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DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02142MWTURBINEGOVERNORSYSTEMSPECIFICATION142MW汽轮机调节系统说明书SHANGHAIELECTRICPOWERGENERATIONEQUIPMENTCO.，LTD.SHANGHAITURBINEPLANTThisdocumentcontainsproprietaryinformationownedbyShanghaiElectricPowerGenerationEquipmentCo.,Ltd.ShanghaiTurbinePlant.Usethisdocumentsolelyforthepurposegiven.Donotreproduce,discloseoruseotherwisewithoutwrittenconsentofShanghaiElectricPowerGenerationEquipmentCo.,Ltd.ShanghaiTurbinePlant. DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02COMPILINGDEPT.：编制部门：自动化控制中心COMPILEDBY：编制：CHECKEDBY：校对：REVIEWEDBY：审核：APPROVEDBY：审定：STANDARDIZEDBY：标准化审查：COUNTERSIGN：会签：RATIFIEDBY:批准： DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Contents1.TurbineControlSystemSummary..........................11.1Introduction..............................................11.2DEHController............................................21.3TheworkstationforoperatorInterface....................31.4SteamValveServo-actuators...............................41.5EHFluidSupplyPortion...................................81.6EmergencyTripSystem(ETS)..............................112.DEHControllerDEH......................................132.1HardwareConfigure.......................................142.1.1DEHWorkstation.....................................152.1.2ControlProcessor...................................162.1.3Thecontrolnetwork.................................172.1.4I/OCard............................................182.1.4.14-20mAInputModule.................................182.1.4.2Thermocouple/mVInputModule........................182.1.4.34-20mAOutputModule................................192.1.4.4RTDinputmodule....................................192.1.4.5Contact/DcInputModule............................192.1.4.6Pulseinputmodule..................................192.1.4.7Digitalinput/outputmodule........................192.1.4.8Digitaloutputmodule...............................202.2DEHFunction.............................................202.2.1SpeedControl.......................................202.2.2Over-speedProtectionFunction......................212.2.3Over-speedTripTest................................212.2.4Synchronization.....................................222.2.5LoadControl........................................22I DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E022.2.6FunctionofInitialLoad............................222.2.7FunctionofLoadLimited............................232.2.8OnceTransferFrequency.............................232.2.9RemoteControlMode.................................232.2.10FunctionofValveTest..............................242.2.11FunctionofThrottlePressureLimited...............242.2.12Manual/AutomaticControlMode.......................242.2.13FunctionofSimulation..............................252.2.14DataDisplayandAlarmPrint........................252.2.15TurbineStatusSupervisory..........................262.3MainOperatingMenuIntroduction.........................262.3.1ControlModeMenu...................................262.3.2FeedbackLoopMenu..................................262.3.3TurbineLimitedValueMenu..........................272.3.4ValveIndicatorandValveTestMenu.................273.OperatorInterface.....................................273.1Keyboard,Mouse,LCD.....................................283.2Printer..................................................284.ActuatorControlSystem................................284.1HPStopValveActuatorAssemblies........................304.2GovernorandinterceptorvalveActuatorAssemblies.......334.3ReheatStopValveActuatorAssembly......................355.FluidSupplyPortion...................................375.1FluidSupplyApparatus...................................375.1.1WorkingPrinciple...................................395.1.2MainEquipmentsofFluidSupplyPortion.............405.1.3EHReservoir........................................405.1.3.1FluidPump..........................................405.1.3.2ControlBlock.......................................41II DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E025.1.3.3MagneticPlug.......................................425.1.3.4Accumulator.........................................425.1.3.5Cooler..............................................425.1.3.6EHTerminalBox.....................................435.1.3.7FloatTypeFluidLevel..............................445.1.3.8CheckValve.........................................445.2FireResistantFluidandPolishingFilterAssembly.......445.2.1FireResistantFluid..............................455.2.2PolishingFilterAssembly.........................455.3HPandLPAccumulators...................................476.EmergencyTripSystem..................................496.1ASTSolenoidValves(20/AST).............................526.2OPCSolenoidValves(20/OPC).............................526.3EmergencyTripControlBlock.............................546.4CheckValves.............................................576.5InterfaceDiaphragmValve................................586.6Emergencygovernor.......................................616.7Emergencygovernorpilotvalve...........................636.8Emergencygovernortestpilotvalve......................656.9Oilsprayingtestdevice.................................676.10Overspeedindicator......................................696.11Emergencygovernordevice................................717.Maintenanceguidanceofcontrolsystem.................727.1Generalprinciple........................................727.2Fireresistantfluid.....................................788.HighpressureEHfluidsystempolishingdirections.....808.1Preparationforsystempolishing.........................818.2ChargetheEHfluid......................................838.3Polishing................................................85III DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.4Measurementofthesystemcleanliness....................908.5Systemsrecovery.........................................91IV DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E021.TurbineControlSystemSummary汽轮机调节控制系统概述1.1Introduction前言TheturbinecontrolsystemadoptsDigitalElectro-Hydraulic(DEH)controlsystem.TheDEHcontrolsystemcansufficehighreliablerequirementforturbinegeneratorunit’scontrol.TheDEHcontrolsystemconsistsoffivemajorcomponentsthatarelistedbelow:该机组的控制系统采用数字电液控制系统，即DEH控制系统，该DEH控制系统能够满足汽轮机的高可靠性控制要求。其主要由下列五个部分组成：TheDEHcontrollerofdatacollectionanddataprocessing;数据采集和处理的DEH控制器Theworkstationfortheoperatorinterface(includeLCD,operatepanelandprinter);作为操作人员接口的工作站（包括LCD、操作面板和打印机）Steamvalveservo-actuators(includestopvalveactuator,governorvalveactuator,reheatstopvalveactuator,interceptorvalveactuator);蒸汽阀门伺服执行机构（包括主汽阀油动机、调节汽阀油动机、再热主汽阀油动机和再热调节汽阀油动机）EHoilsupplysystem;EH供油系统1 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Emergencytripsystem;危急遮断系统ThefollowinginformationisofferedasageneraldescriptionandintroductiontotheDEHsystemapparatus.以下的说明为DEH控制系统的总的阐述和介绍。1.2DEHControllerDEH控制器Theelectroniccontrollercabinetscontainallcircuitsandmemoryforthesystem,suchaslogic,reference,signalinputcards,amplifiers,automaticandmanualcontrollers,redundantpowersupplyandterminalstripsetc.Itperformsbasiccomputationsonreferenceandturbinefeedbacksignalsandgeneratesanoutputsignaltothesteamvalveactuators.Thecontrollerincludescontrolprocessorunit(CP),I/Ocardetc.Thecontrolprocessorunitcanprogramandperformspecificallyfunctionsoftheturbinecontrolprocess(includeOver-speedProtection/OperatorAutoController).SeeFig.1-1DEH控制器中设有所有的存贮器和电路，如：逻辑、给定值、信号输入卡件、放大器、自动和手动控制器、冗余的电源以及连接线的端子排等。该控制器将转速或负荷的给定值和汽轮机各反馈信号进行基本运算，并发出控制各蒸汽阀门伺服执行机构的输出信号。该控制器主要包括控制处理器(CP)、输入/输出卡件等。控制处理器能编程并执行特定的汽轮机控制功能（包括超速保护、操作员自动等控制功能）。见图1-1。2 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E021.3TheworkstationforoperatorInterface作为操作人员接口的工作站Theoperator’sinterface,whichisusuallocatedinthecontrolroomthatistheunit’scontrolcenter.Theinterfaceconsistsofakeyboard,LCDandprinter.Throughoperatethekeyboardoperatorcanentrancethedesignedgraphicpagesthatofferthedifferentareasofturbineoperationinterface.Forexample,tochangethestatusoffeedbackloops,toselectspeedorloadtarget.操作人员接口通常安置于控制室内，它是机组的控制中心。该接口包括键盘、LCD及打印机。通过键盘操作进入已设计好的用户图形，这些用户图形提供给运行人员汽轮机各运行阶段的操作界面，例如：改变反馈回路的状态，选择目标转速或目标负荷。Settingtargetatthekeyboardareusedtopositionthesteamvalvesbycomparingtheturbinespeed,andmegawattssignals.操作人员在键盘上给出的给定值，将与汽轮机转速、调节阀后蒸汽压力和功率反馈信号去控制各个汽阀。Theprinter,whichisusuallylocatedinthecontrolroom,operatorcanwatchalarmandturbinemessage.打印机通常安置于控制室内，运行人员可用来观察报警和汽轮机信息。3 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02LCDLCDD1D2D3CONTROLTERMINALCONTROLENGINEERSTATIONOPERATORSTATION工程师站操作员站控端控制子制PRINTERKEYBOARDPRINTERKEYBOARDCABINET柜CABINET柜CABINET柜打印机键盘打印机键盘MOUSEMOUSE鼠鼠标标Fig.1-1DEHCONTROLSYSTEM图1-1DEH控制系统组成1.4SteamValveServo-actuators蒸汽阀门伺服执行机构Thepositionofeachsteamvalveiscontrolledbyitselfservo-actuator.Theactuatoriscomposedahydrauliccylinder.It’sopeningbyEHfluidpressureandclosingbyspringforce.Thehydrauliccylinderconnectswithacontrolblockwhichisinstalledshutoffvalves、unloadvalvesandcheckvalves,inadditiontodifferentaccessionalsubassembly,twofundamentaltypeactuatorsareconsisted.SeeFig.1-4.各个蒸汽阀的位置是由各自的执行机构来控制的。执行机构由一个液压油缸所构成。其开启由抗燃油压力来驱动，而关闭是靠弹簧力。液压油缸与一个控制块连接，在该控制块上装有隔离阀、快速卸载阀和逆止阀，加上不同的附加组件，可组成两种基本型式的执行机构。见图1-4。4 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Generally,theactuatorforthestopvalveandreheatstopvalvebelongstoopen-closetype,whichcontrolthesteamvalveatwideopenedorfullclosedposition.Thehigh-pressurefluidentrancesthebottomchamberofhydrauliccylinder,thepressureofthechambercanbecontrolledbyrapidlyunloadvalvewiththepilotvalve.Whentheturbinecontrolsystemisreset,thepilotvalvecontroltheunloadvalvetoclose.Thepressureofthechamberwillbuildupgraduallytoopenthestopvalvesandreheatstopvalves.