天津市耀华中学2022-2023学年高三上学期统练一英语试题（解析版）

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2023届高三英语统练I.听力部分(共两节，满分10分)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthewomanaskthemantocome?A.Shefeelscold.B.Shewantstoordersomefood.C.Somethingiswrongwiththesoup.2.Whowillprobablyholdaparty?A.Thewoman’sfriend.B.Theman.C.Theman’sfriend.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Themanshouldbuythesuit.B.Themanshouldchangehisjob.C.Thecolorofthesuitisnotsuitable.4.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Enjoyingtheirhoneymoon.B.Attendingawedding.C.Seeingamovie.5.WhatdoesMariathinkofstudyingEnglishabroad?A.Usefulandnecessary.B.Usefulbutexpensive.C.Uselessandexpensive.第二节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whatwastherobberlike?A.Darkskinandlongblackhair.B.Darkskinandshortbrownhair.C.Brownskinandshortblackhair.7.Whatdoesthewomanrememberabouttherobber’sclothing?A.HisT-shirt’scolor.B.Histrousers’style.C.Hisjeans’color.听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9两个小题。8.WhereisJuliaSwan?A.InShanghai.B.InNewYork.C.InCalifornia.9.WhatdidJuliaaskthespeakerstodo?A.Attendherartlesson.B.WorkatFudanUniversity.C.Visitherwhenthey’refree.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.What’swrongwiththeman’scamera?A.Itsbatteryrunsoutveryquickly.B.Itsbuttondoesn’tworkproperly.C.Itsscreenalwaysgoesblack.第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

111.Howlonghasthemanhadthecamera?A.Aweek.B.Halfamonth.C.Amonth.12.Whatisthewoman’sattitude?A.Impatient.B.Sincere.C.Rude.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatkindofflowersdoesthemanorder?A.Adozenredcarnations.B.Adozenyellowcarnations.C.Adozenpinkroses.14.Whereshouldtheflowersbesent?A.No.84,WMStreet.B.No.48,MWRoad.C.No.84,MWStreet.15.Whatdoesthemanrequirethewomantodoatlast?A.Callhimtoconfirmtheinformation.B.Callbeforedeliveringtheflowers.C.Helphimwritealetter.16.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Theflowersarefortheman’smom.B.Themanwillpayfortheflowersincash.C.Theflowerswillbedeliveredtotheman’shome.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.Wherewilltherecyclingcampaignbeheld?A.Inaschool.B.Inaradiostation.C.Inarecyclingcenter.18.Whenwilltherecyclingcampaignbegin?A.At8:00amonJuly8th.B.At10:00amonJuly10th.C.At10:00amonJuly18th.19.Whydoesthespeakeraskthelistenerstobringcans?A.Tousethemtoplaygames.B.Toputtheminthespecialrecyclingbins.C.Tolearnhowtosorthouseholdrubbish.20.Howcanthelistenersknowmoreabouttherecyclingcampaign?A.Bymakingacall.B.Bylisteningtotheradio.C.Byreadingthenewspapers.II.单选(满分20分)1.—I’dratherhavesomewine,ifyoudon’tmind.—______.Don’tforgetthatyou’lldrive.A.ByallmeansB.TakeiteasyC.AnythingbutthatD.Iwouldn’tsaynotothis【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际。句意：—如果你不介意的话，我想喝点酒。—除了那件事之外任何事都可以。别忘了你要开车。A.Byallmeans当然可以；B.Takeiteasy不紧张；C.Anythingbutthat除了那件事之外任何事都可以；D.Iwouldn’tsaynotothis我不会拒绝的。根据后文“Don’tforgetthatyou’lldrive.”第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2可知，还要开车不能喝酒，C项符合。故选C项。2.Indealingwithpublicrelations,weshouldmakeeffortstopreventthe______inpersonality.A.expansionB.strengthC.relationD.conflict【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在处理公共关系时，我们应该努力防止个性上的冲突。A.expansion扩展；B.strength力量；C.relation关系；D.conflict冲突。根据句意可知，空处指的是，在处理关系时，要防止冲突，所以conflict符合语境。故选D项。3.---Haveyouseenaredbackpackonthisseat?---Isawamanwalkingawaywith,butIamnotsurewhetheritisyours.A.oneB.itC.thatD.theone【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查代词。句意：--你看这个位置上的一个红色背包了吗？--我看见一个人拿着一个背包离开了，但不确定是不是你的包。one泛指前文提到的可数名词单数，it指代前文提及的事物，同一个事物，that特指前文提及的同一类事物，既可指不可数名词，也可指可数名词单数，theone特指前文提及的同一类事物，指代可数名词单数，根据句意可指，本空泛指背包，单数，故用one，选A。【点睛】one，theone，ones，theones用法区别。one1）代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词,表泛指（同类但不是同一）前面可以有冠词或形容词,也可以有this或that或another,但前不能有物主代词：e.g.:Ihavelostmypen．I'mgoingtobuyone.Thispendoesn'twork.Imustbuyanotherone.Ipreferthisonetothatone.比较：　　I'mlookingforaflat.I'dlikeasmallonewithagarden.　　