’mlookingforinformationoncoursesincomputerprogramming.Iwouldneeditforthefallsemester.　　W:Doyouwantadayoreveningcourse?　　M:Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.　　W:Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?　　M:No.　　W:Oh!Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebefore

22youcantakecomputerprogramming.　　M:Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?IhopeitisnotonThursdays.　　W:Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsat7.　　M:Justonceaweek?　　W:Yes.Butthat’salmost3hoursfrom7to9:45.　　M:Oh!Well,that’salright.Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?　　W:Mm,letmesee.12weeks.YoustartthefirstweekinSeptember,andfinish,oh,justbeforeChristmas.December21st.　　M:Andhowmuchisthecourse?　　W:That’s300dollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.　　M:Ah-hum.Okay,Eh,wheredoIgotoregister?　　W:RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptemberbetween6and9inFrostHall.　　M:Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?　　W:Yes,that’stheone.　　M:Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?　　W:No,justyourcheckbook.　　M:Well,thankyouverymuch.　　W:You’reverywelcome.Bye!　　M:Bye!

23　　19:Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?　　20:Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?　　21:Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleoftheeveningcourse?　　22:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?　　女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗?　　男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。　　女士：白天上课还是晚上上课?　　男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。　　女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗?　　男士：没有。　　女士：哦!好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。　　男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课?我希望不是星期四。　　女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。　　男士：一周仅上一次?　　女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。　　男士：哦!没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程?　　女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。　　男士：这门课程多少钱?

24　　女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。　　男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记?　　女士：在9月2号、3号6点至9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。　　男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗?　　女士：是的，就是那儿。　　男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗?　　女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。　　男士：哦，太谢谢了。　　女士：不用客气。再见!　　男士：再见!　　19：为什么男士选择晚间上课?　　20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么?　　21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息?　　22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息?　　【词汇点拨】coursen.课程;computerprogramming计算机编程;dataprocessing数据处理;parkinglot停车场;schedulen.时间表Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A)Atrainingcoach.A)教练员。　　B)Atradingadviser.B)商业顾问。　　C)Aprofessionalmanager.C)职业经理。　　D)Afinancialtrader.D)金融交易商。

25　　【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。　　【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及tradinginfinancialmarkets，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业是financialtrader.　　24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.A)他可以节省生活费用。　　B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.B)他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。　　C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.C)他喜欢健康食物。　　D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.D)他觉得外带食品不好吃。　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。　　【正确项分析】听音过程中听到此句Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句Todosomethingmybrainwillregardascreative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。　　25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.A)是某种不可避免的事情。　　B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.B)有时候令人沮丧。　　C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.C)它需要耐心来管理。　　D)Itcanbeagoodthing.D)它可能是件好事。

26　　【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。　　【正确项分析】Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。　　【原文及译文】　　W:So,whyexactlydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?　　M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.　　W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?　　M:Iveryrarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescapethemarkets.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away.Todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.　　W:Doyouthinkwhatyoudoforrelaxationisaneffectivewaytobeatstress?　　M:Idon’tthinkthereisaspecificruleabouthowtobeatstress.IgenerallyfindoutwhatIdoiseffectiveforme.　　W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?　　M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.

27However,Idothinkthatanelementofstressisagoodthing,andifusedtherightway,itcanactuallybeapositivething.　　W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?　　M:Havingsaidallthat,Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Ienjoyamentalchallenge.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.Howyoudealwithandmanagethoseemotionsdictatesshort,mediumandlongtermtradingperformanceandsuccess.　　23:Whatistheman’sjob?　　24:Whydoesthemanprefertocookamealratherthanhaveatake-away?　　25:Whatdoesthemansayaboutanelementofstressinhisjob?　　女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?　　男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。　　女士：你晚上如何放松?　　男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。　　女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?　　男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。　　女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?

28　　男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。　　女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?　　男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。　　23：男士的工作是什么?　　24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖?　　25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?　　【词汇点拨】reputationn.名声，名气;combinev.合并;financiala.金融的;take-away外带食品;positivea.积极的，有益的;uncertaintyn.不确定性SectionB　　PassageOne　　篇章结构　　本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。　　词汇点拨　　fascinateda.着迷的;surfacen.表面;bacterian细菌;automatically

29ad.自动地;proben.探头，探针;evolutionn.进化　　话题词汇　　beneathprep.在……之下　　Jupitern.木星　　moonn.卫星，月球　　nitrogenn.氮　　planetn.行星，星球　　volcanicactivity火山活动　　难句解析　　1.Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.　　【解析】sinceearlytimes作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为befascinatedwith，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是ideaoflife，existingsomewhereelsebesidesearth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。　　2.TheprobeshavealsomadescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.　　【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为makesb.dosth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，givingoffvolcanicheat作定语修饰has的宾语arockycore。　　试题详解　　26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.A)除了卫星外没有行星。

30　　B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.B)在木星上没有空气或水。　　C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.C)在外空是没有生命的。　　D)ThemysteryoflifecouldnotberesolvedD)生命的奥秘是不能解决的。　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注noplanets，noairorwater还是nolife。　　【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetswasjustahopefuldream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。　　27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.A)有很多活火山。　　B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth’s.B)有像地球上的大气层。　　C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.C)在它的表面有一个大海洋。　　D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.D)有几英里长的深洞穴。　　【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。

31　　【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。　　28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.A)光不是必备因素。　　B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.B)生命在很热的温度下能够形成。　　C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.C)每种生命的形成都需要进化。　　D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.D)氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。　　【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hottemperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。　　【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalblacknesssuchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflife,havebeenseenthere。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。　　原文及译文

32　　Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetswasjustahopefuldream.Butnowtheyarebeginningtolocateplaceswherelifecouldform.In1997,theysawevidenceofplanetsnearotherstarslikethesun.Butscientistsnowthinkthatlifecouldbeevennearerinourownsolarsystem.OneplanetscientistsarestudyingverycloselyisEuropa,amoonofJupiter.SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface.TheprobeshavealsomadethescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.Waterandheatfromvolcanicactivityaretwobasicconditionsneededforlifetoform.Athirdiscertainbasicchemicalssuchascarbon,oxygenandnitrogen.ScientistsbelievetheremightbesuchchemicalslyingatthebottomofEuropa’socean.Theymayhavealreadycreatedlifeormaybeaboutto.Youmaywonderiflightisalsoneededforlifetoform.Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalblacknesssuchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflifehavebeenseenthere.SothelackoflightinEuropa’ssub-surfaceoceandoesn’tautomaticallyruleoutlifeforming.　　26.Whatdidscientistsoncebelieveaccordingtothepassage?　　27.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutEuropa,amoonofJupiter?

33　　28.Whathavescientistscometoknowrecentlyabouttheformationoflife?　　从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。　　26.根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?　　27.科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息?　　28.最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么?　　PassageTwo　　篇章结构

34　　本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。　　词汇点拨　　sufferv.遭受;confusinga.令人迷惑的;episoden.插曲;versionn.版本;challengev.挑战　　话题词汇　　contextn.上下文　　physiciann.内科医生　　recoverv.恢复　　stabilityn.稳定性　　actout表演出来　　emergencyroom急诊室　　oralcommunication口头交际　　tailoredto定制的　　难句解析　　1.Alsolisteningtoherwereahalfadozenotherfamilymembers.　　【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listeningtoher，主语为ahalfadozenotherfamilymembers。正常语序为：Ahalfadozenotherfamilymemberswerealsolisteningtoher.　　2.AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhavegivenjusta

35fewhoursbefore,buttheyhavethreeorfourdifferentversions.　　【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，hadheard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。Ihavegivenjustafewhoursbefore做定语修饰thesimpleinstructions，省略连接词that。试题详解　　29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.A)他们是否应该将孩子带回家。　　B)WhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlywere.B)玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。　　C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.C)谁在家照顾孩子。　　D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.D)什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。　　【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，takecareof以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。　　【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’dbeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。　　30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.A)她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。

36　　B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.B)她让他们记下她的医嘱。　　C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.C)她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。　　D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhataresupposedtodo.D)她让他们复述要做的事。　　【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是DoctorMyer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词askquestion，writedown，actout和repeat。　　【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinktheyaresupposedtodo，原文的tellher与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，　　31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.A)它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。　　B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.B)它包含许多语法错误。　　C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.C)它十分依赖上下文语境。　　D)Itfacilitatesinterpersonalcommunication.D)它有助于人际交往。　　【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。

37　　【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流(humanspeech)总结了什么。原文为humanspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword，与选项A一致。　　原文及译文　　Inherearlydaysasanemergencyroomphysician,DoctorJoannaMayertreatedachildwhohadsufferedaseconddegreeburn.Afterthechildhadbeentreatedandwasbeingpreparedfordischarge,DoctorMayertalkedtotheparentsabouthowtheyshouldcareforthechildathome.Alsolisteningtoherwereahalfadozenotherfamilymembers.Afewhourslater,whenshecametosaygoodbye,thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’dbeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven.“AsItalkedtothem,Iwasamazed.”shesaid,“AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhavegivenjustafewhoursbefore,buttheyhavethreeorfourdifferentversions.Themostbasicdetailswereunclearandconfusing.Iwassurprised,becausethesewereintelligentpeople.”ThisepisodegaveDoctorMayerherfirstcluetosomethingeverydoctorlearnssoonerorlater----mostpeoplejustdon’tlistenverywell.　　Nowadays,shesayssherepeatsherinstructions,andevenconductsarealitycheckwithsomepatients.Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinktheyaresupposedtodo.Shealsoprovidestake-homesheetswhich

38arecomputerprintoutstailoredtothepatients’situation.Doc.Mayer’slistenersarenotunusual.Whennewordifficultmaterialispresented,almostalllistenersarefacedwithachallengebecausehumanspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword.Oralcommunicationisfast-movingandimpermanent.　　29.Whatdidthechild’sfamilymembersargueaboutinthehospital?　　30.WhatdoesDoc.Mayerdotoinsureherpatientsunderstandherinstructions?　　31.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthumanspeech?　　乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。

39　　如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。　　29.孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?　　30.为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?　　31.说话者如何评述人类口语?　　PassageThree　　篇章结构　　此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。　　词汇点拨　　challenginga.挑战性的;logicala.合理的;manuallyad.手动地;identifyv.认同;tediousa.单调的，沉闷的　　话题词汇　　arbitrarilyad.专横地　　mechanicala.机械的　　roboticsn.机器人学　　bydefinition当然　　jobsecurity职业安全感　　laborrelations劳资关系　　难句解析　　1.It’slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,good

40workingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.　　【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，后面的不定式tosuppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，oneexpert与FrederickHerzberg为同位语，that后引导宾语从句。　　2.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.　　【解析】本句主句为therebe句型，常见的短语withthedevelopmentof作时间状语，意为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring，repetitive和mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilledpeople试题详解　　32.A)Jobsecurity.A)职业安全感。　　B)Goodlaborrelations.B)愉快的劳资关系。　　C)Challengingwork.C)挑战性的工作。　　D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.D)有吸引力的工资和利益。　　【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词jobsecurity，laborrelation，work，和wagesand

41benefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。　　【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility，连接词incontrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。　　【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers。故可全部排除。　　33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.A)许多单调工作继续由手工做。　　B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.B)越来越多的非技术工人将失业。　　C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.C)电脑将改变很多工作性质。　　D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.D)无聊的工作将变得快乐。　　【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，unskilledandlosejob，computer和boringandenjoyable。

42　　【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。　　34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.A)提供给他们晋升机会。　　B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.B)改善他们的工作条件。　　C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.C)鼓励他们相互竞争。　　D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.D)给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。　　【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。　　【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在forexample前的总结句：Givethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasapartofateam。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。　　35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.A)他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。　　B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.B)他们与少数人相关。

43　　C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.C)是管理人员随意制定的。　　D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.D)他们超出了普通工人的控制。　　【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。　　【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichautomaticallyonlyconcernafewpeople，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案为选项B。　　原文及译文　　It’slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.Theyaremerelysatisfiers.Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomanagersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasateam.Forexample,

44somesupermarketscombineofficestaff,thepeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam,andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplaythemandsoon.Manypeoplenowtalkabouttheimportanceofacompany’ssharedvaluesorculturewithwhichallthestaffcanidentify,forexample,beingthebesthotelchain,ormakingthebest,themostuser-friendlyorthemostreliableproductsinaparticularfield.Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichultimatelyonlyconcernafewpeople.Unfortunately,there’sonlyalimitednumberofsuchgoalstogoaroundandbydefinition,notallthecompetingcompaniesinanindustrycanseriouslyplayintobethebest.　　32:WhatcanactuallymotivateworkersaccordingtoFrederickHerzberg?　　33:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutjobsinthecomputerera?　　34:Whatdosomesupermarketsdotomotivateemployees?　　35:Whydoesthespeakersayfinancialtargetsarelesslikelytomotivateworkers?　　认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇、工作安全性好能够激励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克•

45赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种工作的人呢?一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货、产品如何陈列等。现在很多人在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。　　32：根据弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工?　　33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点?　　34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施?　　35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工?SectionC　　原文重现　　Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)classifiedintothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.Factualwritingprovides(37)backgroundinformationonanauthor,composerorartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)albumcoverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticle

46describingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)appreciationcourse.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)contextforyourstudyofthehumanities.　　Asitsname(41)implies,descriptivewritingsimplydescribesorprovidesan(42)imageof,apieceofmusic,artorliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)instrumentsacomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesofsoundsinthereaders’mindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)Descriptivewritinginhumanity,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting.　　Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)Ittellsthereaderhowtodosomething,forexample,explainingthetechniqueusedtoshowafilm.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)Authorsmayactuallyusemorethanonetypeoftechniquesinthegivenpieceofinformationalwriting.　　篇章结构　　此次复合式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。短文结构，先总后分。原文中充斥了许多长难词，致使考生预读时就一头雾水。尤其是全文的首句：Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.关键是要正确理解humanities(人文学科)一词。

47　　词汇点拨　　humanitiesn.人文学科;contextn.环境，语境，上下文;techniquen.技巧　　话题词汇　　composern.作曲家　　bookjacket护封　　instrumentn.乐器　　backgroundinformation背景知识　　musicappreciation音乐鉴赏　　musicalcomposition乐曲　　试题详解　　36.【听音指导】根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成……”，轻易可以联想到常考词classified，构成beclassifiedinto结构。　　37.【听音指导】事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，在预读时，很容易将其推测为形容词，但background是常见词，而backgroundinformation作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用到。　　38.【听音指导】此空中的内容与book，longpiece并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与book等为一类。album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。　　39.【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于appreciation(“鉴赏”

48)这个词的拼写。appreciate作动词，意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。　　40.【听音指导】为研究人文学科提供环境，其中context是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能考到，此题不易失分。　　41.【听音指导】此句话应理解为“正如名字所显示的那样”，立刻可以联系到show等词，而原文中的imply在以往四级考试中也反复出现。　　42.【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image这个词很容易填出。　　43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musicalinstrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。　　44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptivewriting，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为Descriptivewritinginthehumanities,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting。particularly可替换为especially，bemixedwith意为“与……混合”。也可写为Descriptivewritingismixedwithcriticalwriting，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptivewriting和criticalwriting。　　45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processingwriting，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。shootafilm，意为拍电影。采分点为howtodosomething和technique。

49　　46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为morethanonetypeoftechniqueisusedinwriting。　　全文精译　　在人文学科中，作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。这些方法可分为三类信息写作题材：事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。事实性写作提供了一位作家、作曲家或艺术家或者是一种音乐、文学或艺术的背景信息。事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面，较长的作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。这种写作题材为人文学科研究提供了依据。　　正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐、一种艺术和文学树立一种形象。例如，描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器作曲家在音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描述，在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。人文学科中的描写性写作，特别在文学中，经常与评论式写作共同使用。　　解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，拍电影的技术。这种写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息写作中，作者可以运用多种写作技巧。2009年6月英语四级ShortConversations11.W:ThereweremorethanahundredpeopleatKate'sbirthdayparty.Howcomeshe'sgotsomanyfriends?

50M:It'sreallynosurprise.YouknowshewaspopularevenwhenshewasachildQ:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutKate?12.M:Theysaythere'llbeasnow-stormtonight,andthecoldweatherwilllastquiteafewdays.W:Oh!We'resolucky,we'llbegettingawayforawhile,andhavingaholidayinFlorida.Butlet'scallrightnowtoconfirmourflight.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetwospeakers?13.W:Tonywasawardedamedalforrescuingseveralfamiliesfromtheforestfire.M:Ireallyadmirehiscourage.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutTonyfromtheconversation?14.M:Mywashingmachineismorethanfifteenyearsoldandithasworkedjustfineuntillastnight.W:You’llneverbeabletogetpartsforit,evenfromJapan.Soitmightbetimetoinvestamorerecentmodel.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?15.W:Iheardaboutyourpromotion,youmustbethrilled.M:Notreally,thenewofficeishuge,butthewordloadhasdoubled.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?16.W:Ican’tdecidewhattodoaboutthepartytomorrow.M:Youdon’thavetogoifyoudon’twantto,butI’llbegladtogiveyou

51arideifyoudo.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?17.M:Nowifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutthecontract.I’llbehappytoanswerthem.W:Nothingcomestomindrightnow,butI’dliketogooverallthearticlesofthecontractoncemorebeforesigningit.Q:Whatarethespeakersdoingrightnow?18.M:Weareoutofpaperfortheprinter.Canyoupleaseordersome?W:Icompletedtheorderformonlineyesterdayanditwillbeherebynoon.I’llletyouknowwhenitcomesin.Q:Whatdidthewomando?LongConversationConversationOneW:Bob,doyouknowwhoIsawtheotherday?OldJake,lookingterriblydepressed.Didhegetpensionedoffatlast?M:Yes.Theymadehimretireafter50yearsatsea.Heisprettyupsetaboutit,butwhatcanyoudo?Hereallyispasted.W:Heisallalone,isn’the?M:Yes,hiswifehasbeendeadforyears.Theyhadonedaughter,Dories.Butshewentofftotownassoonassheleftschool.Andhehasn’theardfromhersince.Ihearsheismakinggoodmoneyasamodel.W:Maybesomeonecouldgetintouchwithher.Gethertocomebackfor

52awhiletohelp?M:Idon’tsupposeshecome.Shenevergotonwithherfather.Heisbitofatoughcharacterandsheisratherselfish.Oh,IexpectoldJakewillgetby.Heishealthyatleast,comesintoaclinicforacheckregularly.W:Areyouhisdoctor?M:No,mypartnerdoctorJohnsonis.W:Thatbad-temperedoldthing?M:Oh,heisn’tbad-tempered.Hejustlooksit.Heisanexcellentdoctor,taughtmealot,andhehasaverynicefamily.Hiswifeinvitesmeovertheretosuppereveryweek.Verypleasant.W:yes.IteachtheirdaughterPenatschool.Sheisabitcarelessandlazyaboutherschoolwork,butabrightlittlethingandverypopularwithheragegroup.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyou’vejustheard.19.WhydoesoldJakelookterriblydepressed?20.WhatdowelearnaboutJake’swife?21.WhatdoesthemansayaboutJake’sdaughter?22.WhatdoesthemansayaboutJake’sdoctor?ConversationTwoW:Hello,Mr.Summerfield.Howareyoutoday?M:Verywell.Thankyou,Ms.Green.W:WhatcanIdofor

53you?M:Well,unfortunately,thereisaproblemwiththeorderwereceivedfromyouyesterday.Itseemswehaven’tseentherightquantityofmanualstosupportthetelephonesystem.W:Oh,dear,that’sbadnews.I’mverysorrytohearthat,andyoudon’tknowhowmanypacksarewithoutmanuals?M:No,becausewehaven’topenedeverypack.Butinseveralofthosethathavebeenopenedtherearenone,nomanuals.W:I’mverysorryaboutthisinconvenience,Mr.Summerfield.We’llsendoutthemanualsthisafternoonbyexpressmailentirelyatourcost,andthemanualsshouldarrivetomorroworthedayafteratthelatest.M:Allofthem,right?W:Yes.Itmaybethatsomehavethemalready,butwecannotbesure.Sothebestthingistosendoutthemanualforeverypack.M:Yes.Yes,Isee.Thatwouldbegreat.W:Pleaseacceptourapologiesforthismix-up.IassureyouwewilldoeverythingpossibletofindoutwhythemistakehappenedM:Right.Thanksforyourswiftaction.W:Notatall.Thankyouandgoodbyefornow.Docallifthereisanythingelse.M:Allright.Thankyou.Goodbye,MsGreen.W:Goodbye.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyou’vejust

54heard.23.Whatproblemsarethespeakersdiscussing?24.Whatdoesthewomanpromisetodo?25.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthesolution?Passage1Attractingandfeedingwildbirdsareentertainingactivitiesthathavelongbeenenjoyedbypeopleallovertheworld.Feedingbirdshasbecomesopopularthatpreparedfeedmixturesarereadilyavailable.Wefeedbirdsformanyreasons.Manypleasanthourscancomefromwatchingbirds.Ahobbyoftendevelopsintoaseriousstudyoftheirhabits.Accurateidentificationofbirdsisusuallythefirstgoal.Butobservationsthatanamateurbird-watchercanmakearereallylimitless.Thereis,however,responsibilityassociatedwithbirdfeeding,includingadiseasehazard.Attractingnumbersofbirdscontinuallytothesamespotcanbeharmfultothem,particularlyspeciesthatpickfoodfromthegroundcontaminatedbythedroppingsofotherbirds.Inwinterfeedingeffortsaremostsatisfyingtopeopleandareofgreatestbenefittobirds.Duringthistimewhenfewernaturalfoodsareavailableandairtemperaturesarelower,extrafeedingcankeepabirdwarmandwell.Oncebegun,feedingshouldneverstopduringtheseleanmonths.Ifyoustartalocalincreaseofbirds,bepreparedtodowhatmayberequiredtoeliminatehazardstothoseyouwanttobefriend.Aconstantsupplyoffoodshouldbegivenuntilthecoldisoverandspringhascome.If

55feedingisstoppedduringsevereweather,birdsusedtorelyinguponthefeedersmuststarve.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.Q26Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbirdwatching?Q27Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutbirdsfedcontinuallyonthesamespot?Q28Whatdoesthespeakersuggestwedoinfeedingbirdsinwinter?Passage2MyfriendLeomakesupweakandpoorexcuseswheneverthereissomethinghedoesn’twanttodo.Justtwoweeksago,hewasatmyhousewhenhedecidedhedidn’twanttogointowork.Hecalledhisbossandsaidhehadtogetanewsetoftiresputonhistruck.ThenhesatdownandwatchedTVwithme.Notonlyhadheliedbuthisexcusewasn’taveryconvincingone.Anothertime,hecancelledadatewithhisgirlfriendatthelastminutetellingherhehadtogetanewbatteryforhistruck.Shewasangryandrefusedtogooutwithhimagainuntilheapologized.Lastweekend,Leoofferedthepoorestexcuseyet.He’dpromisedhe’dhelpmemovesomefurniture,frommyparents’housetomynewapartment.Hewassupposedtobringhistruckoverabout8o’clockSaturdaymorning.Iwaited,andthencalledandleftamessageonhismachine.About11:30,hecalledandsaidhewassorrybuthe’dbeengettinganewsetoftiresputonhistruck.Iguesshe’dforgottenheused

56thesameexcusewhenhecalledhisbossfrommyhouse.IthinkIneedanewsetoffriends.I’mbeginningtogettiredofLeo’sexcuses.Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.Q29WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutherfriendLeo?Q30WhatdidhisgirlfrienddowhenLeocanceledadatewithheratthelastminute?Q31WhatfavordidthespeakeraskLeotodolastweekend?Passage3InHollywood,everybodywantstoberich,famousandbeautiful.Nobodywantstobeold,unknownandpoor.ForHollywoodkids,lifecanbedifficultbecausetheygrowupsuchanunrealatmosphere.Theirparentsareambitiousandthechildrenarepartoftheparents’ambitions.Parentspayforwastefulgrandparties,expensivecarsanddesignerclothes.Wheneverydreamcancometrue,kidsdon’tlearnthevalueofanythingbecausetheyhaveeverything.Athirteen-year-oldboy,TrentMaguire,hasadriver,creditcardsandunlimitedcashtodowhathewantswhenhewantsto.“Oneday,I’llearnmorethanmydad!”heboasts.Parentsbuycareandattentionfortheirchildrenbecausetheyhavenotimetogiveitthemselves.Amender’smotheremploysapersonaltrainer,abodyguard,asingingcoachandacouncilortolookafterallherfifteen-year-olddaughter’sneeds.Often,thereisnoparentathomemostdays,sochildrendecidewhethertomaketheirownmealsorgooutto

57restaurants,whentowatchtelevisionordohomework.Theyorganizetheirsociallife.Theyplaynochildhoodgames.Theybecomeadultsbeforethey’reready.Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenthecityofdreams.Thekidsthereliveunrealliveswheremoney,beautyandpleasurearetheonlygods.Willchildrenaroundtheworldsoonstarttothinkthesame?Ordotheyalready?Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.Q32WhyislifesaidtobedifficultforHollywoodkids?Q33WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutTrentMaguire,athirteen-year-oldboy?Q34WhydoesAmender’smotheremployotherpeopletolookafterherneeds?Q35WhatwillprobablyhavenegativeeffectsonthelivesofHollywoodkids?CompoundDictationAround120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.Heconcentratedonstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanrememberinformation.Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis,whichsimplymeantheamountyoulearndependsonthetimeyouspendtryingtolearnit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.

58Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingfor4hoursisbetterthanstudyingfor1,thereisstillthequestionofhowtousethe4hours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyfor4hoursstraightortostudyfor1houradayfor4daysinarow?Theanswer,asyoumayhavesuspected,isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.Thisphenomenonthroughwhichwecanlearnmoreefficientlybydividingourpracticetimeisknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,oursecondruleoflearningisthis.It’sbettertostudyfairlybrieflybutoften.Butwearenotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.Let’ssayyouaretryingtolearnsomenewandratherdifficultEnglishvocabularyusingastackofcards.Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccessionorlookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?Theanswerisitisbettertospaceupthepresentationsofthewordyouaretolearn.2008年12月20日四级听力原文ShortConversations11．M:IjustreceivedanEmailfromoneofmyformerclassmates.Iwassurprised,Ihadn’theardfromhimforages.W:Well,I’vebeenoutoftouchwithmostofmyoldfriends,onlyoneortwostilldropmealineoccasionally,Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

5912.M:Ifyoucanmakeupyourmindaboutthecolor,Icanstartontheoutsideofyourhouseearlynextweek.  W:Well,rightnowIthinkIwantwhiteforthewindowframesandyellowforthewalls,butI’llletyouknowtomorrow.  Q:Whoisthewomantalkingto?13.W:Excuseme,doyouhaveanyapartmentsavailableforunder500dollarsamonth?Ineedtomoveinnextweekwhenmynewjobstarts.  M:TheonlyvacantoneIhaveis600dollars,haveyouinquiredattheapartmentcomplexdownthestreet?  Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?14.W:Youboughtapairofjeansyesterday,didn’tyou?Whataretheylike?  M:Oh,theyareprettymuchlikemyotherones,exceptwithalargerwaist.IguessIhaven’tspentmuchtimeexercisinglately.  Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversationabouttheman?15.W:Ireallylikethoseabstractpaintingswesawyesterday.Whatdoyouthink?  M:Iguessit’ssomethingIhaven’tacquiredatasteforyet.  Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?16.W:Youhaven’tseenabluenotebook,haveyou?IhopeIdidn’tleaveitinthereading

60room.  M:Didyoucheckthatpileofjournalsyou’veborrowedfromthelibrarytheotherday?  Q:Whatisthemantryingtosaytothewoman?17.M:Howaboutjoiningmeforacupofcoffee?  W:I’dloveto,butI’mexhausted.Iwasuptill3thismorning,writingapaperformyliteratureclass.  Q:Whydoesthewomandeclinetheman’sinvitation?18.W:Youhadajobinterviewyesterday,didn’tyou?Howdiditgo?  M:Nottoobad,Iguess.Therewereabout20candidatescompetingforthesalesmanager’sjob.Andfinallyitwasdowntothreeofus,buttheothertwoseemedbetterqualified.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?长对话IF:Simon,howdoesitfeeltoberetired?M:Well,notsobad.F:Howhaveyoubeenspendingyourtime?M:Ihavebeenspendingmoretimewithmyfamily.I’vealsotravelledabit,youknow,offseasonwheneverywhereislesscrowdedandhotelscostless.F:Great.M:YouknowIhaven’tstoppedworkcompletely.F:Yes,couldyoutellusmoreabout

61this?M:I’monaschemethat’scalledphasedretirement;Ihadasix-monthbreakfromwork,afterthatIcouldapplyforprojectworkwiththecompanyIusedtoworkfor.F:Howdoestheschemework?M:Well,it’satrialatthemoment.Insteadofhiringtemporarystuff,thecompanyadvertisespostsonitswebsitethatretiredemployeeslikemyselfcanaccess.F:Whatsortofworksadvertised?M:Well,allsortsofthings,really.Administrativeworkandmorespecializedwork,thesortofthingIcando.Someoftheprojectscanlastfiveorsixmonths,andotherscanjustbeacoupleofdays.Icandecidemoreorlesswhentowork.SoIcanmanagemyowntime.F:Icanseeit’sgoodforyou.Whatisyourcompanygetoutofthis?M:Well,Istillhaveallmyoldcontactsatwork,soIknowwhotocontacttogetsomethingdone.Thecompanygetsflexibility,too.Oncethejob’sover,that’sit.I’mnotontheirbooksanymore.Questions19-21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.WhydoesSimonfindhisretiredlifeenjoyable?20.HowdoesSimongettoknowaboutthecompany’savailable

62posts?21.Whydoesthecompanyadoptthephasedretirementscheme?长对话IIW:Oh,wherearewegoing?M:Iwanttoshowyousomething.W:Iknow,butwhatisit?M:Afarm.It’sjustdownthisroad.It’sasmallplace,butatleastitwouldbeourown.W:Afarm?Howcanweaffordtobuyafarm?M:Itisn’tverylarge,only40acres.Wewouldn’thavetopayverymuchrightnow.W:Isthereahouseontheplace?M:Asmallone,twobedrooms,butitneedstobefixedupalittle.Icandothejobmyself.W:OK.Isthereenoughspaceforakitchengarden?M:Thereisabouthalfanacrearoundthehouse.That’splentyofspace.W:Thenwecangrowourownfreshvegetables.Andmaybekeepafewchickens,couldn’twe?M:Yes,andwecanprobablygrowalotofourownfood.W:Whatareyouthinkingaboutgrowing,ifwedotakethisplace?M:Well,itreallyisn’tbigenoughforcorn.Ithoughtwemighttryto

63raiseacropofpotatoes.W:Potatoes?Therearealotofwork.M:Weareusedtohardwork,aren’twe?W:Yes,weare,butthemoney.Dowehaveenoughtogetstarted?Itseemslikeadream.M:Ithinkwe’vesavedenough.Wecanpayalittleonthefarmandmaybeputafewdollarsdownonthetractor,too.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Q22:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodoatthetimeoftheconversation?Q23:Whatdoesthemansayaboutthefarm?Q24:Whydoesthemanintendtogrowpotatoesratherthancornonthefarm?Q25:Whatisthewoman’sgreatestconcernabouttheman’splan?Passages四级PassageOneMembersofthecitycouncilanddistinguishedguests,itismyprivilegetointroducetoyoutodayMr.RobertWashington,chiefofourcity’spoliceforce.HewilladdressusonthesubjectoftheCommunityPolicingProgram.MostofyouknowthatMr.Washingtonhasadistinguishedrecordasheadofourpoliceforce

64formorethantenyears.However,youmaynotknowthathealsoholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminologyandstudiedabroadforayearwiththeinternationalpoliceforcewhichdealswithcrimesaroundtheworld.Mr.WashingtonfirstintroducedtheCommunityPolicingProgram8yearsago.Theideabehindtheprogramistogetthepoliceofficersoutoftheircarsandintoourneighborhoodswheretheycantalkdirectlytomerchantsandresidentsabouttherealdynamicsofourcity.Theseofficersdomorethanmakearrests.Theytrytofindwaystohelpsolvetheproblemsthatcontributetocrimeinthefirstplace.Oftenthatmeanshookingpeopleupwithservicesofferedbyothercityagencies,suchasschools,hospitals,housing,drugtreatmentcenters.Andtheprogramseemstobeworking:crimeisdownandourcitizensreportthattheyfeelmoresecure.TodayMr.Washingtonisgoingtotellusmoreaboutthisprogram.Nowlet’swelcomeMr.RobertWashington.26.Whatisthepurposeofthespeaker’sremarks?Hewilladdressusonthesubjectofcommunitypolicingprogram.27.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMr.RobertWashington?MostofyouknowthatMr.Washingtonhasadistinguishedrecordasheadofourpoliceforceformorethantenyears.However,you

65maynotknowthathealsoholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminologyandstudiedabroadforayearwiththeinternationalpoliceforcewhichdealswithcrimesaroundtheworld.Mr.Washingtonfirstintroducedthecommunitypolicingprogram8yearsago.28.WhatistheideabehindtheCommunityPolicingProgram?Theideabehindtheprogramistogetthepoliceofficersoutoftheircarsandintoourneighborhoodswheretheycantalkdirectlytomerchantsandresidentsabouttherealdynamicsofourcity.29.HowhastheCommunityPolicingProgramturnedouttobe?Andtheprogramseemstobeworking,crimeisdownandourcitizensreportthattheyfeelmoresecure.四级PassageTwoTherearebetween3000and6000publiclanguagesintheworld,andwemustaddapproximately6billionprivatelanguagessinceeachoneofusnecessarilyhasone.Consideringthesefacts,thepossibilitiesforbreakdownsincommunicationseeminfiniteinnumber.However,wedocommunicatesuccessfullyfromtimetotime.Andwedolearntospeaklanguages.Butlearningtospeaklanguagesseemstobeaverymysteriousprocess.Foralongtime,peoplethoughtthatwelearnedalanguageonlybyimitationand

66association.Forexample,ababytouchesahotpotandstartstocry.Themothersays,“Hot,hot!”Andthebaby,whenitstopscrying,imitatesthemotherandsays,“Hot,hot!”However,NoamChomsky,afamousexpertinlanguage,pointedoutthatalthoughchildrendolearnsomewordsbyimitationandassociation,theyalsocombinewordstomakemeaningfulsentencesinwaysthatareunique,unlearnedandcreative.Becauseyoungchildrencanmakesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore,Chomskysuggestedthathumaninfantsarebornwiththeabilitytolearnlanguage.Chomskymeantthatunderneathallthedifferencesbetweenpublicandprivatelanguages,thereisauniversallanguagemechanismthatmakesitpossibleforus,asinfants,tolearnanylanguageintheworld.Thistheoryexplainsthepotentialthathumaninfantshaveforlearninglanguage.Butitdoesnotreallyexplainhowchildrencometouselanguageinparticularways.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question30.Whydoesthespeakersaytherearegreatpossibilitiesforcommunicationbreakdowns?Therearenumerouspublicandprivatelanguages.Question31.WhatisChomsky’spointontheabilitytolearnalanguage?Humaninfantsarebornwiththeabilitytolearnlanguageandthe

67potentialtolearnanylanguageintheworld.Question32.WhatdoesChomsky’stheoryfailtoexplainaccordingtothespeaker?Itdoesnotreallyexplainhowchildrencometouselanguageinparticularways.四级听力PassageThreeWhenUSspacewomanJoanHigginbothamisnotflyingandworkinginspace,shemightbefoundsomewhereonearthgivingaspeech.Higginbotham,whogrewupinChicagoandbecameanengineerbeforejoiningNASA,thatistheNationalAirandSpaceAdministration,givesaboutadozenspeechesayear.Eachspeechisdifferentbecauseshetailorsherremarkstoeachaudience.ThroughinterviewsandE-mails,shefindsoutinadvanceherlisteners'educationallevelandwhatinformationtheywanttoknow.Onthesubjectofspacewalks,forexample,audiencesvaryintheirinterestsandhowmuchcomplexitytheycancomprehend.Toelementaryschoolchildren,Higginbothammaydiscussaproblemthatmanykidswanttoknowabout."Howdospacemeninaspacesuiteat,drink,andgotothebathroom?"Heransweris“thespacesuitisreallyasmallspacecraftwithroomforfoodandwater-containers,andawaste-collectionsystem.”Toahighschool

68audience,shemightsatisfyacuriositythatoftenarisesinherpre-speechinterviewswithstudentswhoobviouslyhaveseenmanysciencefictionmovies.“Dospacemencarryweaponsincasetheyencounterenemiesinspace?”Heransweris"No".Toscientists,shemightprovidetechnicaldetailsonsuchtopicsasthedesignofspacesuitsthatprotectsspacemenfromthedeadlytemperatureextremesofspace.Justaselaboratepreparationisrequiredforsuccessinspace,Higginbothamsaysthatit’simportantforspeakerstolearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheirlistenersbeforeaspeechbecauseeveryaudienceisdifferent. 33.WhatdidJoanHigginbothamdobeforejoininginNASA?34.HowdoesHigginbothamprepareherspeechonspacewalks?35.Whatdoesthehighschoolaudiencewanttoknowaboutspacetravel?CompoundDictation:　　Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethetrendwillcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulti-culturalindustrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates.Butanewphenomenonhasappearedontheworldscene:rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnations

69thatpreviouslyreportedfewoffences.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape,murderandautotheftareclearlyrising,particularlyinEasternEuropeancountries,suchasHungary,andinWesternEuropeannations,suchastheUntiedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrimeexplosion?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still,therearecertainconditionsassociatedwithrisingcrime.Increasingheterogeneityofpopulation,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernments,changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowthandthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong.Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogenous,suchasJapan,DenmarkandGreece,arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthe21stcentury,andfailuretorecognizeandplanforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblems.2008.6.21英语四级听力原文材料(完整版)第一部分Nowlet'sbeginwiththeeightshortconversations.