一般高压主汽阀和再热主汽阀的执行机构仅能控制这些阀门全开或全关。高压抗燃油经节流孔供入油缸活塞的下部腔室，该腔室内的油压是由一个引导阀控制的快速卸载阀所调节的。当汽轮机控制系统复位后，该引导阀控制快速卸载阀关闭，以使该腔室中的油压逐渐建立并开启主汽阀及再热主汽阀。Theactuatorforthegovernorvalvecancontrolthesteamvalveatanyintermediatepositiontocontrolthesteamflowinproportionaltomeettherequirement.TheactuatorisequippedwithE/Hservovalveandlinearvariabledifferentialtransformer(LVDT).ThehighpressurefluidsupplytoE/Hservovalvethrougha10μfilter.TheE/Hservovalveacceptservoamplifier’svalvesignalandcontroltheactuatorposition.TheLVDTexportasimulativesignalthatisdirectlyproportionaltopositionandfeedbacktocontroller,andformaclosedloop.调节汽阀的执行机构可以将汽阀控制在任意的中间位置上，成比例地调节进汽量以适应其需要。执行机构装有一个电液伺服阀和一个线性差动变送器（LVDT）。高压油经过一个10μ的滤网供给电液伺服阀，该电液伺5 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02服阀接受来自伺服放大器的阀位信号，从而控制执行机构的位置。LVDT输出一个正比于阀位的模拟信号，并将它反馈到控制器，组成一个闭环回路。Isolatingvalvecanmaintainthepartofexecutive(includehydrauliccylinder)on-line.Thecheckvalvecanpreventthehigh-pressurefluidflowtoreturnbythedrainfluidandemergencytripsystem.隔离阀可使包括液压油缸在内的执行机构零件进行在线维修。逆止阀可防止油流经泄油回路或危急遮断回路倒流。6 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02CHANNEL2自动停机220-2AST20-4ASTSSLPLP20-2LPT63-263-4GA4079S63-2ASPMECHANICALANDMANUALTRIPOILTUBE机械超速和手动遮断总管油EH油遮断试验GA406163-1ASPEHOILTRIPTESTGA4061S自动停机1CHANNEL120-1LPTLPLP63-263-420-1AST20-3ASTSS63OPCSS20-1OPC20-2OPCASTGA407863-1AST63-2GA4077超速保护控制油总管（OPC）OVERSPEEDPROTECTIONCONTROL20I伺服阀AUTOSTOPTRIP伺服阀SERVOVALVE调节汽阀油动机(4)IVSERVOACTUATOR(2)再热调节汽阀油动机(2)LVDT伺服放大器ΣDEH的阀位控制信号GVSERVOACTUATOR(4)自动停机危急遮断总管（AST）LVDT伺服放大器ΣSERVOVALVEDEH的阀位控制信号Fig1-4.EHACTUATORPRINCIPLE图1-4EH油动机原理介调器介调器伺服阀S20S90RSVLVDTSERVOVALVE主汽门油动机(2)33TVLVDTΣDEH的阀位控制信号33RSVRSVACTUATOR(2)再热主汽门油动机(2)伺服放大器TVSERVOACTUATOR(2)介调器GA4350GA4351GA4352GA4353回油蓄能器(2+2)蓄能器(2+2)ACCUMULATOR有压力回油高压油无压力回油无压力回油DRAINOILACCUMULATORCONNECTWITHEHOIL连至EH供油系统原理图PRESSURESUPPLYSYSTEMPRINCIPLEDRAINWITHHIGHPRESSUREDRAINVENT1DRAINVENT27 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E021.5EHFluidSupplyPortionEH供油系统Thefunctionofthehigh-pressurefluidsystemisprovideshigh-pressurefluidtodrivetheservo-actuators,thereby,controlthepositionsoftheturbinesteamvalves.Thefluidcontrolmediumisaphosphateesterfluidpossessingqualitiesforfireresistanceandchemicalstability.SeeFig.1-5.EH供油系统的功能为，提供高压抗燃油，并由它来驱动伺服执行机构。以调节汽机各蒸汽阀开度。该高压抗燃油为一种三芳基磷酸脂，它具有良好的抗燃性能和流体稳定性。见图1-5。Thesystemisconsistsofastainlessstealreservoirinstalledontheseat,pumps,controls,filtersandheatchangersetc.Theseassembliescomposedtworeduplicatesuit,onesuitworkandtheothersuitactasstandby.本系统由安装于座架上的不锈钢油箱、柱塞泵、控制件、滤油器以及热交换器等组成。这些部件组成了重复的两套，当一套投运时，另一套即可作为备用。High-pressurefluidprovidedbypumpthroughtheEHcontrolblock,filter,unloadvalveandcheckvalveenterhigh-pressuretubeandaccumulators.Supplyheaderpressureismaintainedataconstant2000PSIGbyduplevariabledisplacementpressurecompensatedpumpsinconjunctionwithhigh-pressureaccumulatorslocatednearthesteamvalveactuators.Thevariabledisplacementpumpcompensatedmaintainsconstantheaderpressurefornormalsteadystateand8 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02transientflowdemands.Thehigh-pressureaccumulatorsprovidetransientfluidflowdemandsthatcannotbesuppliedbythepump.Areliefvalve,setat2350PSIG,preventssystemover-pressurization.油泵供出的抗燃油经过EH控制块、滤油器、泄载阀、逆止阀和溢流阀，而进入高压集管和蓄压器。提供的集管压力由冗余的可变式压力补尝泵维持在2000PSIG，该泵与蒸汽阀执行机构附近的高压蓄压器相连接，以维持集管压力为正常状态和满足瞬变流量要求，高压蓄压器提供泵不能供应的瞬变流量要求，卸载阀设置为2350PSIG，以防止系统超压。9 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02GA4330GA4340POLISHINGFILTERASSY精密滤器组件有压力回油无压力回油1无压力回油2高压油ENT1VENT2DRAINVDRAINDRAINWITHPRESSUREHIGHPRESSURE63MP取油样口XDEHPTC2265WATEROUT冷却水出WATERIN冷却水进63LPCOOLER1冷油器COOLER2冷油器蓄能器SAMPLINGPORTACCUMULATORTC2276TC2275GA4100溢流阀RELIEFVLVTM0030放油口T23EH1,2CIRCULARPORTXDEHT3u液位指示器GA4380Fig.1-5EHOILSUPPLYSYSTEMPRINCIPLE图1-5EH供油系统原理71/LLL71/LLODRAINVLV油箱放油6363液位开关MPF-1差压指示器MPF-2差压指示器GA410171/HL71/LL交流马达和泵液位开关GA4080GA4090HTR/EHR加热器滤油系统M/EHF加油口OILFILTERSYSTEMMOTORANDPUMPFILLINGPORTFIC-P1FIC-P2BREATHER空气滤清器挡板80u磁棒80uEH油箱EHRESERVOIRMAGNETICROD80uM/MP-1M/MP-2EH马达及泵1号EH马达及泵2号TC2290EHMOTORANDPUMP1EHMOTORANDPUMP2（RTD2290）10 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E021.6EmergencyTripSystem(ETS)危急遮断系统Theinterfacediaphragmvalveismountedonthesideofgovernorpedestal.ItprovidesaninterfacebetweenthelubeoilsystemandtheEHfluidsystem.Thelubeoilfromover-speedtripandthemanualtripheadersupplytoachamberabovethediaphragm.ThispressureactsagainstthediaphragmtoovercomethecompressionofthespringandholdthevalveintheclosedpositionthusblockingapathtodraintheEHfluidheader.Afunctioningoftheover-speedtriporthemanualover-speedtripheader,orboth,willcausealossordecayoflubeoilpressureandallowthecompressionspringtoopenthevalveandreleasetheASTfluidtodrain.Itwillcausetrip.ThelubeoilandEHfluidareisolateeachother.SeeFig.1-6.位于前轴承座上的隔膜阀，它提供了高压抗燃油系统和润滑油系统之间的接口。从机械超速和手动遮断总管来的润滑油供到隔膜阀的上部，使其克服弹簧力将阀关闭，这样，就封闭了高压抗燃油的泄油通道。只要机械超速和手动遮断总管中的油压有任何消失，就会使弹簧开启隔膜阀，泄去AST油而停机。润滑油和抗燃油彼此相互不接触。见图1-6。Intheotherhand,theemergencytripsystemconsistsof4autostoptripsolenoidvalves.Itisarrangedintoaseries-parallelconfigurationtoprovideredundantprotection.Atleastonesolenoidvalvefromeachchannelmusttoopentocauseatrip.另外，有四个自动停机遮断电磁阀，它们是以串、并联方式布置的，具有多重保护性，每个通道中至少必须有一只电磁阀动作，才可导致停机。11 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Throughusingthepressureswitchandthesensor,itwillcausetheturbinetrip.Thesesignalinclude:lowbearingoilpressure,lowEHfluidpressure,lowcondenservacuum,turbineover-speedandanexternaltripsignaletc.由压力开关和传感器起作用而引起停机的有：润滑油压低、EH油压低、凝汽器低真空、超速以及一个用户停机信号等。Theover-speedprotectsolenoidvalveiscontrolledbytheOPCportionoftheDEHcontroller.Whentheturbinespeedreaches103%ratedspeed,OPCsolenoidvalveisacted.Thegovernorvalveandinterceptorvalvewillcloseimmediately.超速保护控制器电磁阀是受DEH控制器的OPC部分所控制，当转速达到103%额定转速时，OPC动作，调节阀和再热调节阀立即关闭。12 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02STEST(试验)20-2LVT63-2LV63-4LVCONDENSERPRESSURELOW2冷凝器真空2STEST(试验)AUTOSTOPPRECURSORAUTOSTOPTRIPLUBEOILPRESSURELOWEHOILPRESSURELOWCONDENSERPRESSURELOWOVERSPEEDSPEEDTRANSMITTERAXIALTRANSLATION20-2LBOT63-2LBO63-4LBO轴承油压2LUBEPRESSURELOW2STEST(试验)20-2LPT63-2LP63-4LPEH油压2自动停机先导自动停机遮断轴承油压低EH油压低冷凝器真空低超速发送器轴向位移EHPRESSURELOW2ASPASTLBOLPLVOSPURP220VAC#2遥控停机复置REMOTETRIPRESETTRIP用户遥控汽机停机(部件#2)63-2ASP20-2AST20-4ASTSS调阀端GVPORTPU/OS3LOGICCHANNEL2CHANNEL2自动停机2PU/OS2转子超速停机63-1AST63-2AST63-3ASTDISPLAYOVERSPEEDTRIP轴向位移PURPAPURPB轴向位移发送器PU/OS1(报警及推力轴承停机)显示器危急遮断控制系统控制室CHANNEL1SS自动停机1AXIALTRANSLATIONTRANSMITTER63-1ASP20-1AST20-3AST推力轴承停机LOGICCHANNEL1逻辑通道#1逻辑通道#2Fig.1.6EMERGENCYTRIPSYSTEMPRINCIPLE图1.6危急遮断系统流程图AXIALTRANSLATIONTRIP220VAC#1REMOTETRIPTRIPOUTPUT停机报警输出用户遥控汽机停机(部件#1)STEST(试验)LPLPEH油压120-1LPT63-163-3EHPRESSURELOW1STEST(试验)20-163-1LBO63-3LBO轴承油压1LUBEPRESSURELOW1SNORMALLYOPENSOLENNIDVALVE常开二通电磁阀NORMALLYCLOSESOLENNIDVALVE常闭二通电磁阀PRESSURESWITCH压力开关TEST(试验)20-1LVT63-1LVLBOT63-3LVSS冷凝器真空1示例CONDENSERPRESSURELOW12.DEHControllerDEH控制器13 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02FieldsignalssendtocardthroughDEHcontrolcabinetterminalstrips,signalsthatareprocessedsendtocontrolprocessortoaccumulate,theresultsendtooutputcard,variouscontrolfunctionwillbecompleted..现场信号通过DEH控制柜的接线端子排送到输入卡件，然后将处理好的信号送到控制处理器进行计算，并把结果送到输出卡件，实现其各种控制功能。2.1HardwareConfigure硬件配置DEHcabinetDEH控制柜TheDEHcabinetincludesredundantcontrolprocessunit,I/Ocard,powersupply,relaypanel,terminalstrips,servo-valvecardetc.TheCPUapplicationsoftwareiseditedaccordingtocontrolarithmeticalform;engineercanexpedientlymodifyprogramtosufficedifferentrequirement.Thecontrolprocessunitwillcommunicateeachotherthroughredundantfieldbusandfieldbuscomponent,intheotherhand,I/Ocardcanbeprocessedbyvariousfieldbuscomponent;Thepowersupplyadoptsredundantconfigure.包括冗余的控制处理器、输入/输出信号卡件、电源、继电器板、接线端子排、阀位驱动卡件等。其中控制处理器的应用软件是按照控制算式来编辑的，工程师们能方便地修改程序以满足不同的要求，该控制处理机是通过冗余的现场总线与它的现场总线组件来通讯的。另外输入/输出信号是由各种型号的现场总线组件来处理的；电源采用冗余的配置。DEHworkstation14 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02DEH工作站IncludeLCD,keyboard,mouse,printeretc包括LCD、键盘、鼠标、打印机等。2.1.1DEHWorkstationDEH工作站DEHworkstationadoptsapplicationworkstationprocessor;itperformsassortedfunctionofanapplicationprocessorandaworkstationprocessor.Workstationisamaininterfacebetweenoperatorandcontrolsystem,usingkeyboardandmousecontrolit,andgainsoperationdataandmessageinLCD.Whenthesystemoccurstoalarm,itwillrecordalarmdataandmessage.OperatorgainsmessagefromDEHworkstation’sLCD,sendsoutcommandbyusingkeyboardandmouse,messageandcommandwillcommunicationeachotherbyusingEthernetbetweenDEHworkstationandcontrolprocessor.DEH工作站采用应用操作站处理机，实现应用处理机和操作站处理机的组合功能。工作站是操作员与控制系统之间的主要接口，是通过使用键盘和鼠标来控制的，并从LCD上得到操作数据和信息。当系统出现报警时，它会记录报警数据和信息。操作员从DEH工作站的LCD上获得信息，并用键盘和鼠标发出命令，该命令和信息是通过DEH工作站和控制处理器之间的以太控制网相互通信的。Workstationcanloaddatafilesthatsupportvarioussystemandchartofeachworkstationinhighway.Powerplant’sstaffcangainallapplicationprogramstocontrolturbine,theycopyallapplicationprogramstodiskettetosave,ifnecessary,programcan15 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02bemodifiedanderased,thesameasthecustomgraphiccanbemodified,erasedorbuiltupnewgraphic.工作站能够调用数据文件和高速公路上的每个工作站的图表，电厂的工作人员能够得到控制汽轮机的所有应用程序，他们能够拷贝所有的应用程序到磁盘中保存，如果需要，程序能够被修改和删除，同样用户图形也能被修改、删除或建立新的图形。2.1.2ControlProcessor控制处理机Apairofredundantcontrolprocessors,performthefunctionsofregulatory、logic、timingandsequentialcontrol,andthefunctionsofdataacquisition,detection,alarmandmessagetransmission.配置的一对冗余的控制处理器，完成调节、逻辑、计时和顺序控制等功能，以及数据采集、报警、检测和传送信息的功能。ThedisplayandadjustmentofcontrolparameteristhroughHMIsystem.Communicationbetweencontrolprocessorandoperatorstationisstandard100MbpsEthernet..