I'mlookingforaflat.I'dlikeonewithagarden.2）作为不定人称代词,可泛指“任何一个人”,有one's和oneself形式.多用于正式文体,口语中也可用he/his代替第二个one/one's。e.g.:Onehastotakecareofoneselfandone'sfamilyifhecan.Oneshouldn'thesitatetocorrecthis/one'smistakes.Ifonewantstoseetheruins,hemustfindhisownguide.(如果一个人想看那废墟,他必须找自己的向导。)onesones是one的复数形式,常用来代替复数可数名词,表泛指,前面不用物主代词修饰,也不用these或those来直接修饰,除非ones前面有形容词：e.g.:Ihaveanewcoatandseveraloldones.第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3TheseyellowwaistcoatsaresosmallIwantthosegreenones.theone替代表特指的单数名词：Herearesixrings.Pickouttheoneyoulikebest.Handmemycoat.It'stheonehangingonthewall.Yourdictionaryismoreusefulthantheonemyunclegaveme.theones替代表特指的复数名词：Don'tbuytheexpensiveapples;getthecheaperones.I'dliketotryonthoseshoes,theonesatthefrontofthewindow.Aretheytheoneswhomovedhererecently?总之：one/ones用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指代单数，ones指代复数，所代替的是同名异物，表示泛指，可有前置定语或后置定语，也可单独使用，特指时必须加the,用theone/ones。比如本题，one泛指前文提到的可数名词单数，it指代前文提及的事物，同一个事物，that特指前文提及的同一类事物，既可指不可数名词，也可指可数名词单数，theone特指前文提及的同一类事物，指代可数名词单数，根据句意可知，本空泛指背包，单数，故用one，选A4.Thereason________heexplainedwas________hewasillandunabletogotoschool.A.why;thatB.why;becauseC.which;becauseD.which;that【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意：他解释的原因是他生病了不能去上学。本句中先行词thereason是定语从句heexplained的宾语，指物，引导词用which或者that，系动词was后是表语从句，句子中不缺少句子成分，用that作引导词。故选D。5.Whateverbackgroundyoucomefrom,youcanbe_____successfulwithyourhardworklikeothers.A.merelyB.equallyC.mostlyD.hardly【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：不管你来自什么背景，你可以像他人一样，努力取得同等的成功。A.merely仅仅；只不过；B.equally平等的；C.mostly主要地；通常；D.hardly几乎不。根据句意故选B。6.Wesentheracopyofthisbook__________herpartinthecreation.A.insearchofB.inacknowledgementofC.infavorofD.inhonorof【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查介词词组辨析。句意：我们寄给她这本书的副本，以感谢她在创作中所起的作用。A.insearchof寻找；B.inacknowledgementof以......感谢,感谢......;C.infavorof赞成；D.inhonorof第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4纪念。结合句意可知，寄书给他是为了感谢他。故选B项。7.Icanthinkofmanycases______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我能够想起很多例子，在这些例子里，学生明显知道很多的英语词汇，但是就是不能写出很好的文章。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是manycases，在后面的定语从句中作抽象地点状语，句子结构很完整，要使用关系副词，why的先行词只能是reason,BC是关系代词。故D正确。【点睛】8.Hewantedtobookaticketforthefootballmatch__________,butmissedthechance.A.inadvanceB.inorderC.inneedD.introuble【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查短语辨析。句意：他想提前订一张足球赛的票，但错过了机会。A.inadvance提前；B.inorder整齐，井然有序；C.inneed需要；D.introuble处于麻烦中的。分析句子的语境可知，本句是指“提前”，故选A。9.—Lucydoesn’tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She________I’vealreadyborrowedone.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：——露西不介意把字典借给你。——她不必把她的字典借给我了，我已经借了一本。A.can't不会，不可能；B.mustn't不准，禁止；。C.needn’t不必，不需要；D.shouldn't不应该。根据“I’vealreadyborrowedone.”可知，露西没有必要借字典。故选C。10.Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn’t______whatcoloritwas.A.makeoutB.lookintoC.bringaboutD.takeup【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只能看见远处有一辆车，但我看不清那是什么颜色。A.makeout看清；B.lookinto调查；C.bringabout导致；D.takeup占据。根据“Icouldjustseeacarinthedistance,butIcouldn’t”可知，但我看不清那是什么颜色。故选A项。第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

511.Thisisthesmallhouselessthan15squaremeters,under_______rooflivesalargefamilyofthreegenerations.A.whichB.whoseC.asD.that【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是个不到15平的小房子，在它的屋檐下生活着祖孙三代的大家庭。先行词是house，与roof构成所属关系，故应该使用whose表“所属”，故选B。12.He______quicklyoverhisshoulderstoseeifhewasbeingfollowed.A.protestedB.slidC.glancedD.arose【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迅速从肩膀往后瞥了一眼，看看他是否被人跟踪了。A.protested抗议；B.slid滑；C.glanced瞥见；D.arose出现。根据句意可知，他想确认是否被人跟踪，所以是向后看了一眼。故选C项。13.—WhywasProfessorJohnsonunhappythosedays?—Theonlyreasonwasthatthetheoryhestuckto______wrong.A.proveB.provedC.provingD.beingproved【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——为什么Johnson教授那些日子不高兴？——唯一理由是他坚持的理论证明是错的。hestuckto是定语从句，that表语从句中缺少谓语动词，排除C、D项，根据语境，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时态，排除A项，故选B项。