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英语语法常用介词用法比较(1)as,likeas表示”作为”强调身份,like(介词)表示”像”Asateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.Likeateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.(2)with,inwith表示”外貌特征或附带的东西”,”用……作工具”in表示”衣着”“用某语言”,在固定搭配中也可用inAmanwithdarkglasseswantedtobuydrinks.Amaninblackwantedtobuydrinks.Theboyislearningtowriteinpencil/withapencil.HeretoldthetextinEnglish.(3)for,tofor表示”为了.”To表示动作对象,“对,向.”如:Hewoulddoanythingforhismotherland.Didyoumentionthistomyfather?你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?for表示”就某情况而说“,to表示一”对某对象而言”如:It’squitewarmtodayforFebruary.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。Whathetoldyoujustnowwasnotnewtome他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜
1for表示”目的,用途”。与go,come动词连用(4)except,besidesexcept表示”从总体中排除一部分”,与bat同义,besides表示”除了一部分还有另一部分”Weallfailedexcepthim.我们都失败了,但他没有。HespeaksGermanbesidesFrench.他懂法外还会讲英语。(5)on,about关于on表示这本书、文章、演说是严肃的学术性的,供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。例句:Therewillbealectureoneconomicsthisafternoon.Heiswritingabookoncooking.Hetoldmealotabouthislifeinthesummervocation.(6)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;with表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;例句:Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.Hebrokethewindowwithastone.TheforeignerspoketousinEnglish.(7)except,besides除了except除……之外,不包括在内;
2besides除……之外,包括在内。例句:ExceptMr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.(王先生没去)BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)(8)注意成对介词的用法:getinto(outof)thecar,geton(off)thebus,jumponto(off)theplatform,outof(9)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:toone’ssurprise/joy,inchargeof,insteadof,inbed(hospital),introuble,inahurry,insurprise,withasmile,withonevoice,accordingto,atonce,ontime,intime,inall,athome,(school,work),atlast,atleast,intheend,bytheway,forexample,atthesametime,atthesamespeed,onone’sway(to),inthesun,onthefootballteam,inline,withthehelpof,inred/green…puton,lookfor,lookafter,runafter,sendfor,enterfor,payfor,show…around,listento,arrivein/at,getto,agreewith,succeedin,thinkof(about),waitfor,arriveat/in(到达…),onfoot(步行),not…atall(根本不),tothenorthof(在…以北),intheeastof(在…的东部),inthenight(在夜间),atnight(在晚上),beafraidof(害怕…),befullof(充满/装满….),befilledwith(充满/装满….),begood/badfor(对…有益/有害),bemadeof(由…做成),bemadefrom(由…制造),playwith(玩耍……),lookoutof(朝…外面看),attheendof(在…末梢/结束时),bytheendof(不迟于…/到…末为止),withthehelpof或withone’shelp(在…的帮助下),lookafter(照料…),lookfor(寻找…),onabike(=bybike)骑车,helpsb.
3with(帮某人做…),geton(well)with(与某人相处[融洽]),