控制参数的显示和调整通过操作员接口设备来实现，控制处理器与这些设备的通讯通过标准的100Mbps以太网实现。Offersunique,fault-tolerantoperationusingtwocontrolmodulestogreatlyimprovereliabilityrelativetootherprocesscontrollers.相对于其它过程控制器，使用两个控制器组件以提供独特的、具有专利的容错运行结构，极大地增强了可靠性。16 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Thetwocontrolprocessorsworkingtogetherasafault-tolerantpair.Providecontinuousoperationofcontrolintheeventofanyhardwarefailureoccurringwithinonemoduleofthepair,bothmodulesreceiveandprocessinformationsimultaneously,andfaultsaredetectedbythemodulesthemselves.Oneofthesignificantmethodsoffaultdetectioniscomparisonofcommunicationmessagesatthemoduleexternalinterfaces.Upondetectionofafault,self-diagnosticsarerunbybothmodulestodeterminewhichmoduleisdefective.Thenon-defectivemodulethenassumescontrolwithoutaffectingnormalsystemoperations.两个控制处理机组成一个容错对，当其中一个组件发生硬件故障时，这个容错对仍然能提供连续的操作，两个组件同步接受和处理信息，故障由组件各自检测，故障检测的一个主要办法是，比较组件外部接口上的通讯信息，一旦检测到故障，两个组件都进行自诊断，以确定哪个组件失效，无故障的组件继续承担控制任务，而不影响系统的正常运行。2.1.3Thecontrolnetwork控制网ThecontrolnetworkconsistsofanumberofEthernetswitchs.Thecontrolnetworkconfigurationallowshighavailabilitybyprovidingredundantdatapathsandeliminatingsinglepointsoffailure.Theflexibilityofthearchitectureallowsyoutodesignanetworkconfigurationthatfitstheneedsofthecontrolsystem.Configurationscanbeassimpleashostworkstationconnecteddirectlytoacontroller,orascomplexasamulti-switchEthernet17 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02network,communicatingatspeedsupto1gigabitpersecond.Highspeed,coupledwithredundancyandpeer-to-peercharacteristics,provideshighperformanceandavailability.通讯网络由一系列全以太网交换机组成，连接系统内各设备，全双工的数据公路，消除了单点故障的可能。为系统提供了高度的可靠性。网络结构的灵活性可以在系统设计时针对控制系统的要求进行网络组态配置。从最简单的网络配置，即直接将工程师站与控制处理器连接，到复杂的网络配置，即通过多个交换机间的互连以构成分散的网络星形结构，同时通讯速度可达1GB/S。高速、全冗余以及点对点的通讯特点，为系统提供高性能和更高的安全性。2.1.4I/OCard输入/输出组件2.1.4.14-20mAInputModule4-20mA输入接口组件Ithassixteen4-20mAanaloginputchannels,eachchannelacceptaninputsignaloftwo-wiretypeanalogsensor.ThecardperformssignaltransformationfrominterfacewhichisprovidedtheinputsignaloffieldsensorandredundantI/Obus.具有十六路4-20mA模拟量输入通道，每路通道可接受一个二线制模拟量传感器输入。该组件完成现场传感器来的输入信号与冗余的I/O总线之间接口所需的信号的转换。2.1.4.2Thermocouple/mVInputModule热电偶/mV输入接口组件Ithassixteenchannelsforisolatedthermocoupleinput18 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02channel.具有十六路隔离热电偶输入通道，具有接受用于各种温度范围的标准热电偶。2.1.4.34-20mAOutputModule4-20mA输出接口组件Ithaseightchannelsfor4-20mAanalogoutputchannel.具有八路4-20mAdc模拟量输出通道。2.1.4.4RTDinputmodule热电阻输入接口组件IthaseightchannelsforisolatedRTDinputchannels.具有八路隔离的热电阻输入通道。2.1.4.5Contact/DcInputModule触点/dc输入接口组件Ithassixteenchannelsfor24Vdccontactsenseorladderlogic,inputfiltertime,channelisolated.具有十六路隔离的用于作为24Vdc触点传感器输入。2.1.4.6Pulseinputmodule脉冲量输入接口组件Ithasthreechannelsforisolatedpulseinputchannel.具有三路隔离的脉冲量输入通道。2.1.4.7Digitalinput/outputmodule数字量输入/输出接口组件19 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Ithastwenty-fourchannelsfordigitalinputchannelandeightchannelfordigitaloutputchannel,groupisolated.具有二十四路隔离的数字量输入通道和八路数字量输出通道。2.1.4.8Digitaloutputmodule数字量输出接口组件Ithassixteenchannelsforexternallysourceddiscreteoutput,channelisolated.具有十六路隔离的数字量输出通道。2.2DEHFunctionDEH功能DEHcontrolsystemcontrolsturbinetostart,rollingprocedure,synchronizeandloadthroughLCDinoperation.Ithastwocontrolmodes,whichisautomaticcontrolandmanuallycontrol.Thetwocontrolmodescanswitcheachotherandtheswitcharenointerferenceeachother.DEH控制系统通过操作员站上的LCD画面控制汽轮机启动、升速、阀切换、并网和带负荷，且具有两种互为跟踪的控制方式，即自动和手动，这两种方式可相互无扰切换。TheDEHcontroldevicehasthefollowingfunction:DEH装置具有以下功能：2.2.1SpeedControl汽机转速控制20 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Thelogicofturbinespeedcontrolwillperformtheentireloopcontrolfromtheturninggeartosynchronizeorover-speedtriptest.Itisofawidespeedcontrolfunction(0-3500RPM/MIN,controlprecisionis±1RPM/MIN)汽轮机转速控制回路实现从盘车转速到同期转速的控制或超速遮断试验控制。对汽机具有大范围的转速控制功能（0-3500RPM/MIN，控制精度为±1RPM/MIN）2.2.2Over-speedProtectionFunction超速保护功能DEHhaveover-speedprotectioncontrolfunction,whentheturbinespeedreaches103%ratedspeed,over-speedprotectioncontroller(OPC)willcloseallofthegovernorvalvesrapidlytoprotectturbine,avoidingturbineover-speed.Afterafewseconds,thegovernorvalvewillautomaticallyopen.Whentheturbinespeedisabovethetrippedspeed(110%ofratedspeed),DEHcontrolsystemwillsendtripsignal,andcloseallvalvesrapidly.当汽机转速超过103%额定转速时，或带负荷后与电网突然解列，OPC将关闭快速地关闭调门，以保护汽机，防止超速。几秒钟后，调门将自动打开。当汽机转速超过110%额定转速时，DEH控制器将发遮断信号，快速关闭所有的阀门。2.2.3Over-speedTripTest超速遮断试验21 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Over-speedtriptestmustbeperformedinDEHcontrolmode,Over-speedtriptesthavetwotestmodesmainly,ismechanicalover-speedtriptestandelectricover-speedtest.在DEH控制下可进行超速遮断试验，超速遮断试验主要有两种试验方式，即机械超速遮断试验和电超速遮断试验。2.2.4Synchronization同期Whentheturbinespeedreaches3000rpm,operatoraccessautomaticallysynchronizecontrol,theturbinethatacceptincrease/decreasesignalfromsynchronizingdevicecontroltheturbinespeed,andperformsynchronizing.当汽轮机的转速抵达3000RPM时，进入自动同期控制，汽轮机接受同期装置来的增/减信号控制汽轮机转速，实现同期。2.2.5LoadControl负荷控制Aftertheturbinespeedisatratedspeed,synchronize,load,operatorwillcontrolloadaccordingtopre-giventargetloadandaccelerationrate.当汽轮机的转速达到额定转速且同期、并网后，操作员将按选定的目标负荷和速率来控制负荷到额定值。2.2.6FunctionofInitialLoad带初始负荷的功能Whenthegeneratorbreakerisclosed,aninitialloadof22 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02approximately5%isautomaticallytakenbyDEH.当油开关闭合，DEH将自动突加5%的初始负荷。2.2.7FunctionofLoadLimited负荷限制功能Itisofprotectinggeneratorandpreventingover-loadfunction.Theload-limitedvaluecanbesetorchangeaccordingtotheoperator’srequirement.Whentheloadreachthelimitedvalue,thefunctionofloadlimitedwilldecreaseloadsetting-pointautomatically.Thefunctionofloadlimitedmustbegoingintobyoperatorinadvance.具有保护发电机，防止超负荷的功能。负荷限制值可由操作员根据要求设置或改变，当负荷达到此限制值时，限制功能将自动降低负荷设定，这一限制功能必须先由操作员投入才有效。2.2.8OnceTransferFrequency一次调频功能DEHwillacceptfrequencydifferencesignalandcontrolturbineloading,inordertoengageoncetransferfrequency.为了实现一次调频，DEH将接受频差信号来控制汽轮机的负荷。2.2.9RemoteControlMode遥控方式Inremotecontrolmode,DEHwillaccept4～20mAsignalsfromCCS,andcontrolturbineload,toachieveharmoniouscontrolbetweentheboilerandtheturbine.23 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02在遥控控制方式下，DEH将接受来自CCS的4～20mA信号，并控制汽轮机的负荷，以实现机炉协调控制。2.2.10FunctionofValveTest阀门试验功能Afunctionoftheturbinevalvetestistobeperformedandcanbemadewhiletheunitiscarryingload.Thepurposeofthistestistoensureproper,safetyoperation,tosupervisevalveflexible.Whentheturbineisrun,theturbinesteamvalvecantestforcertainperiod.当机组带负荷时，可进行阀门试验。该试验的目的是确保机组合适、安全的运行，检查阀门的灵活性。机组运行时，阀门需定期进行试验。2.2.11FunctionofThrottlePressureLimited主蒸汽压力限制功能Afunctionofthethrottlepressurelimitedistobeperformed.Operatorsetsthethrottlepressurelimitedvalue.Whenthethrottlepressureislessthanthethrottlepressure’ssetting-point,thegovernorvalvewillclosetomaintainthethrottlepressure.执行主蒸汽压力限制功能时由操作员设定主蒸汽压力限制值，当主蒸汽压力小于主蒸汽压力的设定值时，调门将关闭以维护主蒸汽压力。2.2.12Manual/AutomaticControlMode手/自动控制方式DEHpossesstwocontrolmodes:manualcontrolmodeandautomatic24 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02controlmode,theturbinemainlycontrolmodeisautomaticcontrolmode,manualcontrolmodeisstandby,manualandautomaticmodesfolloweachother.Whenautomaticcontrolmodeisfault,forexample:twochannelstakeplacefault,DEHwillswitchtomanualcontrolmodefromautomaticcontrolmode,theswitchisnointerferenceeachother,thusoperatorcontrolgovernordirectlyinmanualcontrolmode.DEHwillswitchfrommanualcontrolmodetoautomaticcontrolmodewhentheautomaticcontrolmoderestoringnormal.DEH具有二种控制方式：手动控制方式和自动控制方式。汽机主要的控制方式是自动控制方式，手动控制方式备用，手/自动控制方式相互跟踪。当自动控制方式故障，如：二个通道故障，DEH将从自动控制方式切换到手动控制方式，切换是无扰动的，这样在手动控制方式下，操作员能直接控制阀门。当自动控制方式恢复正常，DEH将从手动控制方式切换到自动控制方式。2.2.13FunctionofSimulation仿真功能Accordingtothecharacteroftheturbinerunning,DEHwillsimulateturbinespeed,loadandmakecontrolsystemtoformclosedloopsystem,inspecttheintegralityoftheentirecontrolsystem.按照汽机运行特征，DEH将仿真汽机的转速、负荷，并使控制系统构成一个闭环的系统，以检查整个控制系统的完整性。2.2.14DataDisplayandAlarmPrint数据显示和报警打印25 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Accordingtotherequirement,DEHwilldisplaytheturbineoperationparameterandresponsetheturbineoperationstatusintime.Whentheturbineappearstoalarmsignal,theprinterwillrecordfaultystatus.根据要求，DEH将及时显示汽机运行参数和反映运行状态。当汽机出现报警信号时，打印机将打印故障状态。2.2.15TurbineStatusSupervisory汽机状态监测Operatorsupervisesvariousparametersforturbinestarting.操作员监测汽机启动状态的各种参数。2.3MainOperatingMenuIntroduction主要操作画面介绍2.3.1ControlModeMenu控制方式操作画面Thecontrolmodemenuincludesmanuallycontrolmode,automaticcontrolmode,AScontrolmodeandADScontrolmode.主要有手动控制方式、自动控制方式、AS控制方式、ADS控制方式。2.3.2FeedbackLoopMenu反馈回路操作画面ThefeedbackloopmenuincludesonceTransferFrequencyin/out,theloadfeedbackloopin/out.主要有一次调频回路投入及切除操作画面、功率反馈回路投入或切除26 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02操作画面。2.3.3TurbineLimitedValueMenu汽机限制值操作画面Theturbinelimitedvalueincludevalvelimited,loadlimited,throttlepressurelimited,remotethrottlepressurelimited.主要有阀位限制操作画面、高负荷限制操作画面、主蒸汽压力低限操作画面、遥控主蒸汽压力低限操作画面。2.3.4ValveIndicatorandValveTestMenu阀门行程指示及阀门试验操作画面Thevalveindicatorsincludethestopvalveindicator,high-pressuregovernorvalveindicator,interceptorvalveindicatorandreheatstopvalveindicator.Thevalvetestmenusincludestopvalvetest,high-pressuregovernorvalvetest,interceptorvalvetestandreheatstopvalvetest.各阀门行程指示主要有主汽门、高压调门、中压调门、再热主汽门行程指示,阀门试验主要有主汽门、高压调门、中压调门、再热主汽门试验。3.OperatorInterface操作人员接口Theoperator’sinterface,whichisusuallylocatedinthecontrolroom,istheunit’scontrolcenter.Theinterfaceconsistsofakeyboard,mouse,LCD,manuallyoperatorpanelandprinter.操作人员接口通常安置于控制室内，它是机组的控制中心。该接口包27 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02括键盘、鼠标、LCD、手动操作面板及打印机。