14.Iwanttobuysomebooksto______forthecomingexamination.A.setoffB.refertoC.lookforD.tryon【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想买几本书以备考试参考。A.setoff出发；B.referto参考；C.lookfor寻找；D.tryon试穿。根据“forthecomingexamination”可知，我想买几本书以备考试参考。故选B项。15.‘‘________breakthelawshouldbepunished”heshouted.A.SomeoneB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Thosewho【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“那些犯法的人应该受到惩罚，”他喊道。根据语境判断，本题的主语部分需由从句充当，A、B均不符合要求，可排除。whoever引导名词性从句时，谓语动词必须是单数形式，与题干不符，故应排除C选项，所以答案为D。第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

616.Lindacouldn’thavebrokenintotheteacher’sofficeatmidnight,foritwasonlynineo'clock______shereturnedtothedormitoryandhadasoundsleep.A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：Linda不可能半夜闯进老师的办公室，因为她是在九点回到宿舍睡了个好觉。结合句意可知此处是when引导的时间状语从句，故选B。17.Itismodestyandhonestythatmakethefamousstar________totheaudiencebecausetheymakehimmorelikeordinarypeople.A.typicalB.adaptableC.reasonableD.accessible【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A.typical典型的；B.adaptable适应的；C.reasonable合理的；D.accessible可进入的。句意：正是谦虚和诚实使这位著名的明星更容易接近观众，因为它们使他更像普通人。accessibleto表示“易接近的”，故D项正确。18.(2013·高考陕西卷)Thewitnesses________bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.havingquestioned【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：刚才被警察询问的目击者对那次打斗的描述截然不同。Thewitnesses和question是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语。B项表示正在被询问；C项表示将被询问。故选A。19.—Haveyoufoundthenewflatadvertisedinthenewspaper?—Yes.Butthecommunity____verylargeandInearlygotlostjustnow.A.hadbeenB.wasC.willbeD.is【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：——你找到报纸上广告的新公寓了吗?——是的，但是这个社区无论是过去现在还是将来都是大的。结合句意可知此空用一般现在时态。故选D。20.-Well,youknow,itisabitchallengingtolearnanewlanguage.Then,doesthatworryyoumuch?-______.Ifeellikehavingthechancetolearnanewlanguage.A.Nodoubt.B.Nowonder.C.Noway.D.Nocomment.【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：——第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7嗯，你知道，学习一门新语言有挑战性。那么，那让你很担心吗？——一点也不，我想有机会学一门新语言。A.Nodoubt毫无疑问；B.Nowonder难怪；C.Noway决不；一点也不。D.Nocomment不予置评。根据最后一句的回答，推知空处是对问题“doesthatworryyoumuch?”的否定回答，应用Noway“一点也不”符合题意；故选C项。III.完形填空(满分20分)WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11-year-oldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Iwenttoherroom,____21____herforthecash.Laughing,sheagreedtolendmethemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentcompoundinterest(复利)every____22____untilyoupaymeback.”“Compoundinterest—what’sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestiswhatyoucallthe____23____moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,”sheexplained.“Compoundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthe____24____youtaketopaybacktheloan.Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth.Ifyouwaittwomonthstopaymeback,your____25____willgrowfrom$10to$11.SoI’llbechargingyouintereston$11.ThenIwilladdthatinteresttothe$11youalreadyoweme,fora____26____of$12.10.That’swhatyou’llowemeaftertwomonths.”“Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting____27____.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andIboughtthetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.____28____,thatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoyIwanted____29____.Iputoffpayingmysisterforamonth.However,afteranothermonth,I_____30_____abouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.Iwasjustputtingitintomypocket_____31_____Kathleentappedmeontheshoulder.“Sorry,kiddo.That’smine.I’m_____32_____onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenI_____33_____theloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?I_____34_____borrowed$10.”“True,”shesaid,“butinteresthasbeencompoundingforeightmonths.Nowyou_____35_____me$21.43.”Shepaused,thenadded.“Youcanpaymethe$1.43.”I_____36_____tobelievethata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy_____37_____,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Myhead_____38_____asItriedtokeeptrackofKathleen’s_____39_____,butthistime,Igotthebasicideaofcompoundinterest.I_____40_____thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime.21.A.blamingB.beggingC.searchingD.preparing22.A.monthB.yearC.weekD.day23.A.littleB.sameC.enoughD.extra24.A.shorterB.longerC.moreD.less25.A.cashB.savingC.noteD.debt26.A.totalB.costC.numberD.bill27.A.encouragedB.shockedC.confusedD.satisfied28.A.GraduallyB.ObviouslyC.UnfortunatelyD.Hopefully第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