70Q11.--Today'sabaddayforme.Ifelloffastepandtwistedmyankles.--Don'tworry.Usuallyankleinjurieshealquicklyifyoustopregularactivitiesforawhile.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?Q12.--MayIseeyourticket,please?Ithinkyouaresittinginmyseat.--Oh,you'reright.Myseatisinthebalcony.I'mterriblysorry.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?Q13.--DidyouhearJaySmithdiedinhissleeplastnight?--Yes,it'sverysad.Pleaseleteverybodyknowthatwhoeverwantstomayattendthefuneral.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Q14.--HaveyoutakenProfessorYoung'sexambefore?I'mkindofnervous.--Yes.Justconcentrateontheimportantideasshe'stalkedaboutintheclass,andignorethedetails.HowdoesthewomansuggestthemanprepareforProfessorYoung'sexam?Q15.--I'msosorry,sir.Andyou'llletmepaytohaveyourjacketcleaned,won'tyou?--That'sallright.Itcouldhappentoanyone.AndI'msurethatcoffeedoesn'tleavelastingmarksonclothing.Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?

71Q16.--Haveyouseenthemovie"thedeparted"?TheplotissocomplicatedthatIreallygotlost.--Yeah.Ifeltthesame.Butsecondtime,Icouldputallthepiecestogether.Howdidthetwospeakersfinethemovie?Q17.--I'mreallysurprisedyougotanAonthetest.Youdidn'tseemtohavedonealotofreading.--NowyouknowwhyInevermissalecture.Whatcontributetothewoman'shighscore?Q18.--Haveyouheardaboutthenewdigitaltelevisionsystem?Itletspeoplegetaboutfivehundredchannels.--Yeah,butIdoubtthatwillhaveanythingdifferentfromwhatwewatchnow.Whatdoesthemanmean?第二部分ConversationOneW:Gosh!HaveyouseenthisRichard?M:Seeingwhat?W:Inthepaper,itsaysthere’samangoingroundpretendinghe’sfromtheelectricityboard.He’sbeencallingatpeople’shomes,sayinghe’scometocheckthatalltheirappliancesaresafe.Thenhegetsaroundthemtomakehimacupofteaandwhiletheyareoutoftheroom,hestealstheirmoney,handbag,whateverandmakesoffwithit.M:ButyouknowJane,it’s

72partlytheirownfault.Youshouldneverletanyonelikethatinunlessyouareexpectingthem.W:It’sallverywelltosaythat,butsomeonecomestothedoorandsayselectricityorgas,andyouautomaticallythinktheyareok,especiallyiftheyflashacardtoyou.M:DoesthismanhaveanI.D.then?W:Yes,that’sjustit!Itseemsheusedtoworkfortheelectricityboardatonetime.Accordingtothepaper,thepolicearewarningpeople,especiallypensionersnottoadmitanyoneunlesstheyhaveanappointment.It’sabitsad.Oneoldladytoldthemshe’djustbeentothepostofficetodrawherpensionwhenhecalled.Shesaidhemusthavefollowedherhome.Hestolethewholelot.M:Butwhatdoeshelooklike?Surelytheymusthaveadescription.W:Oh,yes,theyhave.Let’ssee.Inhisthirties,tall,bushydarkhair,slightnorthernaccent,soundsabitlikeyouactually.Q19.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantoreadinthenewspaper?(Atheftcase)Q20.Howdidthemanmentionedinthenewspapertrytowinfurthertrustfromthevictims?(FlashinghisI.D.tothem)Q21.Whatisthewarningfromthepolice?(nottoadmitanyoneunlesstheyhaveanappointment)Q22.Whatdoesthewomanspeakertellusabouttheoldlady?(Herpensionhasbeenstolenbytheman)

73第三部分ConversationTwoM:MissJones,couldyoutellmemoreaboutyourfirstjobwithhotelmarketingconcepts?W:Yescertainly.Iwasamarketingconsultant,responsibleformarketingtenUKhotels.Theywereallluxuryhotelsintheleisuresector,allofaveryhighstandard.M:Whichmarketswereyouresponsiblefor?W:ForEuropeandJapan.M:IseefromyourresumethatyouspeakJapanese.HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?W:Yes,Ihave.IspentamonthinJapanin2006.Imetallthekeypeopleinthetouristindustry,thebigtouroperatorsandtouristorganizations.AsIspeakJapanese,Ihadaverybigadvantage.M:Yes,ofcourse.HaveyouhadanycontactwithJapaninyourpresentjob?W:Yes,I’vehadalot.ThetruthisIhavebecomeverypopularwiththeJapanese,bothforholidaysandforbusinessconferences.Infact,themarketforalltypesofluxuryholidaysfortheJapanesehasincreasedalotrecently.M:Really,I’minterestedtohearmoreaboutthat,butfirst,tellme,haveyouevertraveledonaluxurytrain?TheOrientExpress,forexample.W:NoIhaven’t,butIhavetraveledonaglacierexpresstoSwitzerlandandItraveledacrossChinabytrainabout8yearsago.Ilovetraintravel.That’swhyI’mveryinterestedinthisjob.Q23.Whatdidthewomandoinherfirstjob?(marketingconsultant)Q24.Whatgavethewomananadvantageduringherbusinesstripin

74Japan?(ShecanspeakJapanese)Q25.Whyisthewomanapplyingforthenewjob?(Shelovestraintravel.)第四部分SectionBPassageOneTime!Ithinkalotabouttime.Andnotjustbecauseit’sthenameofthenewsorganizationIworkfor.Likemostworkingpeople,Ifindtimeorthelackofitaneverendingfrustrationandanunwinnablebattle.MyeverydayisaraceagainsttheclockthatInevereverseemtowin.Thisishardlyalonesomecomplaint.AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute’snationalstudyofthechangingworkforce,fifty-fivepercentofemployeessaytheydon’thaveenoughtimeforthemselves,sixty-threepercentdon’thaveenoughtimefortheirspousesorpartners,andsixty-sevenpercentdon’thaveenoughtimefortheirchildren.It’salsonotanewcomplaint.Ibetourancestorsreturnedhomeformhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringnutsandcomplainedabouthowlittletimetheyhadtopayinbattlescenesontheircavewars.Thedifferenceisthatthebossofanimal-huntingandtheheadofnut-gatheringprobablytoldthemtoshutupornosurvivalforyou.Today’sworkersarestilldemandingcontrolovertheirtime.Thedifferenceistoday’sbossesarelistening.I’ve

75beenreadingareportissuedtodaycalled“WhenWorkWords”producedjointlybythreeorganizations.Theysetouttofindandawardtheemployerswhoemploythemostcreativeandmosteffectivewaystogivetheirworkersflexibility.Ifoundthisreportworthreadingandsuggesteverybossshouldreaditforideas.26.Whatisthespeakercomplainingabout?27.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutourancestors?28.Whydoesthespeakersuggestallbossesallbossesreadthereportbythethreeorganizations?PassageTwo“Lovingachildisacircularbusiness.Themoreyougive,themoreyouget,themoreyouwanttogive.”PenelopeLeachoncesaid.Whatshesaidprovestobetrueofmybloodedfamily.Iwasbornin1931.Astheyoungestofsixchildren,Ilearnedtosharemyparents’love.RaisingsixchildrenduringthedifficulttimesoftheGreatDepressiontookitstollonmyparent’srelationshipandresultedintheirdivorcewhenIwas18yearsold.Daddyneverhadverycloserelationshipswithhischildrenanddriftedevenfartherawayformusafterthedivorce.Severalyearslaterawonderfulwomancameintohislife,andtheyweremarried.Shehadtwosons,oneofthemstillathome.Underherinfluence,webecamea“blendedfamily”andagoodrelationshipdevelopedbetweenthetwofamilies.Shealwaystreatedusasifwewere

76herownchildren.Theysharedovertwenty-fiveyeartogetherbeforeourfatherpassedaway.Atthetimeofhisdeath,thequestioncameupofmymother-Daddy’sfirstwife—attendinghisfuneral.IwillneverforgettheunconditionalloveshownbymystepmotherwhenIaskedherifshewouldobjecttoMotherattendingDaddy’sfuneral.Withoutgivingitasecondthought,sheimmediatelyreplied,“Ofcoursenot,Honey.She’sthemotherofmychildren.”29.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcontributedtoherparent’sdivorce?30.Whatbroughtthefatherclosertohisownchildren?31.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyinthistale?PassageThreeInFebruarylastyear,mywifelostherjob.Justassuddenly,theownerofthegreenhousewhereIworkedasmanagerdiedatheartattack.Hisfamilyannouncedthattheyweregoingtoclosethebusinessbecausenooneinthefamilywantedtorunit.Thingslookedprettygloomy.MywifeandIreadthewantadseachday.Thenonemorning,asIwashangingoutthe“GoingOutofBusiness”signatthegreenhouse,thedooropened,andinwalkedacustomer.Shewasanofficemanagerwhosecompanyhadjustmovedintothenewofficeparkontheedgeoftown.Shewaslookingforpotsandplantstoplaceinthereceptionareasintheoffices.“Idon’tknowanythingaboutplants,”shesaid,“I’msureinafewweeksthey’llallbedead.”WhileIwashelpingherselecther

77purchases,mymindwasracing.Perhapsasmanyasadozenfirmshaverecentlyopenedofficesinthenewofficepark,andtherewereseveralhundredmoreacreswithconstructionunderway.Thatafternoon,Idroveouttotheofficepark.Bysixo’clockthatevening,Ihadsignedcontractswithsevencompaniestorentplantsfrommeandpaymeafeetomaintainthem.Withinaweek,Ihadworkedoutanagreementtoleasethegreenhousefromtheowner’sfamily.Businessisnowincreasingrapidly,andoneday,wehopetobetheproudownersofthegreenhouse.32.Whatdowelearnaboutthegreenhouse?33.Whatwasthespeakerdoingwhenthecustomerwalkedinonemorning?34.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofwhenservingtheofficemanager?35.Whatwasthespeaker’shopeforthefuture?SectionCWe’renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physicallabor,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekeyingredientsinthecreationofwealth.Now,thevitalrawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow’swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.Andindividualsenteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.

78Knowledgeworkerengageinmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:words,figures,anddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobegenerating,aswellasexchanginginformation.Currently,thereoutoffourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalikewillbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttrainingtoacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwithimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures.Youcanalsoexpecttobetakinggreatercontrolofyourcareer.Gonearethenine-to-fivejobs,lifetimesecurity,predictablepromotions,andeventheconventionalworkplace,asyouarefamiliarwith.Don’texpectthecompanieswillprovideyouwithaclearlydefinedcareerpath.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.2007年12月大学英语四级听力原文SectionAConversations　　ShortConversations11.W:IranintoSallytheotherday.Icouldhardlyrecognizeher.Doyou

79rememberherfromhighschool?　　M:Yeah,shewasalittleoutofshapebackthen.Well,hasshelostalotofweight?　　Q:WhatdoesthemanrememberofSally?12.W:Wedon’tseemtohaveareservationforyou,sir.I’msorry.　　M:Butmysecretarysaidthatshehadreservedaroomformehere.IphonedherfromtheairportthismorningjustbeforeIgotonboardtheplane.　　Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?13.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?　　M:IfPaulweremyson,I’djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandhe'sworkinghardhimself,he’ssuretodowellinthenextexam.　　Q:What’stheman’ssuggestiontothewoman?14.M:You’vehadyourhandsfullandhavebeenoverworkedduringthelasttwoweeks.Ithinkyoureallyneedtogooutandgetsomefreshairandsunshine.　　W:Youareright.That’sjustwhatI’mthinkingabout.　　Q:Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtodo?