3.1Keyboard,Mouse,LCD键盘、鼠标、LCDThroughtheuseofthekeyboardormouse,pre-designedgraphicpagescanbeaccessed.Toachievethegoalofturbinecontrol,operatorselectcontrolmode,turbinespeed,turbineload,ratechangevalue.通过键盘或鼠标操作进入已设计好的用户画面，由操作人员来选择运行方式、转速、负荷及速率变化值，以达到控制汽机的目的。3.2Printer打印机Accordingtotherequirement,whentheturbineappearstoalarmsignal,theprinterwillrecordfaultystatus,alarmdataandmessage.Thustheprinterwilldisplaytheturbineoperationparameterandresponsetheturbineoperationstatusintime.根据要求，当汽轮机出现报警信号时，打印机将记录故障状态，报警数据和信息。这样，打印机就能及时记录汽轮机的运行参数，并能及时的反应汽轮机的运行状态。4.ActuatorControlSystem蒸汽阀门控制系统TheEHservo-actuatorisoneimportantcomponentinDEHcontrolsystem.Thereare10actuatorsinDEHsystemof142MWturbineunit,28 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02whichcontroltheliftingof2HPstopvalves,4HPgoverningvalves,2reheatstopvalvesand2reheatinterceptorvalvesindividually.Duetothedifferentcontrolobjectanddifferenttype,the10actuatorsaredividedintofourcategories.EH油动机是DEH控制系统中的一个重要部分，该142MW机组的DEH控制系统共由10个油动机组成的，由于控制不同的对象和不同的型式，这十个油动机分成四种，其中二个高压主汽门、四个高压调门、二个再热主汽门和二个再热调门。TheopeningofhydrauliccylinderofactuatorismovedbyEHfluidpressureandclosedbyspringingforce.Thesinglesideentrancehydrauliccylinderconnectswithacontrolblockonwhichshutoffvalvesunloadvalvesandcheckvalvesaremounted.Inadditiontodifferentsubassemblies,twofundamentaltypeactuatorsareconsisted(i.e.open-closetypeandcontroltypeactuators).油动机是通过EH压力油来开的，关靠弹簧力。单侧油动机与一控制块相连，在该控制块上装有截止阀、卸载阀和逆止阀等。根据不同的组件，组成两种基本型式，即开-关式和控制式。Inordertokeeptheimpactstressbetweenvalvediscandseatwithinallowablelimitduringtheactuatorclosingquickly,ahydraulicdampingdeviceisequippedattheendofactuatorpistonthatmaytransformthemainpartofkineticenergyintohydraulicenergybeforeimpactingandlastmomentofaction.在阀门快速关闭过程中，为了保持阀体和阀座之间的冲击应力在允许的限值，一个放置在油动机活塞末端的阻尼块可把大部分动力能量转换为液压能量。29 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Thefourtypeactuatorsofsteamvalvesaredescribedasfollowing:以下是四种类型蒸汽阀门的说明：4.1HPStopValveActuatorAssemblies高压主汽门油动机油动机Theseactuatorsbelongtocontroltype,whichcontrolthesteamvalveatanyintermediatepositionandcontrolthesteamflowinproportionaltomeettherequirement.SeeFig.4-1.该种型式的油动机是控制式的油动机，能在任意中间位置控制蒸汽阀，并能按比例控制蒸汽流，以满足要求。见图4-1。WorkPrincipleisasfollows:工作原理如下：WhentheDEHcontrolleroperating,theelectricalsignalcontrollingtheactuatorliftingisenlargedthroughamplifierandtransformedintohydraulicsignal,whichmovesthespoolofservovalve.Theenlargedhydraulicsignalcausesthehigh-pressurefluidadmittingundertheactuatorcylinderpistonandmovingthepistonupwardtoopenthegovernorvalvethroughaleverlinkageorcausesthehighpressurefluidreleasingfromthebottomchamberofpistonandmovingthepistondownwardbyspringforcetoclosethegovernorvalve.Whenthecylinderpistonmoves,alinearvariabledifferentialtransformer(LVDT)producesanelectricalsignalproportionaltothepistondisplacementasafeedbacksignal.ThissignalandacontrolsignalfromtheDEHcontrollerplus(i.e.are30 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02subtractedinfactbecausetheirpolarityareopposite)byaservoamplifiertoproduceapistonerrorsignal.Theerrorsignalcontinuestooperatethevalveuntildemandandactualsignalscanceleachother.Atthistime,thespoolofservovalvereturnstoitsmidpositionandthereisnohigh-pressurefluidadmittingintothebottomchamberofactuatororreleasingfromit.Thegovernorvalveisstoppingtomoveandstayingatanewposition.当DEH控制器起作用时，控制油动机提升的电调信号通过功放卡放大后，转换成液压信号，该液压信号所产生的高压油进入油动机油缸的下面，并推动油缸，通过杠杆联动来打开主汽门。或让所产生的高压油从活塞缸底部泄放，并通过弹簧力向下移动活塞来关闭主汽门。当活塞缸移动时，一个线性位移差动式传感器即LVDT产生一个活塞位置信号作为反馈信号。该信号和来自DEH控制器的控制信号通过伺服功放卡相加（实际是相减，因为它们的极性正好相反），产生一个偏差信号。该偏差信号起作用到一定值，这时，油动机就停在该位置，高压油不进入油动机油缸的下面，也不从活塞缸底部泄放，主汽门就在一个新位置而不动。Thereisanunloadvalveonthehydrauliccylinderofactuators.Whenthesteamturbineneedstobetrippedandemergencytripfluidisdrained,theunloadvalvewillbeopenedquicklytoreleasethehighpressurefluidfromthebottomchamberofhydrauliccylinderandvalvewillbeclosedquicklybytheactionofspringforce.油动机的油缸上有卸载阀。当汽轮机需要停机和危急遮断油泄去时，泄载阀将快速打开，以泄放油缸底部的高压油，并且该阀依靠弹簧力快速关闭。31 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02B-BBBDPHPASTφ32x2φ16x2φ16x2Fig.4-1TVSERVOACTUATOR图4-1主汽门油动机MOOG32 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E024.2GovernorandinterceptorvalveActuatorAssemblies高压调节汽阀油动机及再热调节汽阀油动机Excepttheirphysicaldimensionsaredifferent,theworkingprincipalandassembly’stypeoftheseactuatorsareidentical;theycanbedescribedincommon.该油动机除了尺寸不同之外，它们的工作原理和组件型式是相同的。共同点如下：Theseactuatorsarealsocontroltype,whichcontrolthesteamvalveatanyintermediatepositionandcontrolthesteamflowinproportionaltomeettherequirement.该种型式的油动机也是控制式的油动机，能在任意中间位置控制蒸汽阀，并能按比例控制蒸汽流，以满足要求。Thereisanunloadvalveonthehydrauliccylinderofactuators.WhenthesteamturbineneedstobetrippedandOPCfluidisdrained,theunloadvalvewillbeopenedquicklytoreleasethehighpressurefluidfromthebottomchamberofhydrauliccylinderandvalvewillbeclosedquicklybytheactionofspringforce.SeeFig.4-2a.油动机的油缸上有卸载阀。当汽轮机需要停机和OPC油泄去时，泄载阀将快速打开，以泄放油缸底部的高压油，并且该阀依靠弹簧力快速关闭。见图4-2a。33 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E0212黄YELLOW屏蔽11BROWN棕10黑9BLACK绿GREENBLUE蓝屏蔽屏蔽7线性位移差动变送器RED红AA68(+)4棕45BROWN3黑3BLACK(+)2橙2ORANGE电液转换器(-)1(-)RED红1AADPOPCHPφ16X2Fig.4-2aGVSERVOACTUATOR图4-2a调节汽阀油动机34 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E024.3ReheatStopValveActuatorAssembly再热主汽门油动机Theseactuatorsbelongtoopen-closetypeandthevalveisworkingatwideopenorfullclosedposition.Andthisactuatorismountedonreheatstopvalvespringhousinganditspistonrodisconnecteddirectlytothereheatstopvalvepistonrod.Therefore,upwardmovementofthepistonopensthevalveanddownwardmovementclosesthevalve.Theactuatorissingleactingandhigh-pressurefluidprovidestheforceforopeningthevalveandthespringprovidestheforcetoclosethevalve.SeeFig.4-3.再热主汽门油动机是开-关式油动机，并且该阀在全开或全关位置工作。该油动机是装在再热主汽门弹簧箱上，它的活塞杆与再热主汽门活塞杆直接相连。因此，活塞向上运动开启阀门，向下运动关闭阀门。该油动机是单侧作用的，高压油提供的力是开汽门，关汽门靠弹簧力。见图4-3。35 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02AADPHPASTφ32X2φ16X2φ16X2AAFig.4-3RSVACTUATOR图4-3再热主汽门油动机CC36 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E025.FluidSupplyPortionEH供油系统Thefluidsupplyportionconsistsoffluidsupplyapparatus,fireresistantfluidpolishingassemblyandothercomponentsonthefluidpiping.EH供油部分包括供油装置、抗燃油精密组件和油管道上的其它组件。5.1FluidSupplyApparatus供油装置Thefluidsupplyapparatusprovidespressurizedfluidrequiredbycontrolportionandmaintainsthefluidquality.Itconsistsoffluidreservoir,fluidpumps,controlblock,fluidfilters,magneticplugs,reliefvalve,accumulators,heatexchangers,EHterminalboxandsomestandardinstruments,forthealarm,indicationandcontrolofthefluidpressure,fluidtemperature,fluidlevel.SeeFig.5.供油装置提供控制部分所需要的油及压力，同时仍保持油的完好无缺。它由油箱、油泵、控制块、滤油器、磁棒、溢流阀、蓄压器、冷油器、EH端子盒和一些用于油压、油温、油位报警、指示和控制使用的标准仪表。见图5。37 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02C向1946AHPφ25进水G1"出水G1"精滤器回油450逆止阀回油取油样DV1DV2放油口滤器回油蓄压器回油Fig.5EHRESERVOIR图5EH组合油箱63/MPF1H63/MPF1L63/MPF2HDV63/MP63/LP63/MPF1L加油口+ONOFFONOFF油箱油温ONOFFONOFFEHRESERVOIRTEMPERATURE滤油泵出口油压FILTEROILPUMPOUTPUTPRESSURESYSTEMPRESSURE系统压力#2OILPUMPOUTPUTPRESSURE2#油泵出口油压A向#1OILPUMPOUTPUTPRESSURE1#油泵出口油压677738 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E025.1.1WorkingPrinciple工作原理TheEHfluidissuckedbyAC.motordrivingaxialpistonpumpfromfluidreservoirviapumpsuctionstrainer.Thepressurizedfluiddischargedfrompumpthroughhigh-pressurefilterflowsintohigh-pressureheaderpiping.Thehigh-pressureoilpipingwhichconnectingtheaccumulatorexportthehigh-pressureEHfluidtoeachactuatorandemergencytripsystem.交流马达驱动的柱塞泵从油箱底部通过泵的吸入滤网吸入EH油液，泵的出口压力油通过高压滤油器流入与蓄压器相连的高压油管路，将输出的EH高压油到提供每个油动机和危急遮断系统。TheconstantpressurepumpregulatesEHsystempressureat13.8Mpa(2000psig),whenfluidpressureinhigh-pressureheaderreaches16.2Mpa,thereliefvalvewillopentoreleaseEHfluidtoreservoirandprotectsystemagainstoverpressure.Thedrainfromeachactuatorthroughpressurizeddrainpipingandheatexchangerflowsintoreservoir.Thepressureswitchonthehigh-pressureheadercansstartupthestand-bypumpautomatically.Inthereservoirtheapparatusforfluidlevelalarmandtripareequipped.Thefluidlevelindicatorisassembledonthereservoir.恒压泵控制EH系统的压力在13.8Mpa(2000psig)。当高压总管的油压达到16.2Mpa时，溢流阀将打开,释放EH油到油箱，以防止系统超压。每39 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02个油动机的回油通过回油管和冷油器进入油箱。在高压油总管上的压力开关能自动启动备用泵。在油箱上装有液位报警和遮断装置，油箱上安装液位指示器。5.1.2MainEquipmentsofFluidSupplyPortion供油部分的主要设备5.1.3EHReservoirEH油箱Thedesigncapacityofreservoiris200gallons,whichismadeofstainlesssteel.Amanualdrainvalveisprovidingunderthereservoirbottom.Therearetwolevelswitches(levelalarmandtrip),magneticPlug,fillassembly,controlblockandreservoirheater.设计容量为200加仑的不锈钢油箱，油箱底部有一个手动的泄放阀，油箱上设有二个液位开关（液位报警和遮断）、磁性棒、加油接口、控制块和油箱加热器。5.1.3.1FluidPump油泵Inordertoraisethereliabilityoffluidsupplysystem,adouble-pumpsystemisused,thatis,onepumpisinoperationandtheotherisinstandbycondition.ThetwopumpsaremountedbeneaththeEHfluidreservoirtoensurepositionsuction.为了提高供油系统的可靠性，采用二台泵冗余方式，一台泵运行时，另一台泵备用，二台泵安装在EH油箱的下方，以保证正吸入压头。40 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E025.1.3.2ControlBlock控制块ThecontrolblockismountedonthetopofEHreservoironwhichfollowingcomponentscanbeassembled:控制块装在EH油箱顶部，它加工成能安装下列部件：a.Two3-micrometerfilters,eachofthemcanbeassembledseparatelyandclosely.二个3微米滤器，每一个滤器均分开安装及封闭。b.Twocheckvalvesareassembledinthehighpressurepipingofdischargesideofeachpump.二个逆止阀装在每个泵的出口侧高压油路中。c.Areliefvalveissituatedinhighpressurepipingdownstreamthecheckvalve.Itisusedtomonitorthefluidpressureandwilldrainthefluidtoreservoiraslongasthefluidpressureabovethedesignvalue.一个溢流阀位于逆止阀之后的高压油路中，它用来监视油压，并且当油压高于设计所要求的值时，将油送回油箱。d.Two-shutoffvalvesaremountedinthehighpressurepipingdownstreamtheunloadvalve.Theyopenfullyatnormalcondition.Ifthestrainer,checkvalve,andpumpinonechannelneedtobemaintainedorreplaced,oneoftheshutoffvalvesinthischannelmustbeclosed.Thisjustisolatesonechannelinthedoublechannelsystemanddoesnotaffecttheoperationofunit.