829.A.seriouslyB.anxiouslyC.secretlyD.desperately30.A.forgotB.knewC.talkedD.cared31.A.afterB.untilC.whileD.when32.A.carryingB.collectingC.relyingD.focusing33.A.rememberedB.understoodC.realizedD.noticed34.A.normallyB.nearlyC.onlyD.really35.A.oweB.offerC.takeD.give36.A.decidedB.refusedC.pretendedD.managed37.A.reliefB.delightC.annoyanceD.regret38.A.turnedB.noddedC.cooledD.hurt39.A.calculationsB.excusesC.directionsD.discoveries40.A.exploredB.learnedC.explainedD.questioned【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.B25.D26.A27.C28.C29.D30.A31.D32.B33.A34.C35.A36.B37.C38.D39.A40.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。经过这次经历，作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去了她的房间，求她给我钱。A.blaming责备；B.begging请求；C.searching搜查；D.preparing准备。根据“Idecidedtoaskmy11-year-oldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.”可知，作者想请求他的姐姐借给他一些钱。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我会每月收你10%的复利，直到你还我为止。A.month月；B.year年；C.week周；D.day天。根据“Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth.”可知，作者的姐姐是按月向他收取利息。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：利息就是你所说的借款人在贷款中必须偿还的额外资金。A.little小的；B.same相同的；C.enough足够的；D.extra额外的。根据“Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth.”可知，作者的姐姐向他解释利息就是指除原本的欠款之外，额外支付的钱。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：复利意味着你偿还贷款的时间越长，支付的利息越高。A.shorter更短的；B.longer更长的；C.more更多的；D.less更少的。根据“Torepaytheloan,youwillneedtogiveme$11afteronemonth.Ifyouwaittwomonthstopaymeback,your____5____willgrowfrom$10to$11.”可知，偿还借款时间越久，需要额外支付的利息就越高。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你等两个月再还我钱，你的债务就会从10美元增加到11美元。A.cash现金；B.saving存款；C.note笔记；D.debt债务。根据“SoI’llbechargingyouintereston$11.第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9”可知，附加利息产生的债务会随着时间越来越多。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我会把利息加到你已经欠我的11美元上，总共12美元。A.total总数；B.cost费用；C.number数字；D.bill账单。根据“ThenIwilladdthatinteresttothe$11youalreadyoweme”可知，两个月后连本带息总数为12美元。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过说实话，我有点糊涂了。A.encouraged受鼓励的；B.shocked震惊的；C.confused疑惑的；D.satisfied满意的。根据““Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,”可知，作者尽管爽快地答应了复利的条件，但是对复利这个概念还是似懂非懂，有点糊涂。故选C。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这些钱正好够我买另一个我迫切想要的玩具。A.Gradually逐渐地；B.Obviously明显地；C.Unfortunately不幸的是；D.Hopefully有希望地。根据“thatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoyIwanted____9____.”可知，作者正好用这些钱买了另一个玩具，不得不推迟还钱，需要还更多的利息，这是件不幸的事。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这些钱正好够我买另一个我迫切想要的玩具。A.seriously认真地；B.anxiously焦急地；C.secretly秘密地；D.desperately极其渴望地。desperately常用need/want一起搭配，表示“急需；非常渴望”。此处表示作者非常想要另外一件玩具。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：又过了一个月，我忘了借款的事。A.forgot忘记；B.knew知道；C.talked谈论；D.cared在意。根据“Iwasjustputtingitintomypocket____11____Kathleentappedmeontheshoulder.”可知，作者后来完全忘记了借款的事。故选A。【31题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我正要把它放进口袋，正在那时Kathleen拍了拍我的肩膀。A.after在……之后；B.until直到；C.while然而；D.when正在那时。bedoing…when…正在做某事的时候，正在这时另一件事发生了，所以应用when。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“抱歉，kiddo，那些钱是我的。我要收账了”。A.carrying携带；B.collecting收集；C.relying依靠；D.focusing聚焦。根据下文“onyourdebt.”可知，作者的姐姐这时要按照复利向他讨要借款了。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我想起了贷款。A.remembered记得；B.understood理解；C.realized意识到；D.noticed注意。根据“However,afteranothermonth,I____10____abouttheloan.”可知，作者想起了贷款。故选A。【34题详解】第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10考查副词词义辨析。