8015.W:Hello,John.Howareyoufeelingnow?Ihearyou’vebeenill.　　M:TheymusthaveconfusedmewithmytwinbrotherRods.He’sbeensickallweek,butI’veneverfeltbetterinmylife.　　Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?16.M:Didyoureallygiveawayallyourfurniturewhenyoumovedintothenewhouselastmonth?　　W:Justtheuselesspieces,asI’mplanningtopurchaseanewsetfromItalyforthesittingroomonly.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?17.M:I’vebroughtbackyourOxfordCompaniontoEnglishLiterature.Ithoughtyoumightuseitforyourpaper.Sorrynottohavereturneditearlier.　　W:Iwaswonderingwherethatbookwas.　　Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?18.W:Totellthetruth,Tony,itneveroccurstomethatyouareanathlete.　　M:Oh,really?Mostpeoplewhomeetme,includingsomefriendsofmine,don’tthinksoeither.　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

81LongConversations　　Conversation1　　M:Mary,Ihopeyou'repackedandreadytoleave.　　W:Yes,I’mpacked,butnotquiteready.Ican’tfindmypassport.　　M:Yourpassport?That’stheonethingyoumustn’tleavebehind.　　W:Iknow.Ihaven’tlostit.I’vepackedit,butIcan’trememberwhichbagit’sin.　　M:Well,youhavetofinditattheairport.Comeon,thetaxiiswaiting.　　W:Didyousaytaxi?Ithoughtweweregoinginyourcar.　　M:Yes,well,Ihaveplannedto,butI’llexplainlater.You’vegottobethereinanhour.　　W:Theplanedoesn’tleavefortwohours.Anyway,I’mreadytogonow.　　M:Now,you'retakingjustonecase,isthatright?　　W:No,thereisoneinthehallaswell.　　M:Gosh,whatalotofstuff!You'retakingenoughforamonthinsteadofaweek.　　W:Well,youcan’tdependontheweather.Itmightbecold.　　M:It’snevercoldinRome.CertainlynotinMay.Comeon,wereallymustgo.　　W:Right,we'reready.We’vegotthebags,I’msurethere'snoneed

82torush.　　M:Thereis.Iaskedthetaxidrivertowaittwominutes,nottwenty.　　W:Look,I’msupposedtobegoingawaytorelax.You'remakingmenervous.　　M:Well,Iwantyoutorelaxonholiday,butyoucan’trelaxyet.　　W:OK,Ipromisenottorelax,atleastnotuntilwegettotheairportandIfindmypassport.　　Questions19-22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　Q19:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherpassport?　　Q20:Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’strip?　　Q21:Whydoesthemanurgethewomantohurry?　　Q22:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?Conversation2　　W:Oh,I’mfedupwithmyjob.　　M:Hey,there'saperfectjobforyouinthepapertoday.Youmightbeinterested.　　W:Oh,whatisit?Whatdotheywant?　　M:Waitaminute.Uh,hereitis.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyisrecruitingtranslators.　　W:TheEuropeanSpaceAgency?　　M:Well,that’swhatitsays.TheyneedanEnglishtranslatortowork

83fromFrenchorGerman.　　W:SotheyneedadegreeinFrenchorGerman,Isuppose.Well,I’vegotthat.What’smore,Ihaveplentyofexperience.Whatelsearetheyaskingfor?　　M:Justthat.Auniversitydegreeandthreeorfouryearsofexperienceasatranslatorinaprofessionalenvironment.Theyalsosaythepersonshouldhavealivelyandinquiringmind,effectivecommunicationskillsandtheabilitytoworkindividuallyorasapartoftheteam.　　W:Well,ifIstayatmypresentjobmuchlonger,Iwon’thaveanymindorskillsleft.Bytheway,whataboutsalary?Ijusthopeitisn’tlowerthanwhatIgetnow.　　M:It’ssaidtobenegotiable.Itdependsontheapplicant’seducationandexperience.Inadditiontobasicsalary,there'salistofextrabenefits.Havealookyourself.　　W:Hm,travelandsocialsecurityplusrelocationexpensesarepaid.Hey,thisisn’tbad.Ireallywantthejob.　　Questions23-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　Q23:Whyisthewomantryingtofindanewjob?　　Q24:Whatpositionisbeingadvertisedinthepaper?　　Q25:Whatarethekeyfactorsthatdeterminethesalaryofthenewposition?

84SectionBShortPassages　　Passage1　　Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimes,however,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Inthiscase,theymaydecidetoadoptachild.Infact,adoptionisverycommontoday.Thereareabout60thousandadoptionseachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Somepeopleprefertoadoptinfants,othersadoptolderchildren,somecouplesadoptchildrenfromtheirowncountries,othersadoptchildrenfromforeigncountries.Inanycase,theyalladoptchildrenforthesamereason----theycareaboutchildrenandwanttogivetheiradoptedchildahappylife.　　Mostadoptedchildrenknowthattheyareadopted.Psychologistsandchild-careexpertsgenerallythinkthisisagoodidea.However,manyadoptedchildrenoradopteeshaveverylittleinformationabouttheirbiologicalparents.Asamatteroffact,itisoftenverydifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparentsbecausethebirthrecordsofmostadopteesareusuallysealed.Theinformationissecretsonoonecanseeit.Naturally,adoptedchildrenhavedifferentfeelingsabouttheirbirthparents.Manyadopteeswanttosearchforthem,butothersdonot.Thedecisiontosearchforbirthparentsisadifficultonetomake.Mostadopteeshavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirbiologicalparents.Even

85thoughadopteesdonotknowabouttheirnaturalparents,theydoknowthattheiradoptedparentswantthem,lovethemandwillcareforthem.　　Questions26-29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.Accordingtothespeaker,whydosomecouplesadoptchildren?　　27.Whyisitdifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents?　　28.Whydomanyadopteesfindithardtomakethedecisiontosearchfortheirbirthparents?　　29.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Passage2　　KatherineGramgraduatedfromUniversityofChicagoin1938andgotajobasanewsreporterinSanFrancisco.Katherine’sfatherusedtobeasuccessfulinvestmentbanker.In1933,heboughtafailingnewspaper,theWashingtonPost.　　ThenKatherinereturnedtoWashingtonandgotajob,editinglettersinherfather’snewspaper.ShemarriedPhilipGram,whotookoverhisfather-in-law’spositionshortlyafterandbecamepublisheroftheWashingtonPost.Butformanyyears,herhusbandsufferedfrommentalillnessandhekilledhimselfin1963.Afterherhusband’sdeath,Katherineoperatedthenewspaper.Inthe1970s,thenewspaperbecamefamousaroundtheworldandKatherinewasalsorecognizedasan

86importantleaderinnewspaperpublishing.ShewasthefirstwomantoheadamajorAmericanpublishingcompany,theWashingtonPostcompany.Inafewyears,shesuccessfullyexpandedthecompanytoincludenewspaper,magazine,broadcastandcablecompanies.　　Shediedofheadinjuriesafterafallwhenshewas84.Morethan3thousandpeopleattendedherfuneralincludingmanygovernmentandbusinessleaders.HerfriendssaidshewouldberememberedasawomanwhohadanimportantinfluenceoneventsintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Katherineoncewrote,“Theworldwithoutnewspaperswouldnotbethesamekindofworld”.Afterherdeath,theemployeesoftheWashingtonPostwrote,“TheworldwithoutKatherinewouldnotbethesameatall.”　　Questions30-32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutKatherine’sfather?　　31.WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutKatherineGram?　　32.WhatdoesthecommentbyemployeesoftheWashingtonPostsuggest?Passage3　　Obtaininggoodhealthinsuranceisarealnecessitywhileyouarestudyingoverseas.Itprotectsyoufromminorandmajormedical

87expensesthatcanwipeoutnotonlyyoursavingsbutyourdreamsofaneducationabroad.Thereareoftentwodifferenttypesofhealthinsuranceyoucanconsiderbuying,internationaltravelinsuranceandstudentinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillbegoing.　　Aninternationaltravelinsurancepolicyisusuallypurchasedinyourhomecountrybeforeyougoabroad.Itgenerallycoversawidevarietyofmedicalservicesandyouareoftengivenalistofdoctorsintheareawhereyouwilltravelwhomayevenspeakyournativelanguage.Thedrawbackmightbethatyoumaynotgetyourmoneybackimmediately,inotherwords,youmayhavetopayallyoumedicalexpensesandthenlatersubmityourreceiptstotheinsurancecompany.　　Ontheotherhand,gettingstudentheathinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillstudymightallowyoutoonlypayacertainpercentageofthemedicalcostatthetimeofserviceandthusyoudon’thavetohavesufficientcashtopaytheentirebillatonce.Whateveryoudecide,obtainingsomeformofhealthinsuranceissomethingyoushouldconsiderbeforeyougooverseas.Youshouldn’twaituntilyouaresickwithmajormedicalbillstopayoff.　　Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.Whydoesthespeakeradviceoverseasstudentstobuyhealth

88insurance?　　34.Whatisthedrawbackofstudentsbuyinginternationaltravelinsurance?　　35.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutstudentsgettinghealthinsuranceinthecountrywheretheywillstudy?SectionCCompoundDictation　　Moreandmoreoftheworld’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesisalarming.Between1920and1960,bigcitiesindevelopedcountriesincreasedtwoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.Thesheersizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsoverydisturbingsignsoftroubleinthecomparisonofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthe19thcentury,citiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEurope,theproportionofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkforceworkinginfactories.Now,however,thereverseisalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwater

89suppliesorotherfacilities.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.2007年6月听力原文及答案11.W:Didyouwatchthe7o*clockprogramonchannel2yesterdayevening?Iwasabouttowatchitwhensomeonecametoseeme.M:Yeah!Itreportedsomemajorbreakthroughincancerresearch.Peopleover40wouldfindaprogramworthwatching.Q:WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationabouttheTVprogram?12.W:IwonafirstprizeintheNationalWritingContestandIgotthiscameraasanawardsIM:It'sagoodcamera!Youcantakeitwhenyoutravel.Ihadnoideayouwereamarvelouswriter.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?13.M:IwishIhadn'tthrownawaythatreadinglist!W:Ithoughyoumightregretit.That*swhyIpickeditupfromthewastepaperbasketandleftitonthedesk.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.W:Areyoustillteachingatthejuniorhighschool?

90M:NotsinceJune.MybrotherandIopenedarestaurantassoonashegotoutofthearmy.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?15.M:Hi,Susan!HaveyoufinishedreadingthebookProfessorJohnsoirecommended?W:Oh,Ihaven'treaditthroughthewayIreadanovel.Ijustreadafewchapterswhichinterestedme.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?16.M:Janemissedtheclassagain,didn*tshe?Iwonderwhy?W:Well,Iknewshehadbeenabsentallweek.SoIcalledherthismorningtoseeifshewassick.Itturnedoutthatherhusbandwasbadlyinjuredinacaraccident.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutJane?17.W:I'msuretheSmiths'newhouseissomewhereonthestreet,butIdon‘tknowexactlywhereitis.M:ButI’mtoldit'stwoblocksfromtheiroldhome.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?18.W:I’vebeenwaitingherealmosthalfanhour!Howcomeittookyousolong?M:Sorry,honey!IhadtodrivetwoblocksbeforeIspottedaplacetoparkthecar.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

912007年6月四级听力长对话原文ConversationOne:M:Hello,Ihaveareservationfortonight.W:Yourname,please.M:Nelson,CharlesNelson.W:Ok,Mr.Nelson.That'saroomforfiveand...M:Butexcuseme,youmeanaroomforfivepounds?Ididn'tknowthespecialwassogood.W:No,no,holdno-accordingtoourrecords,aroomfor5guestswasbookedunderyourname.M:No,no---holdon.Youmusthavetwoguestsunderthename.W:Ok,letmecheckthisagain.Oh,hereweare.M:Yeah?W:CharlesNelson,aroomforoneforthe19th...M:Wait,wait.It'sfortonight,nottomorrownight.W:Em...,Idon'tthinkwehaveanyroomsfortonight.There'saconferencegoingonintownand---er,let'ssee...yeah,norooms.M:Oh,comeon!Youmusthavesomething,anything!W:Well,let---letmecheckmycomputerhere...Ah!M:What?M:Oh,comeon!Youmusthavesomething,anything!

92W:Therehasbeenacancellationforthisevening.Ahoneymoonsuiteisnowavailable.M:Great,I'IItakeit.W:But,I'IIhavetochargeyou150poundsforthenight.M:What?Ishouldhaveadiscountfortheinconvenience!W:Well,thebestIcangiveyouisa10%discountplusaticketforafreecontinentbreakfast.M:Hey,isn'tthebreakfastfreeanyway?W:Well,onlyonweekends.M:Iwanttotalktothemanager.W:Wait,wait,wait...Mr.Nelson,IthinkIcangiveyouanadditional15%discount...Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyou’vejustheard:19.What'stheman'sproblem?20.Whydidthehotelclerksaytheydidn’t'thaveanyroomsforthatnight?21.Whatdidtheclerksayaboutthebreakfastinthehotel?22.Whatdidthemanimplyhewoulddoattheendoftheconversation?ConversationTwo:M:Sarah,youworkintheadmissionsoffice,don’tyou?W:Yes,I'vebeenheretenyearsasassistantdirector.