二个截止阀装在通向卸载阀的高压油管路上，正常时全开。如果一路41 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02通道上的滤器、逆止阀和泵需要维修或调换，可关闭其中的一个截止阀，只隔绝双重系统的一路，不会影响汽轮机的运行。5.1.3.3MagneticPlug磁棒Fourhollowstainlesssteelshanksfilledwithmagnetareimmersedinthefluid.Anyoneofthemcanbedismountedtobecleaned.四个装有磁钢的空心不锈钢杆全部浸在油中。每个杆可以分别拆出进行清洗。5.1.3.4Accumulator蓄能器Ahigh-pressureaccumulatorismountedasidereservoir,whichisusedtomaintainthepressureofreliefvalvetopreventitagainstvibration.Theaccumulatorisconnectedwithfluidsystemviaanaccumulatorblockonwhichashutoffvalveismounted.Thisvalvecanisolatetheaccumulatorfromthesystemtotestormaintain.一个高压蓄能器装在油箱的旁边，用来维持溢流阀的压力，以防止它们发生波动。蓄能器通过一个蓄能器块与油系统相连，蓄能器块上有一个截止阀能够将蓄能器与系统隔绝，以进行试验或维修。5.1.3.5Cooler冷油器Twocoolersaremountedonthesideofthereservoir.Thecoolingwaterflowsthroughinitstubeswhilethesystemfluidflowsaroundthebundleintheshell.42 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02二个冷油器装在油箱边上。冷却水在管内流过，而系统中的油在冷油器外壳内环绕管束流动。5.1.3.6EHTerminalBoxEH端子盒Theelectricalterminalblockandfollowingpressureswitchesareassembledinthebox:端子盒中装有接线端子排和以下的压力开关：a.Twopressuredifferentialswitches(63/MPF-1,63/MPF-2).Eachindicatespressuredifferentialsontheinletandoutletsidesofthefilteredcartridgemountedinthepumpdischargecircuit.Ifthepressuredifferentialreaches0.69Mpa,theswitchescauseanalarmtosound,indicatingthatthefilteriscloggedandneedstobecleanedorreplaced.二个压差开关（63/MPF-1、63/MPF-2）。每个压差开关指示监视装在油泵出口油路上的滤芯进口侧及出口侧的压差。如果压差达到0.69Mpa，则开关就会发出音响报警信号，以表示此滤器被堵塞，并且需要清洗或调换。b.Onepressureswitch(63/MP)sensesthefluidsystemlowpressureandissettocloseacontactandstartthefluidstandbypumpondecreasingpressureat11Mpa.一个压力开关（63/MP）感受系统压力过低信号，当压力减少到11Mpa时，接点闭合并起动备用泵。c.OnepressuretransducerXD/EHPconverts0～21Mpapressure43 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02signalto4～20mAcurrentsignal.ThissignalisusedbytheplantcomputerformonitoringtheEHfluidpressure.一个压力传感器（XD/EHP）将0～21Mpa的压力信号转换成4～20mA的电流信号。此信号送到电厂控制系统，以监视EH油压。5.1.3.7FloatTypeFluidLevel浮子型液位开关(71/FL-1、71/FL-2、71/FL-3、71/FL-4)Fourfloattypefluidlevelalarmsaremountedonthereservoirtopplate.Whenfluidlevelchanges,itmovestheswitchmechanismandcausesanalarmforhigh,lowfluidlevel.Itactuatestripswitchatlow-lowlimitfluidlevel.四个浮子型液位报警装置安装在油箱的顶部。当液位改变时，推动开关机构，引起高、低液位报警。在低-低液位，遮断开关动作。5.1.3.8CheckValve逆止阀Onespring-loadedcheckvalveismountedonthepressurizeddrainlinetoreservoir.Thisallowsthedrainfluidreturnreservoirdirectlytobypassthefilterandcoolerifeitherofthembecomescloggedorthedrainpressurebecomesexcessive.一个弹簧加载逆止阀装在去油箱的回油管路上，这样可在滤器和冷油器二者中任一个堵塞时或回油压力过高时，使回油旁路绕过滤器及冷油器。5.2FireResistantFluidandPolishingFilterAssembly抗燃油和精密滤器组件44 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E025.2.1FireResistantFluid抗燃油Thefluidusedinelectrohydrauliccontrolsystemmustbeafire-resistanttri-arylphosphateestertypeliquidandshouldsatisfywithtypicalcharacteristicsparameterinthesection7.2.Normally,电液控制系统所用抗燃油必须是一种抗燃性的三芳基磷酸脂液体，并应满足列于7.2的典型特性参数。5.2.2PolishingFilterAssembly精密滤器组件ThepolishingfilterassemblyisusedtostoreabsorbentandkeeptheEHfluidcleansing(maintainingthefluidneutralizationnumberandremovingwaterparticlesetc.).TheassemblymainlyconsistsofFullersEarthfilterandfinefilter(cellulosefilter).AcellulosefilterisconnectedinserieswithaFuller’sEarthfilter.TheyarelocateddownstreamtwoparallelorificeswhichrestricttheEHfluidflowatthefilterinlettoabout1gallonperminutereturningtoreservoir.SeeFig.5-2.2.精密滤器组件用于贮存吸收剂和保持EH油的清洁（保持油中性，并去除水分子等）。该精密组件主要由硅藻土滤器和波纹纤维滤器组成。波纹纤维滤器是与单个硅藻土滤器串联连接。它们位于二个并行节流孔后，此节流管路将使大约每分钟1加仑的油流过滤器组件，送回油箱。见图5-2.2。Apressuregaugeisassembledoneachfilter.Whenthegauge45 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02indicatesabnormallyhighpressure,servicingofthefilterisrequired.Thefiltercartridgeofbothfilterscanbereplaced.Whentheshutoffvalveinthelineclosed,thefiltercovercanbedismountedtoreplacethefiltercartridge.Ifthepressureineitherfilterrisesto0.21MpawithEHfluidtemperaturebetween43℃～54℃,thefiltercartridgeshouldbereplaced.每个滤器装有一个压力表。当滤器需要检修时，此压力表就指示出不正常的高压力。二个滤器的滤芯均为可调换的。当管路上的截止阀关闭时，滤器盖可以拆去，以便调换滤芯。如果任一个滤器油温在43℃～54℃之间，压力高达0.21Mpa表压时，就需要调换滤芯。Theassemblyshouldoperatorcontinuously8hourseachweek,withinthefirstmonthaftertheunitputtingintoservice.Inthefollowingdays,accordingtothetestingresultofthefluidtodeterminewhethertheassemblyshouldbeputintoservice.当机组投入运行后的第一个月里，该精密滤器组件能一星期连续8小时运行。以后，按照油的测试结果来决定是否需投入精密滤器组件。46 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02截止阀O-RINGSO型圈STOPVALVEFILTERSHELLANDELEMENT滤器壳体及滤芯纤维素滤器CELLULOSEFILTERFUELDRAINPLUG排油塞φ0.8ORIFICEφ0.8节流孔φ1.6ORIFICEφ1.6节流孔Fig.5-2.2EHPOLISHINGFILTER图5-2.2精密滤器组件压力表PRESSUREGAGE截止阀O型圈STOPVALVEO-RINGS硅藻土滤器截止阀滤器壳体及滤芯DIATOMITEFILTERSTOPVALVEEH油进口EHOILINPUTFILTERSHELLANDELEMENT5.3HPandLPAccumulators高压、低压蓄能器Twoaccumulatorsubassembliesaremountedontwosupportingracks.Eachrackthatmountedwithtwohigh-pressureaccumulators47 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02andtwolow-pressureaccumulatorsislocatednearHPstopvalveandgovernorvalveactuatorassemblies.Asdamper,theycontainthefluidpressurewhentheloaddropsquickly.Eachaccumulatorisconnectedwithablock.Thisaccumulatorblockcanisolatedanyoftheseaccumulatorsthroughvalvefortesting、rechargingormaintenance.SeeFig.5-3.两组蓄能器组件分别装在两个支架上，每个支架上装有两个高压蓄能器及两个低压蓄能器，两个支架分别位于主汽门油动机与调节汽阀油动机附近。它们作为缓冲器，在油动机快速动作时，吸收管路中的油压波动。每个蓄能器均与一个集合块相连，此集合块可通过阀门隔绝任何一个蓄能器，以进行试验、重新充气或检修。见图5-3。48 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Fig.5-3ACCUMULATOR图5-3蓄能器组件6.EmergencyTripSystem危急遮断系统Inordertopreventtheturbineinoperationfrommajordamageduetothemalfunctionofsomeequipment,anemergencytripsystemisequippedintheturbine.Atabnormalcondition,itcausestheturbinetotripemergent,sothattheturbineisprotectedinsafety.Theemergencytripsystemmonitorscertainturbineparametersandclosesallturbinesteaminletvalveswhentheoperatinglimitsof49 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02theseparametersareexceeded.Theparametersmonitoredarethefollowing:为了防止汽轮机运行时由于某些设备的故障而引起损害，汽轮机上安装危急遮断系统。在不正常的情况下可使机组紧急停机，保证机组的安全。危急遮断系统监视汽机参数，当这些参数超过其运行限制值时，该系统就关闭全部汽轮机蒸汽进汽阀门。被监视的参数有如下各项：Turbineoverspeed汽轮机超速Thrustbearingwear推力轴承磨损Lowbearingoilpressure轴承油压过低Lowcondenservacuum冷凝器真空过低LowEHfluidpressure抗燃油压过低Inaddition,aremotetripconnectionthatacceptsalladditionalexternaltripsisalsoprovided.另外还提供一个可接受所有外部遮断信号的遥控遮断接口。Theemergencytripsystemconsistsofanemergencytripcontrolblockwith4autostoptripsolenoidvalves(20/AST)and2overspeedprotectioncontrolvalves(20/OPC),1interfacediaphragmvalve,2checkvalvesandseveralpressureswitches.危急遮断系统是由一个带有四个自动停机遮断电磁阀（20/AST）和二个超速保护控制器电磁阀（20/OPC）组成的控制块、一个隔膜阀、二个截止阀和几个压力开关组成。Aseparatemechanicaloverspeedprotectionsystemis50 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02provided.SeeFig.6.除此之外，还有一套机械超速保安系统。见图6.危急遮断器EMERGECYOVERSPEEDTRIPPRESSOILSAFETYOILRESETOILDRAINOILLEGEND高压油安全油复位油回油图例至危急遮断器OILSPRAYTESTING喷油试验装置TOEMERGECYOVERSPEEDTRIPOVERSPEEDINDICATOR超速指示器drin回油drain回油EMERGENCYTRIPTESTOILRELAY危急遮断试验油门去隔膜阀TODIAPHRAGMVALVEdrain回油REMOTETRIPDEVICE危急遮断装置右旋转方向危急遮断油门转子旋转EMERGENCYTRIPOILRELAYdraindrain回油Fig.6PROTECTINGSYSTEMDIAGRAM图6保安系统原理危急遮断复位装置PEDREMOTEOVERSPEEDLATCHABoil压力油51 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E026.1ASTSolenoidValves(20/AST)AST自动停机遮断电磁阀（20/AST）Theyareenergizedclosedundernormaloperatingcondition.Whenthesolenoidvalvesareclosed,theyblockthepathtodrainoftheautostopemergencytripheaderfluidandpressurecanbeestablishedundersteamvalveactuatorpiston.Whenthesolenoidvalvesopen,theheaderfluidgoestodrainandcausesthesteaminletvalvestocloseandtriptheturbine.The20/ASTsolenoidvalvesarearrangedintoaseries-parallelconfigurationtoprovideredundantprotection.Atleastonesolenoidvalvefromeachchannelmusttoopentocauseatrip.在正常运行时它们是被励磁关闭，从而封闭了自动停机危急遮断总管中抗燃油的泄油通道，使所有蒸汽阀执行机构活塞下的油压就可建立起来。当电磁阀打开，则总管泄油，导致所有蒸汽阀关闭而停机。20/AST电磁阀是组成串并联布置，这样就具有多重的保护性。每个通道中至少必须有一只电磁阀打开，才可导致停机。6.2OPCSolenoidValves(20/OPC)OPC超速保护控制器电磁阀（20/OPC）TheyareoverspeedprotectioncontrolsolenoidsandarecontrolledbytheOPCportionoftheDEHcontroller.Theyarearrangedinparallelandarede-energizedclosedundernormaloperatingcondition.Intheclosedposition,theyblockapathtodrainoftheOPCtripheaderfluidandpressurecanbeestablished52 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02undergovernorvalveandreheatinterceptorvalveactuatorpiston.IntheeventofanOPCaction,suchastheunitspeedreaches103%ratedspeed,thesolenoidvalvesopenreleasingtheOPCtripheaderfluidtodraintherebyunseatingthedumpingvalvesandcausingtheimmediateclosingofthegovernorvalvesandreheatinterceptorvalves.SeeFig.6-2.它们是超速保护控制器的电磁阀，受DEH控制器的OPC功能所控制，布置成并联。正常运行时，电磁阀（20/OPC）被关闭，封闭了OPC总管油液的泄放通道，使调节汽阀和再热调节汽阀的执行机构活塞下建立起油压。一旦OPC动作，如转速超过103%额定转速时，该两电磁阀就打开，使OPC母管油液泄放。这样，执行机构上的快速卸载阀就开启，使调节汽阀和再热调节汽阀立即关闭。见图6-2。53 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02S20-1OPCIDVALVEBLOCKOPCSOLENOIDVALVEBLOCKOPC电磁阀功能符号S20-1ASTAST电磁阀功能符号ASTSOLENOIDVALVEBLOCKFig.6-2AST、OPCSOLENO图6-2AST、OPC电磁阀OPCSOLENOIDVALVEBLOCK(NC)ASTSOLENOIDVALVEBLOCK(NO)OPC母管接常闭型电磁阀AST母管接常开型电磁阀6.3EmergencyTripControlBlock危急遮断控制块Thisblock’smainfunctionistoprovidetheconnectionbetweentheautostopemergencytripheader(AST)andtheoverspeed54 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02protectioncontroltripheader(OPC).SeeFig.6-3.Fig.6-3a.该控制块的主要功能是在自动停机遮断与超速保护控制器遮断母管之间提供接口。见图6-3、图6-3a。Sixsolenoidvalvesaremountedonthecontrolblockandtwocheckvalvesarecontainedinsideofit.Somenecessarypassagesaremachinedintheblocktoconnecteachcomponent.Allopeningsanddrilledpassagesconnectinginternalchannelarepluggedwiththreadedplug.EachplugissealedwithO-ring.主要的元件是控制块、二只OPC电磁阀、四只AST电磁阀和二只截止阀。所有电磁阀都装于控制块上。控制块内部加工了必要的通道，以连接各元件。所有孔口或为了连接内孔而必须钻通的通孔，都用螺塞塞住，每个螺塞都用“O”形圈密封。