句意：我只借了10美元。A.normally正常地；B.nearly差不多，几乎；C.only仅仅，只；D.really真正地。根据“Howcanitbethatmuch?”可知，作者大感意外：当初只借了10美元，如今却要连本带息偿还这么多钱。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在你欠我21.43美元。A.owe欠；B.offer提供；C.take带走；D.give给。根据“butinteresthasbeencompoundingforeightmonths.”可知，现在作者欠姐姐21.43美元。故选A。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不相信一笔10美元的贷款能这么快翻倍。A.decided决定；B.refused拒绝；C.pretended假装；D.managed管理。根据“a$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.”可知，作者拒绝相信当初借下的10美元利滚利居然变成21.43美元。故选B。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我大为恼火的是，我姐姐拿出她的铅笔和写字板，告诉我这一切是怎么回事。A.relief救济；B.delight高兴；C.annoyance恼火；D.regret遗憾，歉意。根据“I____16____tobelievethata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.”可知，作者不愿相信，所以在姐姐向作者证明时，作者大为恼火。故选C。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我试图跟上Kathleen的计算时，我的头很疼，但这一次，我明白了复利的基本概念。A.turned转动；B.nodded点头；C.cooled冷却；D.hurt感到疼痛。根据“asItriedtokeeptrackofKathleen’s____19____,”可知，作者本来就对复利不甚了解，听到姐姐为自己演算8个月复利的借款数目，顿时大感头痛。故选D。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我试图跟上Kathleen的计算时，我的头很疼，但这一次，我明白了复利的基本概念。A.calculations计算；B.excuses借口；C.directions方向；D.discoveries发现。根据“mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.”可知，姐姐Kathleen通过计算，向作者展示当初的10美元如果在8个月连本带利翻到21.43美元。故选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从惨痛的教训中认识到，借钱在任何时候都可能是“双重麻烦”。A.explored探索；B.learned学习；C.explained解释；D.questioned质疑。根据“thatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime”可知，作者从惨痛的教训中学到了复利的基本原理，领教到复利的可怕之处。故选B。IV.阅读理解(满分40分)AIfabusinesswantstosellitsproductsinternationally,ithadbetterdosomemarketresearchfirst.ThisisalessonthatsomelargeAmericancorporationshavelearnedinthehardway.What’sinthename?Sometimestheproblemisthename.WhenGeneralMotorsintroduceditsChevyNovaintoLatinAmerica,it第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11overlookedthefactthatNovainSpanishmeans“Itdoesn’tgo”.Sureenough,theChevyNovaneverwentanywhereinLatinAmerica.TranslationproblemsSometimesitisthesloganthatdoesn’twork.NocompanyknowsthisbetterthanPepsi-Cola,withits“ComealivewithPepsi!”campaign.ThecampaignwassosuccessfulintheUnitedStatesthatPepsitranslateditssloganliterally(按字面意思的)foritsinternationalcampaign.Asitturnedout,thetranslationswerenotquiteright.PepsiwasbeggingGermansto“Comeoutofthegrave”andtellingtheChinesethat“Pepsibringsyourancestorsbackfromthegrave.”ApictureisworthathousandwordsOthertimes,theprobleminvolvespackaging.ApictureofasmilingbabyhashelpedsellcountlessjarsofGerberbabyfood.WhenGerberstartedsellingbabyfoodinAfrica,theyusedthesamepackagingasintheUS,withthesmilingbabyonthelabel.LatertheylearnedthatinAfricancountries,thepictureonthejarshowswhatthejarhasinit,formanypeopletherecan’tread.TwistoffateEvencultureandreligiousfactorsandpurecoincidencecanbeinvolved.ThornMcAnshoeshaveaThornMcAn“signature”inside.TopeopleinBangladesh,whichisaMuslimcountry,thissignaturelookedlikeArabicscriptforthewordAllah.Inthatcountry,feetareconsideredunclean,andMuslimsfeltthecompanywasoffendingGod’snamebyhavingpeoplewalkonit.41.Fromthetextwelearnthat______.A.ChevyNovawasbroughtinLatinAmericaB.GeneralMotorsdidthebestmarketresearchofallcompaniesC.the“ComealivewithPepsi”campaignworkedwellintheUSD.PepsistillsoldwellinChinaowingtothetranslationproblems42.WhatwasGerber’sproblem?A.Thepictureonthejar.B.Culturalfactor.C.Religiousfactor.D.Atranslationproblem.43.ForwhatreasonwereThornMcAnshoesturneddowninBangladesh?A.Theyarenotdesignedattractively.B.Theiradvertisementsarenotpersuasive.C.ProblemforThornMcAnwasthecompany’sname.D.AsignaturelookinglikethewordAllahwasintheshoes.44.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare______.A.productadvertisersB.marketresearchersCmanagersofSalesDepartmentD.businessestopromoteproductsabroad45.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?A.TheimportanceofpackagingB.Theimportanceofmarketresearch.C.Howtomakeuseofadvertisements.D.Lessonsfromsomelargecorporations.