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英语语法虚拟语气在条件状语从句中虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议，怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句由连词if引导。1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句条件状语从句主句If+主语+动词过去式主语+would,should,could,might+原形动词(be的过去式用were)例如：IfIfeareddeath,Iwouldn’tbeacommunist.（刘胡兰）怕死就不做共产党员。Iftherewerenoair,wecouldn’tlive.如果没有空气，我们就不能生活。Example:IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI______him.A.hadknownB.knewC.haveknownD.knowI_____ittohimifIthoughthewouldunderstand.A.shallexplainB.willexplainC.wouldexplainD.explain2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句构成条件状语从句主句
1If+主语+动词过去完成式主语+would,should,could,might+have+过去分词例如：Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。Iftherehadbeennoairinthetube,theresultoftheexperimentwouldhavebeenmoreaccurate.如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。Example:Ifyouhadn’tgonewithTomtothepartylastnight,_______.A.youwouldmeetJohnalreadyB.youwon’thavemissedJohnC.youwillhavemetJohnD.youwouldhavemetJohn3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句构成条件状语从句主句If+主语+should+原形动词主语+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形动词例如：Ifheweretocometomorrow,thingswouldbeeasier.假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。
2Ifthesandshouldbebrokenup,itwouldgiveoutmuchenergy.如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句中的should有时可以省略。如：Ifhemakethedesign,hemightdoitinsomeotherway.要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用另外的方法设计。Example:Ifthesea____torise50feet,Indiawouldbecomeanisland.A.willB.isC.wasD.wereIfyou____toseeMary,whatwouldyoutellher?A.areB.willbegoingC.mustD.wereWemightstillcatchthetrainifwe___.A.makehurryB.hasteC.makehasteD.hastily4.错综时间的虚拟语气在一些含有虚拟语气的句子中，如果主句与从句的谓语表示不同的时间，虚拟语气可有不同形式，即主句与从句各自按自己的时间构成虚拟形式。例如：IfIhadmethimbefore,Icouldrecognizehim.要是我以前遇见过他，我就能认出他了。（从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在或将来事实相反）Ifweweredrivingataspeedof100Lianhour,wewouldhavearrivedthere2hoursago.
3如果我们的行车速度每小时100里，两小时以前我们就会到达那里了。（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反）Example:Ifyou_____thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn’tbesleepy.A.haven’twatchedB.didn’twatchC.hadn’twatchedD.wouldn’thavewatched5.省略连词if在条件状语从句中，如果有were,should,had，可以把连词if省去，把were,should,had放在句首，构成条件意义。例如：Shoulditraintomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?万一明天下雨，你怎么办？Weretherenofriction,wecouldnotwalk.要是没有摩擦力，我们就不能行走。Hadweknownaboutthenewmethod,weshouldhaveapplieditearlier.如果我们过去知道这种新方法，我们早就应用了。Example:HadAlicebeenmorehardworking,she_______.A.hadnotfailedB.wouldnotfailC.couldnotbefailedD.wouldnothavefailed
4_______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves______difficulties,wewouldbesuccessful.A.ShouldweovercomeB.WouldweovercomeC.MightweovercomeD.Couldweovercome6.虚拟结构中省略主句或从句虚拟结构中有时可省去主句或从句，并不影响意义的完整。(1)省去条件从句Thatwouldbefine.那太好了。（省去了ifyouwouldcome或类似条件）Iwouldn’tpassupthechancetovisitChina.我不会放弃访问中国的机会。Wemighthaveproducedmorecoal.我们可能生产出更多煤炭。注：省略条件句，在试题中很少见到。(2)省去主句，常用以表示愿望。从句谓语多用过去时或过去完成时。Ifonlyshewerehere.假如她在这儿该多好啊！Ifonlyhelived!假如他活着该多好啊！IfonlyIhadknownitbefore.如果我早先知道这件事，那就好了。Example:Ifonlyit_____!butitistoolate.A.isavoidedB.hasavoidedC.couldbeavoidedD.canbeavoided
5Ifonlyeverything_____outaswewantedittoinlife!A.isworkingB.workedC.worksD.hasworked