55 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02BOLTBOLTPIPINGPORTPIPINGPORTASTSOLENOIDVALVEBLOCKOPCSOLENOIDVALVEBLOCKGASKETBOLTGASKETCLEANBLOCKPIPINGPORTPIPINGPORTCHECKVALVEVALVESEATO-RINGSPLUGSCREWPIPINGPORTPIPINGPORTTHROTTLEPIPEPORTCONTROLBLOCK螺钉螺钉管接头管接头AST电磁阀OPC电磁阀垫片螺钉垫片冲洗块管接头管接头逆止阀阀座O型圈螺塞管接头管接头节流管接头控制块2019181716151413121110987654321785,6A-AFig.6-3LOCALTRIPCONTROLBLOCK图6-3危急遮断控制块ASTOILPORT3AST油接口OPCOILPORT3OPC油接口216HPOILPORT2HP油接口19,201AST油接口ASTOILPORTCONNECTWITH"M"PORT与“M”接口相连20-1AST20-3AST91518IRPILOTVALVE5,6,7,8HPOILPORT10HP油接口CONNECTWITHA4接空气引导阀20-2OPC20-4ASTOPC油接口OPCOILPORTDV2回油接口DRAINOIL2PORT20-1OPC20-2AST13,141711,1210DV1回油接口与“M”接口相连DRAINOIL1PORTCONNECTWITH"M"PORT56 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E022CHANNEL2自动停机20-2AST20-4ASTSSMECHANISMANDMANUALTRIPOILPIPING机械超速和手动遮断总管油CHANNEL1自动停机120-1AST20-3ASTSSFig.6-3aLOCALTRIPCONTROLBLOCKPRINCIPLE图6-3a危急遮断控制块原理SS20-1OPC20-2OPCOPCASTHPDV6.4CheckValves逆止阀Twocheckvalvesaremountedbetweentheautostopemergency57 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02tripheaderpiping(AST)andoverspeedprotectioncontrolheaderpiping(OPC).WhentheOPCvalvesactivate,thecheckvalvespreventthepressureintheautostopemergencytriplinefromdraining,andthestopvalvesandreheatstopvalvesremainopen.Withareductioninspeedtoratedspeed,thesolenoidvalveswillclose,thegovernorvalvesandreheatinterceptorvalveswillreopenandthegovernorvalveswilltakeovercontroloftheturbinespeedandkeepitatratedspeed.WhenASTsolenoidvalvestolosepower,ASTandOPCfluidpressurewilldroptocloseallthesteaminletvalvesandextractionvalvesandshutdowntheunit.在自动停机危急遮断油路和OPC油路之间装有二只逆止阀。当OPC励磁，该逆止阀就用来维持自动停机危急遮断油路中的油压，使主汽门和再热主汽门保持全开。当转速降到额定转速，该两电磁阀关闭，调节汽阀和再热调节汽阀重新打开，从而由调节汽阀来控制转速，使机组维持在额定转速。当AST电磁阀失电，AST和OPC油压将泄压，关闭所有的进汽阀和抽汽阀，并停机。6.5InterfaceDiaphragmValve隔膜阀TheinterfacediaphragmvalveprovidesaninterfacebetweenthelubeoilsystemandtheEHfluidsystem.ItspurposeistotriptheturbinethroughtheEHfluidsystemintheeventofanunacceptabledecayinthelubeoilsystempressure.SeeFig.6-5.隔膜阀联系着润滑油系统与EH油系统。其作用是当润滑油系统压力降到不允许的程度时，可通过EH油系统遮断汽轮机。见图6-5。58 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Thisvalveismountedonthesideofgovernorpedestal.Duringnormaloperationoftheturbine,thevalveisheldintheclosedpositionbyhigh-pressureoilfromthelubesystemsuppliedtoachamberabovethediaphragminthevalvebonnet.ThispressureactsagainstthediaphragmtoovercomethecompressionofthespringandholdthevalveintheclosedpositionthusblockingapathtodraintheASTfluidheaderandallowingtheEHsystemtobelatched.隔膜阀装于前轴承座上。当汽轮机正常运行时，润滑系统的高压油通入阀盖内隔膜上面的腔室中，使阀保持关闭。此作用于隔膜上的油压，克服了弹簧压力，使阀保持在关闭位置，堵住AST油母管通回油的通道，使EH系统投入工作。Afunctioningoftheoverspeedtripmechanismorthemanualoilsprayingtestdevice,orboth,willcausealossordecayofoilpressureabovethediaphragmvalveandallowthecompressionspringtoopenthevalveandreleasetheASTfluidtodrain.ThelossofASTpressurewillcauseallsteaminletvalvesandextractionvalvestoclose.超速遮断机构或手动喷油试验装置的单独动作，或同时动作，均能使隔膜阀上部油压力消失或降低，因而使压缩弹簧打开阀门，把AST油排到回油管。AST油压的消失，将关闭所有的进汽阀与抽汽阀。59 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02SAFETYOIL回油安全油ASTDVFig.6-5DIAPHRAGMVALVE图6-5隔膜阀60 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E026.6Emergencygovernor危急遮断器Theeccentricringtypeemergencygovernorsisinstalledonrotorextensionandemergencygovernorpilotvlaveisinstalledinturbinefrontbearingpedestal.SeeFig.6-6.在汽轮机前轴承座内，汽轮机转子的延伸短轴上装有一只飞环式危急遮断器，与之相应的危急遮断油门。见图6-6。Duetoeccentricityofeccentricring,emergencygovernorcreatescentrifugalforceinhigh-speedrotation.Whenthiscentrifugalforceisbiggerthanpre-tighteningforceofcompressionspring,theeccentricringrushesouttostrikethehookofemergencygovernorpilottohaveitdropout,resultingoilabovediaphragmdumpingimmediately,closingHPandIPmainstopvalveandgoverningvalvequicklytoreachtheaimofemergencyshutdown.Assoonasmainstopvalveisshutdown,turbinespeeddropsrapidlysothattheemergencygovernoreccentricringwillbebacktonormalautomatically.Theresetspeedofeccentricringis3030±20r/min.危急遮断器籍偏心环的偏心，在高速旋转下产生离心力。当该离心力大于压弹簧的预紧力时，偏心环出击，撞击危急遮断油门的拉钩，使之脱扣，迅速泄去隔膜阀上部油压，快速关闭高、中压主汽门及调节汽阀，达到紧急停机的目的。汽门关闭以后，汽机转速迅速降低，危急遮断器的飞环便自动复位，飞环的复位转速约为3030±20r/min。Therearetwodiagonalmoonshapeoilcavities,whosefunctionistostoreoilinoilsprayingtestforincreasingweightand61 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02eccentricdistanceofeccentricringsothateccentricringcanrushoutinlowrotatingspeed.Afteroilsprayingstops,theoilincavitieswillrunofffromtopholeofcavitiesbycentrifugalforce,resultingeccentricringreset.在偏心环上有二个对称的月牙形油槽，在作注油试验时用以存油，以增加偏心环的重量和偏心距，使之在较低转速下出击。当停止喷油后，油槽中的油就籍离心力从油槽顶部的小孔泄去，偏心环亦就随之复位。Iftherush-outspeedofemergencygovernordoesn’tmeetrequirement,adjusteccentricspeedofeccentricringtoalterpre-tightnessofspringbynut.Accordingtocalculation,adjustingnutspeedswillbechangedabout300rpmbyrotatingeachturn.如果出击转速不符合要求时，可调整螺母，改变弹簧的预紧力来调整飞环出击转速，使其符合规定的要求。按照计算，调整螺母每转一圈出击转速约改变300r/min。62 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02AAASPRAYOIL喷油A-AAFig.6-6OVERSPEEDWEIGHT图6-6危急遮断器A-A6.7Emergencygovernorpilotvalve危急遮断油门Theemergencygovernorpilotvalveisactuatingmechanismofemergencygovernor,bywhichsafetyoilpressureiscontrolled.Itconsistsofhook,pin,piston,springandbodyetc.Onceemergencygovernoractuates,eccentricringstrikeshooktohaveitcut-out,whilepistonmovesupwardactedbyspring,causingsafetyoilchamberconnectingwithreturningoil,andsafetyoilpressuredumping.Whilepistonmovesupward,pressureoilflowsintooverspeedindicatorfromports,showingemergencygovernortripstatus.Forresetemergencygovernorpilotvalve,directlyresetoilintoupper63 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02ofpistontopresspistondownandhookactedbytwistspringofpinshaftre-latcheswithpistontoreturntooriginaloperationposition.SeeFig.6-7.危急遮断油门为危急遮断器的执行机构，控制着安全油压。它由拉钩，销轴，活塞，弹簧和壳体等组成。危急遮断器动作时，飞环将拉钩撞击脱扣，活塞在弹簧作用下上移，使安全油腔室与回油接通，安全油卸压。活塞上移的同时油口将压力油通往超速指示器，以指示危急遮断油门脱扣状态。要使危急遮断油门复位挂钩，只需将复位油通入活塞上部，把活塞压下，拉钩在销轴的扭弹簧作用下与活塞重新搭扣，回复至正常位置。见图6-7。64 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02ROTORCIRCUMVOLVEDIRECTION转子旋转方向RESETOILINDICATOROIL复位油指示油HPOIL压力油SAFETYOIL安全油DRAINOIL回油Fig.6-7OVERSPEEDTRIPMECHANISM图6-7危急遮断油门6.8Emergencygovernortestpilotvalve危急遮断试验油门65 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Emergencygovernortestpilotvalveconsistsofhandwheel,indicatingnameplate,pin,pistonandbodyetc.Innormaloperation,handwheelisinmiddlepositionandindicatingnameplateindicatesproperly.Whenemergencygovernoristested,pressdownindicatorneedleofindicatingnameplateandrotatehandwheeltohaveindicatingnameplateshowthepositionofemergencygovernor.Withhandwheelrotation,pistonisforcedtomoverighttoconductoilpassageswitchover.Forexample,leadpressureoiltooilsprayingdeviceofbeingtestedemergencygovernor,andcutoffsafetyoilpassagetoemergencygovernorpilotvalve,preventingunitfromabnormaloperationafteremergencygovernoractive.SeeFig6-8.危急遮断器试验油门，由手轮，指示铭牌，小轴，活塞和壳体等组成。正常情况下手轮处于中间位置，指示铭牌指示正常，当进行危急遮断器试验时，只须将指示铭牌上部的指针小钉按下，转动手轮使指示铭牌指示于被试危急遮断器位置。由于手轮的转动，导致活塞向右移动，进行油路转换：使压力油通入被试危急遮断器的喷油试验装置，同时切断安全油通往被试验的危急遮断油门的去路，使危急遮断器动作后不影响机组的正常工作。见图6-8。66 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02TONO1OILSPRAYTESTINGDEVICETONO1OVERSPEEDTRIPMECHANISMSAFETYOIL至试HPOIL压至遮安N01验力N01断全HANDWHEEL喷装油危油油油置急门ANTICLOCKWISECIRCUMVOLVETOTESTNO1手轮逆时针转活塞右移试N01Fig.6-8OVERSPEEDTRIPMECHANICALTEST图6-8危急遮断试验油门6.9Oilsprayingtestdevice喷油试验装置Oilsprayingtestdeviceisusedforoilsprayingtestofemergencygovernor.Itconsistsofpiston,body,handwheelandbuttonetc.Duringemergencygovernortest,firstpullhandwheel67 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02outward,connectingpressureoilwithoilsprayingtestdevicethroughthisdevice.Then,pressureoilisdirectedintomoonshapeoilcavities,causingemergencygovernoroilsprayingwithoutoverspeedsituation.Afterthat,pressbuttontohavepressureoilandresetoilconnected,havingemergencygovernorpilotvalveresetafteractionaccordingly.SeeFig.6-9.喷油试验装置在危急遮断器作注油试验时使用，由活塞、壳体、手轮、按钮等组成。做危急遮断器试验时，首先把手轮向外拉，此时压力油通过该装置和喷油管路接通，压力油注入危急遮断器的月牙形油囊中，使危急遮断油在不超速的情况下出击，然后再按动按钮，此时压力油和复位油路相通，使相应动作后的危急遮断油门复位。见图6-9。68 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02RESETOILSPRAYOIL复喷位油油HPOIL高压油Fig.6-9OILSPRAYTESTINGDEVICE图6-9喷油试验装置6.10Overspeedindicator超速指示器Overspeedindicatorcanshowthepositionofemergencygovernorpilotvalve.Itconsistsofhood,indicationblock,spring,casingandpistonetc.Whenemergencygovernorpilotvalveacts,indicationoilflowsintooverspeedindicatortopushpistontoleftside,andthewindowofhoodindicatesredindicationblockmark,showing69 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02relevantemergencygovernorintripstatus.SeeFig.6-10.超速指示器可指示相应危急遮断油门所处的位置，它由前罩，指示板，弹簧，壳体和活塞等组成。危急遮断油门动作时，使指示油通入超速指示器，将活塞推向左端，前罩窗口内即显示出红色的指示板标记，表示相应的危急遮断油门处于“遮断”位置。见图6-10。Afteremergencygovernorpilotvalveisbacktonormal,indicationoilpressuredisappearsandpistonispressedtorightbyspring,thus,indicationblockisofffromhoodwindow,indicatingthatemergencygovernorpilotvalveisinnormalposition.危急遮断油门复位后，指示油压消失，活塞被弹簧压往右端，指示板退出前罩的窗口，表示相应的危急遮断油门处于“正常”位置。INDICATOROILFROMOVERSPEEDTRIPMECHANISM危急遮断油门来指示油DRAINOIL回油Fig.6-10OVERSPEEDINDICATOR图6-10超速指示器70 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E026.11Emergencygovernordevice危急遮断装置Emergencygovernordeviceisamanual-operateddeviceforturbineemergencyshutdown.Itconsistsofhandle,protectionhood,andpistonetc.Onceturbineisrequiredtoshutdownurgently,firstremoveprotectionhoodfromhandle,thenpushhandletomovepistoninside,thusdischargingsafetyoilpressurefromthisdevice,resultinginclosureofmainstopvalveandcombinedreheatvalve.SeeFig.6-11.危急遮断装置为汽机紧急停机的手动操作装置，它安装在前轴承座端面上，由手柄、防护罩和活塞等组成。在机组需要紧急停机时，首先将手柄外的防护罩拿掉，然后推动手柄，使活塞向里移，此时安全油压经该装置卸压，从而使主汽门、中压联合汽门关闭。见图6-11。