93M:Really?Whatdoesthatinvolve?W:Well,Tminchargeofalltheadmissionsofpostgraduatestudentsintheuniversity.M:Onlypostgraduates?W:Yes,postgraduatesonly.Ihavenothingatalltodowithundergraduates.M:Doyoufindthatyougetparticular-sortof...differentnationalgroups?Imean,doyougetlargenumbersfromLatinAmericaor...W:Yes.Well,ofallthestudentsenrolledlastyear,nearlyhalfwerefromoverseas.TheywerefromAfricancountries,theFarEast,theMiddleEast,andLatinAmerica.M:Em.Buthaveyoubeendoingjustthatforthelast10years,or,haveyoudoneotherthings?W:Well,I'vebeendoingthesamejob.Er,beforethat,IwassecretaryofthemedicalschoolatBirmingham,andfurtherback,Iworkedinthelocalgovernment.M:Oh,Isee.W:SoT’vedonedifferenttypesofthings.M:Yes,indeed.Howdoyouimagineyourjobmightdevelopinthefuture?Canyouimagineshiftingintoadifferentkindofresponsibilityordoingsomething...

94W:Oh,yeah,fromOctober1,I'IIbedoinganentirelydifferentjob.There'sgoingtobemorecommitteework.Imean,morepolicywork,andlessdealingwithstudents,unfortunately-TIImissmycontactwithstudents.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyou'vejustheard:23.Whatisthewoman'spresentposition?24.Whatdowelearnaboutthepostgraduatesenrolledlastyearinthewoman'suniversity?25.Whatwillthewoman'snewjobbelike?复合式听写原文Students'pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsarewellmeaning,butsomeofthemaren'iveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershaveinadjustingtocollege.Andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren'sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennotawareofthekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon'trealizethatthecompetitioniskeener,thattherequiredstandardsofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.AccustomedtoseeingA'sandB'sonthehighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren'sfirstsemestercollegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymaygentlyinquirewhyJohnorMaryisn'tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistrying

95ashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.Attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollege,orcutofffunds.Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselves,andthinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives.Intheirinvolvementandidentificationwiththeirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferent,andthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,whoarenowyoungadults,mustbetheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare.参考答案：SectionCcompounddictation36meaning37adjusting38aware39competition40standards41accustomed42semester43inquire44attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollegeorcutofffunds.45thinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives.46whoarenowyoungadults,mustbetheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare..

962006年12月23日英语新四级听力原文（文字版）  SectionA:Conversations　　1.ShortConversations11.M:Christmasisaroundthecorner.AndI’mlookingforagiftformygirlfriend.Anysuggestions?　　W:Wellyouhavetotellmesomethingaboutyourgirlfriendfirst.Also,what’syourbudget?　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?12.M:Whatwouldyoulikefordessert?IthinkI’llhaveapplepieandicecream.　　W:Thechocolatecakelooksgreat,butIhavetowatchmyweight.Yougoaheadandgetyours.　　Q:Whatwouldthewomanmostprobablydo?13.W:Havingvisitedsomanycountries,youmustbeabletospeakseveraldifferentlanguages.　　M:IwishIcould.ButJapaneseandofcourseEnglisharetheonlylanguagesIcanspeak.　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:ProfessorSmithaskedmetogotohisofficeafterclass.Soit’simpossibleformetomakeittothebaratten.　　W:Thenitseemsthatwe’llhavetomeetanhourlateratthelibrary.　　Q:Whatwillthemandofirstafter

97class?15.M:It’salready11now.DoyoumeanIoughttowaituntilMr.Bloomcomesbackfromtheclass?　　W:Notreally.Youcanjustleaveanote.I’llgiveittoherlater.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?16.M:HowisJohnnow?Ishefeelinganybetter?　　W:Notyet.Itstillseemsimpossibletomakehimsmile.Talkingtohimisreallydifficultandhegetsupseteasilyoverlittlethings.　　Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohnfromtheconversation?17.M:Dowehavetogettheoperaticketsinadvance?　　W:Certainly.Ticketsatthedoorareusuallysoldatahigherprice.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?　　18.M:Thetaxidrivermusthavebeenspeeding.　　W:Well,notreally.Hecrashedintothetreebecausehewastryingnottohitaboxthathadfallenoffthetruckaheadofhim.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetaxidriver?　　2.LongConversations:　　Conversation1　　W:Hey,Bob,guesswhat?I’mgoingtovisitQuebecnextsummer.I’minvitedtogotoafriend’swedding.　　ButwhileI’mthereI’dalsoliketodosomesightseeing.　　M:That’snice,Shelly.ButdoyoumeantheprovinceofQuebec,orQuebecCity

98?W:Imeantheprovince.Myfriend’sweddingisinMontreal.I’mgoingtherefirst.I’llstayforfivedays.IsMontrealthecapitalcityoftheprovince?　　M:Well,Manypeoplethinksobecauseit’sthebiggestcity.Butit’snotthecapital.QuebecCityis.ButMontrealisgreat.TheSaintRoyalRiverrunsrightthroughthemiddleofthecity.It’sbeautifulinsummer.　　W:Wow,anddoyouthinkIcangetbyinEnglish?MyFrenchisOK,butnotthatgood.IknowmostpeopletherespeakFrench,butcanIalsouseEnglish?　　M:Well,PeoplespeakbothFrenchandEnglishthere.Butyou’llhearFrenchmostofthetime.AndallthestreetsignsareinFrench.Infact,MontrealisthethirdlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld.Soyou’dbetterpracticeyourFrenchbeforeyougo.　　W:Goodadvice.WhataboutQuebecCity?I’llvisitafriendfromcollegewholivestherenow.What’sitlike?　　M:It’sabeautifulcity,veryold.Manyoldbuildingshavebeennicelyrestored.Someofthemwerebuiltinthe17thor18thcenturies.You’lllovethere.　　W:Fantastic.Ican’twaittogo.　　Questions:　　19.What’sthewoman’smainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?　　20.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodobeforethe

99trip?　　21.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheQuebecCity?　　Conversation2　　M:Hi,MissRowling,howoldwereyouwhenyoustartedtowrite?Andwhatwasyourfirstbook?　　W:IwrotemyfirstFinnish(finished)storywhenIwasaboutsix.Itwasaboutasmallanimal,arabbit,Imean.AndI’vebeenwritingeversince?　　M:Whydidyouchoosetobeanauthor?　　W:Ifsomeoneaskedmehowtoachievehappiness.StepOnewouldbefindingoutwhatyoulovedoingmost.Steptwowouldbefindingsomeonetopayyoutodothis.Iconsidermyselfveryluckyindeedtobeabletosupportmyselfbywriting　　M:Doyouhaveanyplanstowritebooksforadults?　　W:Myfirsttwonovelswereforadults.IsupposeImightwriteanotherone.ButIneverreallyimagineatargetaudiencewhenI’mwriting.Theideascomefirst.Soitreallydependsontheideasthatgraspmenext.　　M:wheredidtheideasforthe“HarryPotter”bookscomefrom?　　I’venoideaswheretheideascamefrom.AndIhopeI’llneverfindout.ItwouldspoilmyexcitementifitturnedoutIjusthaveafunnywrinkleonthesurfaceofmybrain,whichmakesmethinkabouttheinvisibletrain

100platform.　　M:Howdidyoucomeupwiththenamesofyourcharacters?　　Iinventedsomeofthem.ButIalsocollectedstrangenames.I’vegotonefromancientsaints,maps,dictionaries,plants,warmemoirsandpeopleImet.　　M:Oh,youarereallyresourceful.　　Questions:　　22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMissRowling’sfirstbook?　　23.WhydoesMissRowlingconsiderhersoverylucky?　　24.WhatdictatesMissRowling’swriting?　　25.AccordingtoMissRowlingwheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPorterbooks?　　SectionB:Passages　　Passage1　　Reducingtheamountofsleepstudentsgetatnighthasadirectimpactontheirperformanceatschoolduringtheday.Accordingtoclassroomteachers,elementaryandmiddleschoolstudentswhostayuplateexhibitmorelearningandattentionproblems.ThishasbeenshownbyBrownMedicalSchoolandBradleyHospitalresearch.Inthestudy,teacherswerenottoldtheamountofsleepstudentsreceivedwhencompletingweeklyperformancereports,yettheyratedthestudentswhohadreceivedeighthoursorlessashavingthemosttroublerecallingall

101thematerial，learningnewlessonsandcompletinghigh-qualitywork.Teachersalsoreportedthatthesestudentshadmoredifficultypayingattention.Theexperimentisthefirsttoaskteacherstoreportontheeffectsofsleepdeficiencyinchildren.Juststayinguplatecancauseincreasedacademicdifficultyandattentionproblemsforotherwisehealthy,well-functioningkids,saidGarharnForlone,thestudy’sleadauthor.Sotheresultsprovideprofessionalsandparentswithaclearmessage:whenachildishavinglearningandattentionproblems,theissueofsleephastobetakenintoconsideration.“Ifwedon’taskaboutsleep,andtrytoimprovesleeppatternsinkids’strugglingacademically,thenwearen’tdoingourjob”,Forlonesaid.Forparents,hesaid,themessageissimple,“gettingkidstobedontimeisasimportantasgettingthemtoschoolontime”.　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question26:Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?　　Question27:Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcaninsufficientsleepcauseinstudents?　　Question28:Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?　　Passage2　　PatriciaPanianeverwantedtobeapublicfigure.Allshewantedtobewasamotherandhome-maker.Butherlifewasturnedupsidedown

102whenamotorist,distractedbyhiscellphone,ranastopsignandcrashedintothesideofhercar.Theimpactkilledher2-year-olddaughter.Fourmonthslater,Paniareluctantlybutcourageouslydecidedtotrytoeducatethepublicandtofightforlawstobandriversfromusingcellphoneswhileacarismoving.Shewantedtosaveotherchildrenfromwhathappenedtoherdaughter.Inherfirstspeech,Paniagotofftoashakystart.Shewasvisiblytremblingandhervoicewassoftanduncertain.Butasshegotintoherspeech,adramatictransformationtookplace.Shestoppedshakingandspokewithastrongvoice.Fortherestofhertalk,shewasaforcefulandcompellingspeaker.Shewantedeveryoneintheaudiencetoknowwhatsheknewwithouthavingtolearnitfromapersonaltragedy.Manyintheaudienceweremovedtotearsandtoaction.Insubsequentpresentations,Paniagainedreputationasahighlyeffectivespeaker.Herappearanceonatalkshowwasbroadcastthreetimes,transmittinghermessagetoover40millionpeople.Hercampaignincreasedpublicawarenessoftheproblem,andpromptedover300citiesandseveralstatestoconsiderrestrictionsoncellphoneuse.　　Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question29:WhatwasthesignificantchangeinPatriciaPania’slife?　　Question30:WhathadledtoPania’spersonaltragedy?　　Question31:HowdidPaniafeelwhenshebeganherfirstspeech?　　Question32:WhatcouldbeexpectedasaresultofPania’s

103efforts?　　Passage3　　Manypeoplecatchacoldinthespringtimeorfall.Itmakesuswonderifscientistscansendamantothemoon.Whycan’ttheyfindacureforthecommoncold?Theansweriseasy.There’reactuallyhundredsofkindsofcoldvirusesoutthere.Youneverknowwhichoneyouwillget,sothereisn’tacureforeachone.Whenavirusattacksyourbody,yourbodyworkshardtogetridofit.Bloodrushestoyournoseandcausesablockadeinit.Youfeelterriblebecauseyoucan’tbreathewell,butyourbodyisactuallyeatingthevirus.Yourtemperaturerisesandyougetafever,buttheheatofyourbodyiskillingthevirus.Youalsohavearunningnosetostopthevirusfromgettingintoyourcells.Youmayfeelmiserable,butactuallyyourwonderfulbodyisdoingeverythingitcantokillthecold.Differentpeoplehavedifferentremediesforcolds.IntheUnitedStatesandsomeothercountries,forexample,peoplemighteatchickensouptofeelbetter.Somepeopletakehotbathanddrinkwarmliquids.Otherpeopletakemedicinestorelievevarioussymptomsofcolds.Therewasoneinterestingthingtonote.Somescientistssaytakingmedicineswhenyouhaveacoldisactuallybadforyou.Thevirusstaysinyoulonger,becauseyourbodydoesn’tdevelopawaytofightitandkillit.　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question33:Accordingtothepassage,whyhaven’tscientistsfound

104acureforthecommoncold?　　Question34:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesymptomsofthecommoncold?　　Question35:Whatdosomescientistssayabouttakingmedicinesforthecommoncold,accordingtothepassage?　　SectionC:Compounddictation:　　Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisverynatural.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsofusage:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisnoexception.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouuseaparticularlevel.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,referencebooksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsandessaysthatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwithcolleagues,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewritepersonalnotesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please”,buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay“Wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.Thereareboundtobe

105somewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriend,Imightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer”,butifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer”.2006年12月23日英语新四级听力原文（文字版）SectionA:Conversations1.ShortConversations11.M:Christmasisaroundthecorner.AndI’mlookingforagiftformygirlfriend.Anysuggestions?W:Wellyouhavetotellmesomethingaboutyourgirlfriendfirst.Also,what’syourbudget?　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?12.M:Whatwouldyoulikefordessert?IthinkI’llhaveapplepieandicecream.　　W:Thechocolatecakelooksgreat,butIhavetowatchmyweight.Yougoaheadandgetyours.　　Q:Whatwouldthewomanmostprobablydo?13.W:Havingvisitedsomanycountries,youmustbeabletospeakseveraldifferentlanguages.　　M:IwishIcould.ButJapaneseandofcourseEnglisharetheonly

106languagesIcanspeak.　　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:ProfessorSmithaskedmetogotohisofficeafterclass.Soit’simpossibleformetomakeittothebaratten.　　W:Thenitseemsthatwe’llhavetomeetanhourlateratthelibrary.　　Q:Whatwillthemandofirstafterclass?15.M:It’salready11now.DoyoumeanIoughttowaituntilMr.Bloomcomesbackfromtheclass?　　W:Notreally.Youcanjustleaveanote.I’llgiveittoherlater.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?16.M:HowisJohnnow?Ishefeelinganybetter?　　W:Notyet.Itstillseemsimpossibletomakehimsmile.Talkingtohimisreallydifficultandhegetsupseteasilyoverlittlethings.　　Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohnfromtheconversation?17.M:Dowehavetogettheoperaticketsinadvance?　　W:Certainly.Ticketsatthedoorareusuallysoldatahigherprice.　　Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?18.M:Thetaxidrivermusthavebeenspeeding.　　W:Well,notreally.Hecrashedintothetreebecausehewastryingnottohitaboxthathadfallenoffthetruckaheadofhim.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetaxidriver?　　2.LongConversations:

107　　Conversation1　　W:Hey,Bob,guesswhat?I’mgoingtovisitQuebecnextsummer.I’minvitedtogotoafriend’swedding.　　ButwhileI’mthereI’dalsoliketodosomesightseeing.　　M:That’snice,Shelly.ButdoyoumeantheprovinceofQuebec,orQuebecCity?W:Imeantheprovince.Myfriend’sweddingisinMontreal.I’mgoingtherefirst.I’llstayforfivedays.IsMontrealthecapitalcityoftheprovince?　　M:Well,Manypeoplethinksobecauseit’sthebiggestcity.Butit’snotthecapital.QuebecCityis.ButMontrealisgreat.TheSaintRoyalRiverrunsrightthroughthemiddleofthecity.It’sbeautifulinsummer.　　W:Wow,anddoyouthinkIcangetbyinEnglish?MyFrenchisOK,butnotthatgood.IknowmostpeopletherespeakFrench,butcanIalsouseEnglish?　　M:Well,PeoplespeakbothFrenchandEnglishthere.Butyou’llhearFrenchmostofthetime.AndallthestreetsignsareinFrench.Infact,MontrealisthethirdlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld.Soyou’dbetterpracticeyourFrenchbeforeyougo.　　W:Goodadvice.WhataboutQuebecCity?I’llvisitafriendfromcollegewholivestherenow.What’sitlike?　　M:It’sabeautifulcity,veryold.Manyoldbuildingshavebeen

108nicelyrestored.Someofthemwerebuiltinthe17thor18thcenturies.You’lllovethere.　　W:Fantastic.Ican’twaittogo.　　Questions:　　19.What’sthewoman’smainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?　　20.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodobeforethetrip?　　21.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheQuebecCity?　　Conversation2　　M:Hi,MissRowling,howoldwereyouwhenyoustartedtowrite?Andwhatwasyourfirstbook?　　W:IwrotemyfirstFinnish(finished)storywhenIwasaboutsix.Itwasaboutasmallanimal,arabbit,Imean.AndI’vebeenwritingeversince?　　M:Whydidyouchoosetobeanauthor?　　W:Ifsomeoneaskedmehowtoachievehappiness.StepOnewouldbefindingoutwhatyoulovedoingmost.Steptwowouldbefindingsomeonetopayyoutodothis.Iconsidermyselfveryluckyindeedtobeabletosupportmyselfbywriting　　M:Doyouhaveanyplanstowritebooksforadults?　　W:Myfirsttwonovelswereforadults.IsupposeImightwriteanotherone.ButIneverreallyimagineatargetaudiencewhenI’mwriting.Theideascomefirst.Soitreallydependsontheideasthatgrasp

109menext.　　M:wheredidtheideasforthe“HarryPotter”bookscomefrom?　　I’venoideaswheretheideascamefrom.AndIhopeI’llneverfindout.ItwouldspoilmyexcitementifitturnedoutIjusthaveafunnywrinkleonthesurfaceofmybrain,whichmakesmethinkabouttheinvisibletrainplatform.　　M:Howdidyoucomeupwiththenamesofyourcharacters?　　Iinventedsomeofthem.ButIalsocollectedstrangenames.I’vegotonefromancientsaints,maps,dictionaries,plants,warmemoirsandpeopleImet.　　M:Oh,youarereallyresourceful.　　Questions:　　22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMissRowling’sfirstbook?　　23.WhydoesMissRowlingconsiderhersoverylucky?　　24.WhatdictatesMissRowling’swriting?　　25.AccordingtoMissRowlingwheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPorterbooks?　　SectionB:Passages　　Passage1　　Reducingtheamountofsleepstudentsgetatnighthasadirectimpactontheirperformanceatschoolduringtheday.Accordingto

110classroomteachers,elementaryandmiddleschoolstudentswhostayuplateexhibitmorelearningandattentionproblems.ThishasbeenshownbyBrownMedicalSchoolandBradleyHospitalresearch.Inthestudy,teacherswerenottoldtheamountofsleepstudentsreceivedwhencompletingweeklyperformancereports,yettheyratedthestudentswhohadreceivedeighthoursorlessashavingthemosttroublerecallingallthematerial，learningnewlessonsandcompletinghigh-qualitywork.Teachersalsoreportedthatthesestudentshadmoredifficultypayingattention.Theexperimentisthefirsttoaskteacherstoreportontheeffectsofsleepdeficiencyinchildren.Juststayinguplatecancauseincreasedacademicdifficultyandattentionproblemsforotherwisehealthy,well-functioningkids,saidGarharnForlone,thestudy’sleadauthor.Sotheresultsprovideprofessionalsandparentswithaclearmessage:whenachildishavinglearningandattentionproblems,theissueofsleephastobetakenintoconsideration.“Ifwedon’taskaboutsleep,andtrytoimprovesleeppatternsinkids’strugglingacademically,thenwearen’tdoingourjob”,Forlonesaid.Forparents,hesaid,themessageissimple,“gettingkidstobedontimeisasimportantasgettingthemtoschoolontime”.　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question26:Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?　　Question27:Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcan

111insufficientsleepcauseinstudents?　　Question28:Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?　　Passage2　　PatriciaPanianeverwantedtobeapublicfigure.Allshewantedtobewasamotherandhome-maker.Butherlifewasturnedupsidedownwhenamotorist,distractedbyhiscellphone,ranastopsignandcrashedintothesideofhercar.Theimpactkilledher2-year-olddaughter.Fourmonthslater,Paniareluctantlybutcourageouslydecidedtotrytoeducatethepublicandtofightforlawstobandriversfromusingcellphoneswhileacarismoving.Shewantedtosaveotherchildrenfromwhathappenedtoherdaughter.Inherfirstspeech,Paniagotofftoashakystart.Shewasvisiblytremblingandhervoicewassoftanduncertain.Butasshegotintoherspeech,adramatictransformationtookplace.Shestoppedshakingandspokewithastrongvoice.Fortherestofhertalk,shewasaforcefulandcompellingspeaker.Shewantedeveryoneintheaudiencetoknowwhatsheknewwithouthavingtolearnitfromapersonaltragedy.Manyintheaudienceweremovedtotearsandtoaction.Insubsequentpresentations,Paniagainedreputationasahighlyeffectivespeaker.Herappearanceonatalkshowwasbroadcastthreetimes,transmittinghermessagetoover40millionpeople.Hercampaignincreasedpublicawarenessoftheproblem,andpromptedover300cities

112andseveralstatestoconsiderrestrictionsoncellphoneuse.　　Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question29:WhatwasthesignificantchangeinPatriciaPania’slife?　　Question30:WhathadledtoPania’spersonaltragedy?　　Question31:HowdidPaniafeelwhenshebeganherfirstspeech?　　Question32:WhatcouldbeexpectedasaresultofPania’sefforts?　　Passage3　　Manypeoplecatchacoldinthespringtimeorfall.Itmakesuswonderifscientistscansendamantothemoon.Whycan’ttheyfindacureforthecommoncold?Theansweriseasy.There’reactuallyhundredsofkindsofcoldvirusesoutthere.Youneverknowwhichoneyouwillget,sothereisn’tacureforeachone.Whenavirusattacksyourbody,yourbodyworkshardtogetridofit.Bloodrushestoyournoseandcausesablockadeinit.Youfeelterriblebecauseyoucan’tbreathewell,butyourbodyisactuallyeatingthevirus.Yourtemperaturerisesandyougetafever,buttheheatofyourbodyiskillingthevirus.Youalsohavearunningnosetostopthevirusfromgettingintoyourcells.Youmayfeelmiserable,butactuallyyourwonderfulbodyisdoingeverythingitcantokillthecold.Differentpeoplehavedifferentremediesforcolds.IntheUnitedStatesandsomeothercountries,forexample,peoplemighteatchickensouptofeelbetter.Somepeopletakehotbathanddrinkwarmliquids.Otherpeopletakemedicinestorelievevarious

113symptomsofcolds.Therewasoneinterestingthingtonote.Somescientistssaytakingmedicineswhenyouhaveacoldisactuallybadforyou.Thevirusstaysinyoulonger,becauseyourbodydoesn’tdevelopawaytofightitandkillit.　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question33:Accordingtothepassage,whyhaven’tscientistsfoundacureforthecommoncold?　　Question34:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesymptomsofthecommoncold?　　Question35:Whatdosomescientistssayabouttakingmedicinesforthecommoncold,accordingtothepassage?　　SectionC:Compounddictation:　　Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisverynatural.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsofusage:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisnoexception.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouuseaparticularlevel.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,referencebooksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsandessaysthatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwithcolleagues,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewritepersonalnotesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrom

114informallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please”,buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay“Wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?”Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriend,Imightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer”,butifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer”.2006年6月17日CET-4听力原文SectionA1.M:Ithinkthehostessreallywentoutofherwaytomakethepartyasuccess.W:Yes,thefoodanddrinksweregreat,butifonlywehadknownafewoftheotherguests.Q:Whatdidthetwospeakerssayabouttheparty?2.M:Canyoustopbythepostofficeandgetmesomeenvelopesand39cents’stamps?W:Well,Iamnotgoingtostopbythepostoffice,butIcanbuyyousomeatthebookstoreafterIseethedentistonMarketstreet.

115Q:Wherewillthewomangofirst?3.M:HowdoyoulikethenewphysicianwhoreplacedDr.Andrews?W:HemaynotseemasagreeableorasthoroughasDr.Andrews,butatleasthedoesn’tkeeppatientswaitingforhours.Q:Whatcanweinferfromthewoman’sanswer?4.W:Tommustbeinabadmoodtoday.Hehasn’tsaidhalfadozenwordsallafternoon.M:Oh,really?That’snotliketheTomweknow.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?5.W:Doyouhavetheseminarschedulewithyou?I’dliketofindoutthetopicforFriday.M:Igaveittomyfriend,butthereshouldbecopiesavailableinthelibrary.Icanpickoneupforyou.Q:Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?6W:IwonderifyoucouldsellmethePsychologytextbooks.Youtookthecourselastsemester,didn’tyou?M:Asamatteroffact,Ialreadysoldthembacktotheschoolbookstore.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?7.W:Hereisthisweek’sschedule,Tony.OnMonday,thereistheboardmeeting.Yourspeechtothelion’sclubisonTuesdayafternoon.ThenonWednesdayyouhaveanappointmentwithyourlawyerand…M:Wait,youmeanthebusinessconferenceonTuesdayiscancelled?