【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.D45.B【解析】第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文以几个实例向我们展示一些商战中的教训，告知我们想要拓展国际市场，我们首先一定要做一些市场调查。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ThecampaignwassosuccessfulintheUnitedStatesthatPepsitranslateditssloganliterally(按字面意思的)foritsinternationalcampaign.”（这一活动在美国非常成功，百事可乐公司甚至将其口号逐字翻译成国际活动。）由此可知，“ComealivewithPepsi”活动在美国效果很好。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“LatertheylearnedthatinAfricancountries,thepictureonthejarshowswhatthejarhasinit,formanypeopletherecan’tread.”（后来他们了解到，在非洲国家，罐子上的图案显示了罐子里的东西，因为那里的许多人不识字。）由此可知，Gerber的问题出在包装图案上。故选A。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“TopeopleinBangladesh,whichisaMuslimcountry,thissignaturelookedlikeArabicscriptforthewordAllah.Inthatcountry,feetareconsideredunclean,andMuslimsfeltthecompanywasoffendingGod’snamebyhavingpeoplewalkonit.”（对孟加拉国这个穆斯林国家的人来说，这个签名看起来像阿拉伯文字“Allah”。在那个国家，脚被认为是不干净的，穆斯林认为该公司让人们在Allah上行走是冒犯了上帝的名字。）由此可知，在孟加拉国，ThornMcAn鞋被拒绝的原因是鞋子上有一个签名，看起来像是“Allah”，人们认为把Allah的名字踩在脚底下是对Allah的冒犯。故选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifabusinesswantstosellitsproductsinternationally,ithadbetterdosomemarketresearchfirst.ThisisalessonthatsomelargeAmericancorporationshavelearnedinthehardway.”（如果一个企业想要在国际上销售其产品，最好先做一些市场调查。这是一些美国大公司在经历了惨痛的教训后得到的教训。）由此可推知，这篇文章的目标读者是那些想要在国外推销产品的企业。故选D。【45题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ifabusinesswantstosellitsproductsinternationally,ithadbetterdosomemarketresearchfirst.”（如果一个企业想要在国际上销售其产品，最好先做一些市场调查。）结合文章主要以几个实例向我们展示一些商战中的教训，告知我们想要拓展国际市场，我们首先一定要做一些市场调查。由此可推知，本文讲述了市场调查的重要性。故选B。B“Idon’twanttowriteastoryaboutgirls!Idon’tknowanythingaboutgirls,”LouisaMayAlcotttoldherpublisher,Mr.Niles.Butshewasdesperateformoney.Sheseemedtobetheonlyoneinherfamilywhocouldmakeanymoney.Nileshadaskedhertowriteaboutsomethingsheknew,insteadoftheromanticadventurestoriesshehadbeenwriting.“SoIplodaway,”Alcottwrote,“thoughIdon’tenjoythissortofthing.”Itwas1867,andthehorribleCivilWarwasover.NowAlcottcouldturnherenergytomakingmoney.Alcottwroteasimplestoryoflifeinherfamily,theirpillowfightsonSaturdaynightsandtheamateur(业余的)playstheyperformed.“Ourexperiencesmayproveinteresting,thoughIdoubtit.”(“Goodjoke,”shewroteyearslater.)Herbookdescribedherdaysgrowingupwithfoursistersinafamilythathadnomoney.Shesketched第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13(勾画)alovingmotherwhotooktimetobeinterestedineachchild,andshetoldofthedeathofabelovedsister.SheportrayedherfamilyandfriendsinherbookLittleWomen.Finally,inJulyof1868,shefinishedwriting.Withasighandaheadache,shesentoffall102handwrittenpagesofherbook.Nilesthoughtthebookwasdull,andsodidAlcott.Butwhenshereceivedhercopiesofthebook,Alcottthoughtitseemedbetterthanexpected.“Notabitsensational,”shewrote,“butsimpleandtrue.Wereallylivedmostofit.”NilesaskedsomegirlstoreadLittleWomen,andtheylovedit.Inthreemonths,allthecopiesofLittleWomenhadsold.Itwasalreadytimetoprintmorebooks!Nilesthoughthecouldsellthreeorfourhundredmorecopies.“Anhonestpublisherandaluckyauthormadeadullbookintoagoldeneggforanuglyduckling,”Alcottwrotein1885.Later,withagreatsighofrelief,shewasabletowrite,“Paidoffallthedebts!NowIfeelthatIcoulddieinpeace.Ifmyheadholdsout,I’lldoallIoncehopedtodo.”46.WhichofthefollowingwouldbeusedtodescribeAlcott’sbook?A.Magic.B.Funny.C.Boring.D.Skillful.47.Inwhichorderdidthefollowinghappen?a.AlcottbeganwritingLittleWomenb.NilesaskedAlcotttowriteaboutgirlsc.Alcottwroteromanticadventurestoriesd.Alcottperformedplayswithhersisterse.NileswasnotpleasedwithAlcott’swork.A.a,b,e,d,cB.d,c,a,b,eC.c,b,e,d,aD.d,c,e,b,a48.Whenshehandedherfirstwritingin,Nileswas______.A.sureofhersuccessB.happyaboutherworkC.unsatisfiedwiththeworkD.unpleasedwiththepublisher49.Alcotttookupwritingasajobduelargelyto______.A.loveB.interestC.povertyD.encouragement50.Welearnfromthestorythat,afterLittleWomensoldout,______.A.AlcottpaidoffallherbillsB.AlcottwroteanotherbookC.somegirlsstartedtoreadthebookD.Nilespublishedhundredsofbooksgirlsliked【答案】46.B47.D48.C49.C50.