SAFETYOIL安全油DRAINOILDRAINOIL回回油油Fig.6-11EMERGENCYTRIPDEVICE图6-11危急遮断装置71 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E027.Maintenanceguidanceofcontrolsystem控制系统维护导则7.1Generalprinciple一般导则AssemblyMaintenancetimeRemarks部件interval备注维护时间间隔Fire-resistantReferto“usage,Thediatomiteandpolishingfiltersshouldbefluidtreatmentandattentionsputinrunforfourhoursatthefirstfour抗燃油offluidofcontrolweeks,afterwards,dealitifneutralityindexsystem”higherthan0.25orthefluidhasdiscolored.参阅“控制系统抗燃运行头4周内，投运硅藻土及精密过油的使用、处理及注滤器4小时，以后假如中和性指数大意事项”于0.25，或者油已变色时再作处理。——Twofiltersarereplacedafterusedinitiallyabout20hoursandreplacethemagainifthemloseefficacy.Diatomiteandpolishingfilters两种过滤器在最初使用约20小时后硅藻土及精都更换之，以后当它们失效后更换之。密过滤器HighpressureYearlyReplaceorpolishwithverifiedmethodiftheoutletfilter每年1次pressuredifferenceexceeds0.69MPa.Seecartridgeannotation172 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02高压出口过假如压差超过0.69MPa，则按经过批滤器准的方法更换或清洗。见注1。HighpressureWeeklyinfirstmonthCheckairpressureandrechargeifnecessaryaccumulatorandmonthlylateron检查气压，必要时充气。高压蓄压器头1个月每周1次，以后每月1次。LowpressureMonthlyinfirstthreeCheckpressurethroughpre-chargevalvewithaccumulatormonthsandquarterlypressuregaugeandrechargeifnecessary低压蓄压器lateron用压力表通过预充气阀检查气压，必头3月每月1次，以要时充气。后每隔3个月1次。Highpressure——Seeannotation2fluidpump见注2。高压油泵Reliefvalve,EveryfouryearsReplaceordisintegrateandrenewallthe“O”checkvalve4年sealrings.Seeannotation1溢流阀、止更换或解体并更新所有O型密封环和回阀轴封。见注1。FilterYearlyIdenticalwithhighpressureoutletfilter过滤器1年与高压出口过滤器相同。Servovalve——Seeannotation2伺服阀见注2。Shutoff,checkEveryfouryearsReplace“O”ringsanddump4年更换O形圈。valves截止、止回73 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02和卸荷阀ActuatorsandEverytwoyearsCheckoneeachactuatorandcheckothersifpneumatic2年necessaryactuating每种油动机检查一个，必要时增加。mechanismEveryfouryearsCheckallandreplaceall“O”rings油动机与气4年全部检查并更换所有O形圈。动执行机构LVDT——Needn’ttomaintenanceLVDT不需维修。EmergencyEveryfouryearsReplace“O”ringstripcontrol4年更换O形圈。blockandsolenoids危急遮断控制块DiaphragmEveryfouryearsReplaceDiaphragmvalve4年更换薄膜。隔膜阀oilsprayingtestEverythreemonthsdevice3个月喷油试验装置DEHPowerYearlyCheck15V,24Vpowersuppliessupply每年1次检查15V，24V电源DEH柜电源I/OpointYearlyCheckeachI/OpointsignalI/O点每年1次检查各I/O点信号DEHcabinetMonthlyCheckthefanoperationconditionandpolishCoolingfan每月1次airfilter74 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02andairfilter检查风扇运行情况及清洗空气过滤器DEH柜冷却风扇和空气过滤器ServodrivingEvery4~5yearsCalibrationcard4～5年（一个大修重新校验伺服驱动卡期）Note1:注1：Thetableliststhemaintenanceintervalofsystemandassembliesinnormaloperation.Ifabnormaloperationconditionsoccurornon-normalconditionsappearthemaintenanceintervalshouldbechangedinordertoadapttotheseconditions,theaffectedassembliesshouldbecheckedandreplacedifnecessary.STP(ShanghaiTurbineCO.LTD.)suggestsclientsreservethewholereplacedsealassemblyforneedofnostopmaintenance.表列的是系统和部件正常运行的维护时间间隔。假如发生非正常运行工况或出现异常工况时，维修间隔应作必要的改动，以适应这类工况，并且在需要时应检修或更换受影响的部件。上汽公司建议客户储备整套更换密封件等部件，以应不停机检修之需。Note2:注2：75 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Thebestcriteriontojudgetheperformanceofhighpressurefluidpumpisitspressureandflow,itismeantthatcomparethepressureandflowwithagorecordingpressureandflow.Whentheequipmentisnewandoperatedwithnozzleregulatingmodelthevaluesofpressureandflowshouldberecorded.Whenthevaluesworseningshouldfindoutthecauses.Experienceindicatethatoneofthemainworsencausesistheinnerleakageoftheservovalve.判断高压油泵性能的最佳准则是泵的压力和流量，即将泵的压力和流量与以前记录的压力和流量相比。当设备较新并以喷嘴调节模式运行时，应记下数值。当该数值恶化时，应查明原因。经验表明：恶化的主要原因之一是伺服阀的泄漏。clientscanpurchasedirectlyfromthesuppliers,butcanalsocommissionSTPtodoit.一般情况下，用户可直接向供货商购买，但也可作为选购项目请上汽公司代办。IfSTPsuppliesthefluid,thedescriptionandrelativesuggestionsfrommanufacturerwillbesuppliedfollowtheelectrohydraulicassembly.Ifclientspurchasethefluidfromothercompanies(exceptSTP)shouldaskmanufacturersforrelativeinstructionsandsuggestionsaboutliquidcharacterandphysicalproperty,fire-resistant,safeusage,compatibilitymaterial,andtest.ThesuggestionsofmanufacturershouldbefollowedunlessSTPhasothersubstitution.当上汽公司提供抗燃油时，则制造厂商的说明书与有关建议将附于电76 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02液部件说明书内。当用户从其它方面（上汽公司以外）购买这种抗燃油时，则应向制造厂商索取有关液体性质以及其物理特性、抗燃特性、安全使用、相容性材料、试验等的说明及建议。除非上汽公司另有替代、抗燃油制造厂商的建议应予遵守执行。Perfectindustrialphysicalprotectionpreventivemeasuresshouldbefollowednomatterwhosuppliesthefluid.无论由谁提供抗燃油，完善的工业上人身保健预防措施均应予遵守。WARNINGThefluidshouldavoidbeinbreathedandswallowedbyaccident.Smokingandtakingfoodareallprohibitedintheoperationfield.Itshouldavoidthatskintouchthefluid.警告避免吸入或在意外情况下吞入抗燃油，应禁止在工作场地进食与吸烟，并避免接触皮肤。ATTENTIONThefluidshouldbeerasedatoncewhenitdropsontheheatinsulatinglayer.Heatmetalsurfacelayingisolatinglayershouldberemovedandreplaceditintimetopreventfirehazardifthefluidhaspermeatedthroughit.Thefluidcanerodesamecablewrappers.forexample,polyvinyl-chloridematerialandcoatingssowhenthemcontactwithliquid(nomatterthetimelongorshort)itwillmacerateand77 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02bubbling,andthanthezoneoferosionshouldbepolishedandcheckbreaklevel.注意抗燃油溅落在保温层后应立即擦去。假如油已渗入热金属表面敷设的保温层内，则应拆掉并及时更换该保温层以防止火灾。抗燃油可能对某些电缆包皮（如聚氯乙烯材料）和油漆有破坏作用，只要当上述材料接触抗燃油时（不管时间长短）都会软化和起泡。应立即清洗被侵蚀处并查明损坏程度。7.2FireresistantfluidThephysicalandchemicalpropertiesoffireresistantfluidasfollowing:该抗燃油具有以下的物理和化学特性：Viscosity(ASTMD445-72)粘度（ASTMD445-72）oSayboltUniversalSecondsat100F220so100F下赛波特粘度（Saybolt）oSayboltUniversalSecondsat210F42.8so210F下赛波特粘度（Saybolt）ViscosityIndex0粘度指数oSpecificGravity,60F1.142o60F下比重Max.WaterContent,Wt.%0.1最大含水量Wt%78 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02Max.ChlorineContent(X-rayFluorescence),PPm50最大含氯量PPm（X射线荧光分析）9Min.Resistivity,OHM/cm10.0×10最小电阻值OHM/cmoMin.FlashPoint,F455最低闪点oFirePoint,F645着火点oAuto-IgnitionTemperature,F1100自燃温度AcidNumber,mgKOH/g0.1酸指数mgKOH/gMax.Foaming,ml.(ASTMD892-72)25最大发泡（起泡沫）(ASTMD892-72)Max.Color,ASTM1.5最大色度（ASTM）ParticleDistribution(SAEA-6D,Tentative)Class2颗粒分度（SAEA-6D）试行2级HydrolyticStability(48hrs.)pass水解稳定性（48小时）合格CoefficientofThermalExpansion热膨胀系数o60F0.00038o100F0.00038AirEntrainment,min.(ASTMD3427)1.0空气夹带量（ASTMD3427）,分钟79 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.HighpressureEHfluidsystempolishingdirections高压EH油系统冲洗说明TheEHsystemshouldbepolishedaslongastheEHfluidsystemfirstcharge,afterpipelinesystemoverhaulorrebuilding,sameassembliesareremovedandmendedorreplaced.ThepolishingstepsconsistsofmakethewholeEHsystementerlargeflowcirculation,andthroughthissystemandfilteroffimpurityintheEHfluidwithtemporaryfilter.Duringpolishthesystemshouldbemonitoreditstemperatureclosely,sampleterminallyandanalysisimpuritycontentandcleanlinessoftheEHfluid.凡是EH油系统第一次充油，管路系统经过改造或是大修（检查），有几个部件被拆开、修理或调换过，均须对EH系统进行冲洗。冲洗的步骤包括使EH油循环通过此系统及用临时滤器来滤去EH油中的杂质。冲洗时须密切地监视系统中油的温度，定期取样，分析EH油中的杂质含量及清洁度。Thetreatment,usageandintentionsofcontrolsystemshouldrefertomoredetailedinstruction.TherelativeinstructionsofEHsystemassembliesandvariousactuatorswillcontributetooperatorstoprepareforpolishingtheEHsystem.控制系统EH油的处理、使用和注意事项应参考较详细的说明书。有关EH系统部件及各种油动机的说明书，将有助于运行人员进行EH系统冲洗的准备工作。Whenpolishing,thesefivestepsshouldbefollowed:冲洗工作可分以下5步进行：80 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.1Preparationforsystempolishing系统冲洗的准备TheEHsystemmustbepolishedaftertheturbine-generatorunithavebeenstopped.Thestepsofsystempolishingpreparationare:EH供油系统的冲洗须在汽轮—发电机组停止运行以后方能进行。系统冲洗准备工作的步骤如下：8.1.1First,twomainfluidpumpsmusthavebeenstoppedandlocked.Themotorpowermustbecutoff.FollowingstepsshouldbedoneafterquitealongtimeandtheEHfluidhasdrainintoreservoirwholly.首先，必须确证两个油泵都已关掉，并已锁住。马达的电源必须断开。在过了相当一段时间使EH油全部流回油箱以后，做以下几步工作。8.1.2ChangetwofiltercartridgeontheEHreservoircontrolblockwithrecommended3-microntemporaryfiltercartridge.Putthereplacedfiltercartridgeintoacleanplasticbagandremarkedtoidentify.换去EH油箱控制块上的两只滤油器，换上所推荐的3微米精度的临时冲洗滤油器。将换下的滤油器放入干净的塑料袋中，分别做好标记，以便识别。8.1.3ThetwoisolationvalvesthatconnectEHsystemtopolishingfilterassembliesareclosedcompletely.完全关闭EH系统去精密滤器组件管路上的2个隔离阀。8.1.4Removethesixsolenoidscircuitontheemergencytripcontrol81 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02blockandremovethesolenoidsfromtheblock.Putthesolenoidsintocleanplasticbagandremarkedeachtoidentify.Replacethesolenoidswithpolishingplatesandputthemintoplasticbagandremarkedtoidentify.Removetwoorificeplugsfromtheblock;removetwopipejointswithfluidinletorificeandinstallpolishingpipejoint.将危急遮断控制块上的6只电磁阀电路拆除，从块上拆去电磁阀。将这些电磁阀放入干净的塑料袋中，分别做好标记，以便识别。用冲洗板代替电磁阀。从块上拆去两个节流孔塞，拆去两个带进油节流孔的管接，换上冲洗管接。8.1.5Thefiltercartridgesonthegovernorvalve(GV),throttlevalve(TV)andinterceptvalve(IV)actuatorsareremovedandchangedwithrecommended10-microntemporarypolishingfiltercartridges.Putthefiltercartridgesintoacleanplasticbagandremarkeachtoidentify.拆去主汽门油动机、调节汽阀油动机、再热调节汽阀油动机上的滤芯，用推荐的10微米临时冲洗滤芯代替，将油动机的滤芯放入干净的塑料袋中，分别做好标记，以便识别。8.1.6ThecircuitofelectrohydraulicservovalveonGV,TVandIVactuatorsshouldberemovedandchangedwithpolishingplates.Puttheremovedelectrohydraulicservovalvesintocleanplasticbagandremarkeachtoidentify.将主汽门油动机、调节汽阀油动机、再热调节汽阀油动机上的电液伺服阀电路拆去，并拆除电液伺服阀。将拆下的电液伺服阀放入干净的塑料82 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02袋中，分别做好标记，以便识别。用冲洗板来代替油动机块上的电液伺服阀。8.1.7ThedumpvalvesonGVandTVactuatorsshouldbeadjusted(turningthescrewout)inorderthatitcanbeoperatedunderlowestpressure.调整（旋出螺丝）调节汽阀油动机、再热主汽门油动机上的快速卸荷阀，以使其在最低的压力下动作。8.1.8OneorificeplugincontrolblockofeachReheatStopValve(RSV)actuatorshouldberemoved.拆去再热主汽门油动机控制块中各1只节流孔塞。8.1.9ReplacethesolenoidsandorificeplateonGV,TVandIVactuatorswithpolishingplates,andputthemintoplasticbagandremarktoidentify.拆去主汽门油动机、再热主汽门油动机及再热调节汽阀油动机上的电磁阀及节流孔板。将拆下零件放入干净塑料袋并做好标记，以便复装时识别。装上冲洗块。8.2ChargetheEHfluid将EH油加入系统Tri-arylphosphateestertypemustbeputinsystemandfollowsteps:只能加入纯净的三芳基磷酸脂油。加油步骤如下：8.2.1TheEHreservoirdrainvalveshouldbecheckedandmakesure83 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02thatitisclosedcompletely.Thereservoirventilatearrangementshouldbecheckedandmakesurethatiswhetherinstalledonthetopplateofreservoir.检查EH油箱泄油阀是否全关，应将其关闭。