116Q:WhatwillthemandothisTuesday?8.M:Canyoubelieveit?JessietoldherbosshewaswrongtohavefiredhismarketingdirectorW:Yeah,butyouknowJessie.Ifshehassomethinginmind,everyonewillknowaboutit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:We’vegotthreewomenresearchersinourgroup:Mary,BettyandHelen.Doyouknowthem?W:Sure.Maryisactiveandsociable.BettyisthemosttalkativewomanI’veevermet.Butguesswhat?Helen’sjusttheopposite.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthewoman’sremarkaboutHelen?10.W:JimmysaidthathewasgoingtomarryarichFrenchbusinesswoman.M:Don’tbesosure.Heoncetoldmethathehadboughtabighouse.Yethe’sstillsharinganapartmentwithMark.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBPassage1UnlessyouhavevisitedthesouthernUnitedStates,youprobablyhaveneverheardofKudzu.Kudzu,asanyfarmerinthesouthwillsadlytellyou,isasuper-poweredweed.Itisastrongclimbingplant.Onceitgetsstarted,Kudzuisalmostimpossibletostop.Itclimbstothetopsofthe

117tallesttrees.Itcancoverlargebuildings.Wholebarnsandfarmhouseshavebeenknowntodisappearfromview.Whereveritgrows,itsthicktwistingstemsareextremelyhardtoremove.Kudzuwasoncethoughttobeahelpfulplant.OriginallyfoundinAsia,itwasbroughttoAmericatohelpprotectthelandfrombeingswallowedbythesea.Itwasplantedwhereitstoughrootswhichgrowuptofivefeetlongcouldhelpholdbackthesoil.Buttheplantsoonspreadtoplaceswhereitwasn'twanted.Farmersnowhavetofighttokeepitfromkillingotherplants.Inaway,Kudzuisasignoflaborshortageinthesouth.Wherethereisnoonetoworkthefields,Kudzusoontakesover.ThenorthernUnitedStatesfacesnothreatfromKudzu.Harshwinterskillitoff.Theplantlovesthewarmthofthesouth,butthesouthsurelydoesn'tloveit.IfsomeonecouldinventsomeuseforKudzuandremoveitfromsouthernfarmland,hisorherfortunewouldbeassured.11.Whatdowelearnabout“Kudzu”fromthepassage?12.WhatwillhappenifthefieldsareneglectedinthesouthernUnitedStates?13.Whyisn'tKudzuathreattothenorthernUnitedStates?Passage2Theword“university”comesfromtheLatinword“universitas”,meaning

118“thewhole”.Later,inLatinlegallanguage,“universitas”meantasocietyorcorporation.IntheMiddleAges,thewordmeant“anassociationofteachersandscholars”.Theoriginsofuniversitiescanbetracedbacktothe12thto14thcenturies.Intheearly12thcentury,longbeforeuniversitieswereorganizedinthemodernsense,studentsgatheredtogetherforhigherstudiesatcertaincentersoflearning.TheearliestcentersintheEuropewereatBoloniainItaly,foundedin1088.OtherearlycentersweresetupinFrance,theCzechRepublic,AustriaandGermanyfrom1150to1386.ThefirstuniversitiesinBritainwereOxfordandCambridge.Theywereestablishedin1185and1209respectively.ThefamousLondonUniversitywasfoundedin1836.ThiswasfollowedbythefoundationofseveraluniversitiessuchasManchesterandBirmingham,whichdevelopedfromprovincialcolleges.Itwasinthe1960'sthatthelargestexpansionofhighereducationtookplaceinBritain.Thisexpansiontook3basicforms:existinguniversitieswereenlarged,newuniversitiesweredevelopedfromexistingcollegesandcompletelynewuniversitiesweresetup.InBritain,financeforuniversitiescomesfromthreesource:thefirst,andthelargestsource,isgrantsfromthegovernment,thesecondsourceisfeespaidbystudentsandthethirdoneisprivatedonations.AlltheBritishuniversitiesexceptonereceivesomegovernmentfunding.TheexceptionisBuckingham,whichisBritain'sonlyindependentuniversity.

11914.Whatdidtheword"Universitas"meanintheMiddleAges?15.Whywasthe1960ssosignificantforBritishHigherEducation?16.WhatisthemainfinancialsourceforBritishuniversities?Passage3Oneofthebiggestproblemsindevelopingcountriesishunger.AnorganizationcalledHeiferInternationalisworkingtoimprovethesituation.Theorganizationsendsfarmanimalstofamiliesandcommunitiesaroundtheworld.AnAmericanfarmer,DanWest,developedtheideaforHeiferInternationalinthe1930s.Mr.WestwasworkinginSpainwherehediscoveredaneedforcows.Manyfamilieswerestarvingbecauseofthecivilwarinthatcounty.SoMr.WestaskedhisfriendsintheUnitedStatestosendsomecows.ThefirstHeiferanimalsweresentin1944.Sincethattime,morethan4,000,000peoplein115countrieshavehadbetterlivesbecauseofHeiferanimals.ToreceiveaHeiferanimal,familiesmustfirstexplaintheirneedsandgoals.Theymustalsomakeaplanwhichwillallowthemtobecomeself-supporting.Localexpertsusuallyprovidetraining.Theorganizationsaysthatanimalsmusthavefood,water,shelter,healthcareandtheabilitytoreproduce.Withoutthem,theanimalswillnotremainhealthyandproductive.Heifer

120Internationalalsobelievesthatfamiliesmustpassonsomeoftheirsuccesstoothersinneed.Thisbeliefguaranteesthateachpersonwhotakespartintheprogramalsobecomesagiver.EveryfamilythatreceivesaHeiferanimalmustagreetogivethatanimal’sfirstfemalebabytootherpeopleinneed.FamiliesmustalsoagreetopassontheskillsandtrainingtheyreceivefromHeiferInternational.Thisconcepthelpscommunitiesbecomeself-supporting.17.WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutMr.West?18.WhatistheultimategoalofHeiferInternational?19.WhatarefamiliesrequiredtodoaftertheyreceivesupportfromHeiferInternational?20.WhatisthemajorachievementofHeiferInternational?2006年1月大学英语四级考试听力原文PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.W:Caroltoldusonthephonenottoworryabouther.Herleftlegdoesn’thurtasmuchasitdidyesterday.M:She’dbetterhaveitexaminedbyadoctoranyway.AndIwillcallheraboutitthisevening.Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkCarolshoulddo?2.M:Thereisanon-stoptrainforWashingtonanditleavesat

1212:30.W:It’sfasterthanthe2o’clocktrain.Besides,wecanhavesomethingtoeatbeforegettingonthetrain.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?1.M:Hi,Melissa,how’syourprojectgoing?Haveyouthoughtaboutgoingtograduateschool?PerhapsyoucangetintoHarvard.W:Everythingiscomingalongreallywell.Ihavebeenthinkingaboutgraduateschool.ButI’lltalktomytutorDr.Garciafirstandseewhatshethinks.Q:Whatdoyoulearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?2.W:DidyouattendAlice’spresentationlastnight?Itwasthefirsttimeforhertogiveaspeechtoalargeaudience.M:Howshecouldbesocalminfrontofsomanypeopleisreallybeyondme!Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.W:You’vebeendoingweatherreportsforneatly30years.Hastheweathergotanyworseinalltheseyears?M:Well,notnecessarilyworse.Butweareseeingmoreswings.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheweather?4.M:Excuseme,IamlookingforthetextbookbyaProfessorJordonforthemarketing

122course.W:Iamafraidit’soutofstock.You’llhavetoorderit.Anditwilltakethepublisher3weekstosendittous.Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?1.M:IamgoingtoNewYorknextweek,butthehotelIbookedisreallyexpensive.W:Whybookahotel?Mybrotherhas2spareroomsinhisapartment.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.W:Inmyopinion,watchingthenewsonTVisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.Whatdoyouthink?M:ItwouldbebetterifyoucouldcheckthesameinformationinEnglishnewspapersafterwards.Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutlearningEnglish?3.M:Ihearanewly-inventeddrugcanmakepeopletellthetruthanditmayproveusefulinquestioningterrorists.Isn’titincredible?W:Simplesolutionstocomplexproblemsrarelysucceed.AsfarasIknow,nosuchdrugsareeverknowntowork.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenewdrug?4.M:Youknowtheelectronicscompanyiscomingtoourcampustorecruitgraduatestudentsnextweek.W:Really?Whatday?I'dliketotalktothemandhandinmy

123resume.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?SectionBPassageoneAnewstudyreportsthecommondrugaspiringreatlyreduceslifethreateningproblemsafteranoperationtoreplaceblockedbloodvesselstotheheart.Morethan800,000peoplearoundtheworldhavethisheartsurgeryeachyear.Thedoctorswhocarriedoutthestudysaygivingaspirintopatientssoonaftertheoperationcouldsavethousandsoflives.Peopleusuallytakeaspirintocontrolpainandreducehighbodytemperature.Doctorsalsoadvisesomepeopletotakeaspirintohelppreventheartattacks.About10-15percentoftheseheartoperationsendindeathordamagetotheheartorotherorgans.Thenewstudyshowsthatevenasmallamountofaspirinreducedsuchthreats.Thedoctorssaidthechanceofdeathforpatientswhotookaspirinwouldfallby67%.Theyclaimedthiswastrueiftheaspirinwasgivenwithin48hoursoftheoperation.Thedoctorsbelieveaspirinhelpsheartsurgerypatientsbecauseitcanpreventbloodfromthickeningandbloodvesselsfrombeingblocked.However,thedoctorswarnedthatpeoplewhohavestomachbleedingorotherbadreactionsfromaspirinshouldnottakeit

124afterheartsurgery.Q11.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudyofaspirin?Q12.Inwhatwaycanaspirinhelpheartsurgerypatientsaccordingtothedoctors?Q13.Whatwarningdidthedoctorsgiveabouttheuseofaspirin?PassageTwoWereyouthefirstorthelastchildinyoufamily?Orwereyouamiddleoranonlychild?Somepeoplethinkitmatterswhereyouwereborninyoufamily.Buttherearedifferentideasaboutwhatbirthordermeans.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildrenaresmartandstrong-willed.Theyareverylikelytobesuccessful.Thereasonforthisissimple.Parentshavealotoftimefortheirfirstchild,theygivehimorheralotofattention.Sothischildisverylikelytodowell.Anonlychildwillsucceedforthesamereason.Whathappenstotheotherchildreninthefamily?Middlechildrendon’tgetsomuchattention,sotheydon’tfeelthatimportant.Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,though,oftengetsspecialtreatment.Heorsheisthebaby.Oftenthischildgrowsuptobefunnyandcharming.Doyoubelievetheseideasofbirthordertoo?Arecentstudysawthingsquitedifferently.Thestudyfoundthatfirstchildrenbelievedinfamilyrules.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusuallyfollowedorders.Rulesdidn’tmeanasmuchtolater

125childreninthefamily.Theywentoutandfollowedtheirownideas.Theytookchancesandtheyoftendidbetterinlife.Q14.Accordingtocommonbelief,inwhatwayarethefirstchildandtheonlychildalike?Q15.Whatdopeopleusuallysayaboutmiddlechildren?Q16.whatdowelearnaboutlaterchildreninafamilyfromarecentstudyofbirthorder?PassageThreeWhenmyinterestshiftedfromspacetothesea,Ineverexpecteditwouldcausesuchconfusionamongmyfriends,yetIcanunderstandtheirfeelings.AsIhavebeenwritingandtalkingaboutspaceflightforthebestpartof20years,asuddenswitchofinteresttothedepthoftheseadoerseempeculiar.Toexplain,I’dliketosharemyreasonsbehindthisunusualchangeofmind.ThefirstexcuseIgiveisaneconomicone.Underwaterexplorationissomuchcheaperthanspaceflight.Thefirstround-triptickettothemoonisgoingtocostatleast10billiondollarsifyouincluderesearchanddevelopment.Bytheendofthiscentury,thecostwillbedowntoafewmillion.Ontheotherhand,thedivingsuitandasetofbasictoolsneededforskin-divingcanbeboughtfor20dollars.Mysecondargumentismorephilosophical.Theocean,surprisinglyenough,hasmanythingsincommonwithspace.Intheirdifferentways,bothseaandspaceareequallyhostile.Ifwewishtosurviveineitherfor

126anylengthoftime,weneedtohavemechanicalaids.Thedivingsuithelpedthedesignofthespacesuit.Thefeelingsandtheemotionsofamanbeneaththeseawillbemuchlikethoseofamanbeyondtheatmosphere.Q17.Howdidthespeaker’sfriendsrespondtohischangeofinterest?Q18.Whatisoneofthereasonsforthespeakertoswitchhisinteresttounderwaterexploration?Q19.Inwhatwaydoesthespeakerthinkdivingissimilartospacetravel?Q20.Whatisthespeaker’spurposeingivingthistalk?