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述的是一个诚实的出版商Niles和一个幸运的作者Alcot把一本枯燥的书从一只丑小鸭变成金蛋的故事。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Alcottwroteasimplestoryoflifeinherfamily,theirpillowfightsonSaturdaynightsandtheamateurplaystheyperformed.“Ourexperiencesmayproveinteresting,thoughIdoubtit.”(“Goodjoke,”shewroteyearslater.)(奥尔科特写了一个简单的故事，关于她的家庭生活，他们在周六晚上的枕头大战，以及他们表演的业余戏剧。“我们的经历可能会很有趣，尽管我对此表示怀疑。”(第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14“好笑话，”她多年后写道。))”可知，她的书主要描写了一些有趣的家庭琐事，所以有趣可以用来描述奥尔科特的书。故选B项。【47题详解】细节理解题。由文章前两段可判断出这些事件发生的先后顺序。根据第一段中““Idon’twanttowriteastoryaboutgirls!Idon’tknowanythingaboutgirls,”LouisaMayAlcotttoldherpublisher,Mr.Niles.(“我不想写一个关于女孩的故事!”我对女孩一无所知，”路易莎·梅·奥尔科特(LouisaMayAlcott)对她的出版商奈尔斯说)”以及“Nileshadaskedhertowriteaboutsomethingsheknew,insteadoftheromanticadventurestoriesshehadbeenwriting.“SoIplodaway,”Alcottwrote,“thoughIdon’tenjoythissortofthing.”(奈尔斯让她写一些她知道的东西，而不是她一直在写的浪漫冒险故事。奥尔科特写道：“所以我埋头苦干，尽管我不喜欢这种事。”)”可推知，ceb顺序是正常的；再根据第二段中“Alcottwroteasimplestoryoflifeinherfamily,theirpillowfightsonSaturdaynightsandtheamateurplaystheyperformed.(奥尔科特写了一个简单的故事，关于她的家庭生活，他们在周六晚上的枕头大战，以及他们表演的业余戏剧)”和“SheportrayedherfamilyandfriendsinherbookLittleWomen.Finally,inJulyof1868,shefinishedwriting.(她在《小妇人》一书中描绘了她的家人和朋友。终于，在1868年7月，她完成了写作)”可知，奥尔科特和她的姐妹们一起表演戏剧是小时候的事，所以最先发生，所以d项是最先发生，然后是奥尔科特刚开始时是写浪漫的冒险故事，之后奈尔斯对奥尔科特的工作不满意，让她写女孩的故事，最后奥尔科特开始写《小妇人》，所以是d,c,e,b,a的顺序。故选D项。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Nilesthoughtthebookwasdull,andsodidAlcott.(奈尔斯认为这本书枯燥乏味，奥尔科特也这么认为)”Niles认为这本书枯燥乏味，可推知，对她的作品是不满意的。故选C项。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Butshewasdesperateformoney.Sheseemedtobetheonlyoneinherfamilywhocouldmakeanymoney.(但她急需钱。她似乎是家里唯一能赚钱的人)”可推知，奥尔科特从事写作工作很大程度上是为了赚钱。故选C项。【50题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Inthreemonths,allthecopiesofLittleWomenhadsold.Itwasalreadytimetoprintmorebooks!Nilesthoughthecouldsellthreeorfourhundredmorecopies.“Anhonestpublisherandaluckyauthormadeadullbookintoagoldeneggforanuglyduckling,”Alcottwrotein1885.Later,withagreatsighofrelief,shewasabletowrite,“Paidoffallthedebts!NowIfeelthatIcoulddieinpeace.Ifmyheadholdsout,I’lldoallIoncehopedtodo.”(三个月后，《小妇人》就卖光了。是时候印刷更多的书了!奈尔斯认为他还能多卖出三四百本。奥尔科特在1885年写道：“一个诚实的出版商和一个幸运的作者把一本枯燥的书变成了一只丑小鸭的金蛋。”后来，她终于松了一口气，写下：“还清了所有的债务!现在我觉得我可以平静地死去。如果我的脑袋还在，我就会做我曾经希望做的一切。”)”可知，当《小妇人》卖完后，Alcott也还清了她所有的债务。故选A项。C第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15Tinymicrobes(微生物)areattheheartofanewagriculturaltechniquetomanageharmfulgreenhousegas.Scientistshavediscoveredhowmicrobescanbeusedtoturncarbondioxideintosoil-enrichinglimestone(石灰石),withthehelpofatypeoftreethatgrowsintropicalareas,suchasWestAfrica.ResearchershavefoundthatwhentheIrokotreeisgrownindry,acidicsoilandtreatedwithacombinationofnaturalfungi(霉菌)andotherbacteria,notonlydoesthetreegrowwell,italsoproducestheminerallimestoneinthesoilarounditsroot.TheIrokotreemakesamineralbycombiningCafromtheearthwithCO2fromtheatmosphere.Thebacteriathencreatetheconditionsunderwhichthismineralturnsintolimestone.Thediscoveryoffersanewwaytolockcarbonintothesoil,keepingitoutoftheatmosphere.Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetrees’leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.Thediscoverycouldleadtoreforestation(重新造林)projectsintropicalcountries,andhelpreducecarbondioxideintheatmosphereinthedevelopingworld.IthasalreadybeenusedinWestAfricaandisbeingtestedinBolivia,HaitiandIndia.Thefindingsweremadeinathree-yearprojectinvolvingresearchersfromtheUniversitiesofEdinburgh,Granada,LausanneandDelftUniversityofTechnology.TheprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsoflockingCO2aslimestone,andtheIroko-bacteriawayshowedbestresults.WorkwasfundedbytheEuropeanCommissionundertheFuture&EmergingTechnologies(FET)scheme.DrBryneNgwenyaoftheUniversityofEdinburgh’sSchoolofGeoSciences,wholedtheresearch,said:“Bytakingadvantageofthisnaturallimestone-producingprocess,wehavealow-tech,safe,readilyemployedandeasilyoperatingwaytolockcarbonoutoftheatmosphere,whileimprovingfarmingconditionsintropicalcountries.”51.Thepassageismainlyintroducing________.A.someusefulnaturalfungiandbacteriaB.anewwaytodealwithgreenhousegasC.anewly-foundtreeinWestAfricaD.thesoil-enrichinglimestonecreatedbyscientists52.WhichofthefollowingisTrueabouttinymicrobes?A.Mosttinymicrobeslikelivingindry,acidicsoil.B.CO2canbebrokendownbynaturalfungiandbacteria.C.Themoregreenhousegasis,themoreactivetinymicrobesbecome.D.TinymicrobesgetalongwellwiththeIrokotreeinspecialsoil.53.