检查油箱透气装置及加油组件是否可靠地安装在油箱顶板上。检查油箱上的浸入式加热器盖板是否可靠地安装在顶板上。8.2.2TheEHfluidbarrelshouldbelaidnearthereservoir.Cleantheupsideofthefluidbarrelandremovethecover.Samplingfluidandanalysistomakesurethatitwhethersatisfytherequirelimit.将EH油桶尽量置于靠近油箱处。清洗油桶顶部，去掉孔盖。从油桶里取出油样进行分析，看EH油的特性是否满足要求的限制值。8.2.3MakeonebarreloffluidinputtospecialEHfluidtreatmentarrangementtomakecirculationtreatmentuntilthecleanlinessandwatercontentindexessatisfyrequirements.将油输送泵置于EH油桶旁边的干净水平位置上。将输送泵的电路接好。将输送泵进出口软管及泵出口的10微米滤油器接好。如果借用循环泵加油，仅需接好有关软管。将输送泵进口软管插入EH油桶顶部的大口中，将出口软管插入到EH油桶的小开口中。开动输送泵，专门清洗泵和软管，清洗时间至少为15min。8.2.4TheoutputhoseoftheEHfluidtreatmentarrangementwillbeconnectedwiththeoutsideinterfaceandfluidoftheEHfluidreservoirfiltercirculationpump.关闭输送泵，把EH油桶顶上小开口中的出口软管拆出，把输送泵的出84 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02口软管接到加油，接口上（注意拆去接头中防尘青壳纸）。8.2.5Turnontransferpump,chargetheEHfluidintoreservoir.Sameasanotherbarreluntilthereservoirisfull.Thetransferpumpshouldbeclosedandthehoseshouldberemovedfromthesuctionofthefiltercirculationpumpandsealinginstalled,whentheliquidlevelindicatorindicatethatreservoirhasfull.Payattentiontothelevelswitchwhenpumping.开动输送泵，把EH油加入到油箱中，当液位指示器指示出油已充满时，将输送泵关掉，把输送泵出口软管从油箱加油口拆出，装上加油帽。在加油过程中可注意液位开关动作点是否正确。8.2.6Thehollowbarrel,fluidtreatmentarrangementandrelativeequipmentsaresetatdryposition.ThebarreliscoveredifthereisremainderEHfluid.Thebarrelshouldbeputoutofreservoirfieldtoconvenientfortreatmentorstorage.TheEHfluidcan’tbedrainintoblow-offpipebecauseofecologicalenvironment.从EH油桶中拆出输送泵吸入软管，泵的电路也拆去。将输送泵软管及滤器拆出进行彻底清洗。将输送泵及有关的设备放到清洁、干燥的地方。如果油桶中剩有EH油，将桶口盖紧。将油桶搬离油箱区，以便处理或存放。由于生态的关系，不得将EH油排入排污沟。8.3Polishing冲洗ThestepsofpolishingoftheEHfluidsystemarefollowed:85 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02EH油系统的冲洗按照下列步骤进行：8.3.1Fluidtemperatureshouldbechecked,seesection2.3,theEHfluidreservoirmainelectricpumpshouldbestartedintermittentlyandthepipesandassembliesconnectwiththepumparefulloffluid.Thereservoirmainelectricpumpisstartedup(operatedbyoperator).检查油温，详见2.3，断续地开动EH油箱主电动泵，使油充满相连的管子和部套组件。开动EH油箱主电动泵（运行人员操纵）。8.3.2ThereliefvalveontheEHfluidreservoircontrolblockshouldbeadjusted(byturningoutofthescrew),anditsoutletpressureis3.5MPa.Thepressuregaugeshouldbemonitoredduringadjustment.调整（旋出螺钉）EH油箱控制块上的溢流阀，使出口压力为3.5MPa。在调整时，应监视EH油箱上的压力表。8.3.3Allthevalves,whichconnectthecontrolcirculationwatertotheEHfluidreservoircooler,areclosed.把控制循环水到EH油箱冷油器去的阀门全部关闭。8.3.4Duringpolishing,thesystemdiaphragmvalveshouldbecheckedtomakesurewhetherithasbeenclosedornot.Thediaphragmvalveshouldbeclosedafterpolished8～12hours,itwillacceleratetheEHfluidpassedbytheactuatorassemblies.Duringpolishing,theclosureoftheisolationvalvesofeachactuatorinturnwillalsoacceleratethefluidflowedtootheractuators.在冲洗时，应检查系统隔膜阀是否关闭，这会使EH油流过油动机组件86 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02的速度增加，可以在冲洗一段时间后将隔膜阀关闭。在冲洗时，短时关闭各个油动机的截止阀同样也会增加去其余油动机的流速。8.3.5TheEHfluidreservoirstand-bypumpshouldbestarted(operatedbyoperator).ThetemperatureoftheEHfluidcouldnotbehigherthan57℃(55~60℃).Makecirculationwaterpumpflowfluidcoolerinordertokeepthetemperatureduringotherpolishing.开动EH油箱备用电动泵（运行人员操纵）。EH油的温度最高允许为57℃（55～60℃）。为了在其余的冲洗过程中保持此温度，开循环水流过冷油器。8.3.6Highpressureshutoffvalvesofeachactuatorareclosed(systempressureshouldbe3.5MPaatthistime)atfirst,andpartofhighpressureshutoffvalveslocateattheunitsideareopenedtillthefluidsupplypressurelowerthan3.5MPa,polishingtheseactuatorswillcosttwohoursatleast,andthanthesehighpressureshutoffvalvesshouldbeclosed.Thehigh-pressureshutoffvalvesofthosenopolishingactuatorsareopenedtillitspressurelowerthan3.5MPa,thepolishingwillcosttwohoursatleast.Repeatabove-describedprocesstillalltheactuatorshavebeenpolishedatleasttwohoursandtaketurnsevery4~8hoursatlater.先关闭每一个油动机上的高压截止阀（系统压力这时应为3.5MPa），然后打开机组一边的部分油动机高压截止阀，直到供油压力降到3.5MPa以下，冲洗这些油动机，时间至少为2小时，然后关闭到这些油动机去的高压截止阀。打开未冲洗的油动机上的高压截止阀，直到压力降到3.5MPa87 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02以下，进行冲洗，时间至少为2小时。重复上述过程，直到所有油动机均已至少冲洗了2小时。以后可以隔4-8小时轮换一次。8.3.7ThefourmagneticrodsintheEHfluidreservoirshouldberemovedeverytwohoursandcleanedwithlint-freecloth,thaninstalledbackinto.每隔2小时拆出EH油箱中的四根磁棒，用不起毛的布擦清它们，然后再装进去。8.3.8Thesettingofthepumpoutletfluidfilteris0.69MPa.Becausethattheflowwhenpolishingis4~5timesoftheactualflowthepressuredifferencebetweeninletandoutletofthepumpoutletfluidfilterexceed0.69MPaeasily,butitisnotmeanthatfiltercartridgehavetobereplaced.Forthisreason,itissuggestedthatthepressuredifferencecansetat1.0MPaandreplacefiltercartridgewhenpressuredifferenceoverthisvalue.泵的出口滤油器压差开关整定在0.69MPa，由于冲洗时流量达到实际运行时流量的4-5倍，故很容易造成泵出口滤油器两侧的压差超过0.69MPa，而实际滤油器并未达到非换不可的污染程度，为此建议可以将此时的压差放宽到1.0MPa以上再更换滤器。8.3.9Afterpolishingfor8hours,filtercirculationpumpshouldbestarted,by-passvalvethatconnecttopolishingfilterbeopenedandtheshutoffvalvebeforethediatomaceousfiltershouldbeclosed,polishingtheimpurityfilterfortwohours.Thanthediatomaceousfilterinletvalveinserieswithimpurityfiltershouldbeopenedandthebypassvalveofimpurityfiltershouldbeclosed.88 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E02冲洗8小时之后，打开去精密滤器的旁通阀，并且关闭硅藻土滤油器前的截止阀，进行杂质滤油器的冲洗，时间为2小时。然后打开与杂质滤油器串联的硅藻土滤油器进油阀，并且关闭杂质滤油器的旁通阀。8.3.10ThedirectioncontrolvalveofEHreservoirshouldbeplacedatmediumduringpolishing.Notrequiredifthereisnodirectioncontrolvalve.在冲洗过程中，将EH油箱方向控制阀置于中间位置（对没有EH油箱方向控制阀的系统无此要求）。8.3.11SamplingEHfluidbeforeandduringpolishing,theneutralizationindexoftheEHfluidmustbemaintainedintheintervalthatoverthreehoursandshouldnothigherthan0.25milligramKOH/g.冲洗之前，和冲洗停止以前，抽取EH油样，EH油的中和指数在大于3小时的间隙中必须保持不变，而且不得大于0.25毫克KOH/克。8.3.12Aftercompletepolishing,thetwoelectricpumpsonEHfluidreservoirareclosed(itonlycanbedonebyoperatingthepump’scontrolswitchinthecontrolroom).Lockthecontrolswitchofthepumpatthestopposition.冲洗完成时，关断2个EH油箱电动泵（只能在控制室中操作泵的控制开关来停泵）。将泵的控制开关锁住在停止的位置上。89 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.4Measurementofthesystemcleanliness系统清洁度的测定ThemeasureprocessofthesystemfluidcleanlinessshouldrefertothenewestparticlecountingmannerintheSAE-ARP598document.Itisthemostimportantthatthecontaineriscleanwhenanalysisthefluid.系统中的油的清洁度的测定过程应照SAE-ARP598的粒子计数方法。在做油液分析时，最重要的是所用的容器一定要清洁。8.4.1Samplingfluidforanalysisfrommaindrainfluidheader.从有压力回油总管所设的取样点中取出油样进行分析。8.4.2Beforethetemporaryfiltercartridgeisreplacedwithformalmetalfiltercartridgethefluid’spollutionlevelmustmaintainfollowinglevel.Countthefluidsamplingimpuritythatsamplefromdrainfluidheaderanditscontentshouldlimitinthestage:在临时滤芯用正式的金属滤芯替换之前，油的污染程度须保持下列的水平。对油样进行杂质计数，其含量性质在下列限制值以内：5~10microngrain/100milliliter970010~25microngrain/100milliliter268025~50microngrain/100milliliter38050~100microngrain/100milliliter56Largethan100microngrain/100milliliter590 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E025～10微米颗粒/100毫升——9700个10～25微米颗粒/100毫升——2680个25～50微米颗粒/100毫升——380个50～100微米颗粒/100毫升——56个大于100微米的颗粒/100毫升——5个8.4.3Duringpolishing,theneutralizationindexmayincreasebutitmuststabilizeinthethreehoursintervalafterpolishing,theneutralizationindexpergramcan’tlargerthan0.25milligramKOH.在冲洗过程中，油的中和指数可能会增加，但在冲洗结束以前，油的中和指数在3小时周期中应保持不变，每克的中和指数不得大于0.25毫克KOH。8.4.4Allthemagneticrodsshouldbecleanandnoimpurity.所有的磁棒均须清洁无杂质。8.4.5Thereshouldbefluidcleanlinesstestinstructionbeforetheunitstarted.Thefluidsamplingshouldbesenttocompetentcompanytoanalysisandmakecertification.机组启动前，要有油液清洁度的试验证明书。油样需送到有资格的试验室去进行化学分析，作出证明。8.5Systemsrecovery系统恢复91 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.5.1Allthetemporaryfiltercartridgesshouldbereplacedwithmetalmeshfiltercartridgesatfollowingposition:在下列位置用金属网滤芯换掉所有临时滤芯：(1)Theoutletofpumponthereservoircontrolblock(twofiltercartridges)(1)油箱控制块上的泵的出口（两只滤油器）(2)GV,TVandIVactuators(eachonefiltercartridges)(2)主汽门油动机、调节汽阀油动机、再热调节汽阀油动机（每个油动机一只滤油器）。8.5.2TheelectrohydraulicservovalvethatremovedformerlyshouldbeinstalledinsteadofpolishingplateofGV,TVandIVactuators.Putthepolishingplateintocleanplasticbagandreadyforreservation.将以前拆下的电液伺服阀调换主汽门油动机、调节汽阀、再热调节汽阀油动机上的冲洗板。将冲洗板放入干净的塑料袋中，以备今后使用。8.5.3SolenoidandorificeboardremovedformerlyshouldbereinstalledinsteadofpolishingplateonactuatorofTVandIV.Putthepolishingplatesintocleanplasticbagandreadyforreservation.InstalltheorificeplugsintocontrolblockofbothRSVactuators.将以前拆下的电磁阀及节流孔板调换主汽门油动机、再热调节汽阀油动机上的冲洗板。用电磁阀调换再热主汽门油动机上的冲洗块。将冲洗块放入塑料袋中备用。将再热主汽门油动机控制块中的各1个节流孔塞装回。92 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.5.4Solenoidremovedformerlyshouldbereinstalledinsteadofpolishingplateofemergencytripcontrolblock,andinletpolishingpipejointshouldbechangedwithtwoorificepipejoint,andthetwoorificeplugsremovedformerlyshouldbeinstalledontheoriginalpositionofthecontrolblock.Putthepolishingpipejointandpolishingplateintocleanplasticbagandreadyforreservation.将以前拆下的电磁阀调换危急遮断控制块上的冲洗板，用两个节流管接头换下进油冲洗管接头，将以前拆下的两个节流孔塞装入控制块上的原位置。将冲洗管接头、冲洗块放入干净的塑料袋中，以备今后使用。8.5.5Thefiltercartridgeoftheinletfilterofthefluidpumpshouldberemovedandcleanedcompletely.Thefiltercartridgeofdrainfiltershouldberemovedandpolishedorreplacedifnecessary.拆出油泵进口滤芯进行彻底清洗。8.5.6Thepolishedfluidshouldn’tbetakenawayfromreservoirbecausethisfluidiscleanerthanthefluidinthebarrel.Thefilteredfluidisusedforsupplementingthefluidwastageduringpolishing.不要从油箱中取走冲洗后的油，这些油要比油桶中的油干净。补充冲洗时损耗的油须用经滤清的油。8.5.7Drainthefluidinsoftpipe,cleanthepipeandputtheplugon.Putthepump,whosecontaminativefiltershouldberemoved,inacleancasewithsoftpipe.放回输送软管中的油，装上油桶上的管塞，擦干软管，从输送泵上拆出脏的滤芯，将泵及软管放入干净的保护箱中。93 DocumentNo.:71.N151-03E028.5.8Thenitrogenchargepressureofgas-liquidaccumulatorshouldbechecked.Theprescriptofthe“turbinecontrolsetting”inthetransitivediagrammustbefollowed.检查气—液蓄能器的充氮压力。遵照传递图中“汽轮机控制整定值”的规定。8.5.9ThedumpvalvemountedontheEHreliefvalveandactuatorshouldbereadjusted.EH溢流阀及油动机上的快速卸荷阀须重新调整。94
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