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3probablyreferto?A.Carbondioxide.B.Carbon.C.Soil.D.Limestone.54.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanweinfer?A.Theactionofthetinymicrobescanincreasetheoxygenintheearth.B.ResearchershavedonetheexperimentontreesinAfricaforthreeyears.第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16C.Researcherstendtousenaturalpowertosolvetheirproblem.D.WestAfricaisoneofthemostpollutedareasallovertheworld.55.Accordingtothepassage,theIroko-bacteriamethod________.A.canbeusedtoimprovethefarminglandB.cansavealotofseriouslydestroyedwoodsC.hasbeenpopularizedinBolivia,HaitiandIndiaD.shouldbespreadallaroundtheworldinthefuture【答案】51.B52.D53.C54.C55.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现在艾罗科树的帮助下，发现微生物可以用来将二氧化碳转化为石灰石，这种方法可以用来处理温室气体。【51题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Tinymicrobes(微生物)areattheheartofanewagriculturaltechniquetomanageharmfulgreenhousegas.”可知，微生物是管理有害温室气体的农业新技术的核心，本文介绍的就是利用这种新技术处理温室气体的方法，故B项正确。【52题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，当艾罗科树生长在干燥、酸性的土壤中并经过天然真菌和其他细菌的组合处理后，它不仅生长良好，还会在根部周围的土壤中产生矿物质石灰石，由此可知，在某种特殊的土壤中，艾罗科树能够和微生物相处得很好，故D项正确。【53题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线前的“Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetrees’leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture”可知，除了在树叶和石灰石中储存碳外，土壤中的矿物质使土壤更适合农业生产，由此可知it指代的就是前面提到的“土壤”，故C项正确。【54题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“TheprojectexaminedseveralmicrobiologicalmethodsoflockingCO2aslimestone,andtheIroko-bacteriawayshowedbestresults.”可知，该项目研究了多种将二氧化碳锁定为石灰石的微生物方法，其中艾罗科树和微生物的方法效果最好，再结合最后一段内容可知，研究人员倾向于使用自然力量来解决温室气体的问题，故C项正确。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Inadditiontostoringcarboninthetrees’leavesandintheformoflimestone,themineralinthesoilmakesitmoresuitableforagriculture.”可知，这种方法可以让土壤中的矿物质使土壤更适合农业生产，也就是能够用于改善耕地，故A项正确。【点睛】科技类说明文的主旨大意题难度较大，这类文章通常开篇即点明主题，因此对一段的理解是关键，例如本篇第1题，文章开篇即指出微生物是管理有害温室气体的农业新技术的核心，紧接着又说科学家发现在艾罗科树的帮助下，微生物可以用来将二氧化碳转化为石灰石，由此可知，本文介绍的就是利用微生物将二氧化碳转化为石灰石来处理温室气体这种新方法。第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

17DTasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Themostyoucansayaboutanyone’spreferenceisthatit’soneperson’sopinion.Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies-Coca-ColaandPepsiCola-aremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatchallengedpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesaseitherCoca-colaorPepsifans:Findyourbrandinablindtasting.WeinvitedstaffvolunteerswhohadastronglikingforeitherCoca-ColaClassicorPepsi,DietCoke,orDietPepsi.Thesewerepeoplewhothoughtthey’dhavenotroubletellingtheirbrandfromtheotherbrand.Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietcoladrinkers.Thenwefedthemwithfourunidentifiedsamplesofcolaoneatatime,regularcolasfortheonegroup,dietversionsfortheother.WeaskedthemtotelluswhethereachsamplewasCokeorPepsi;thenweanalyzedtherecordsstatisticallytocomparetheparticipants’choiceswithwhatmereguessworkcouldhaveaccomplished.Gettingallfoursamplesrightwasatoughtest,butnottootough,wethought,forpeoplewhobelievedtheycouldrecognizetheirbrand.Intheend,only7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thediet-coladrinkersdidalittleworse-only7outof27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.Bothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredict,butnearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twopeoplegotallfoursampleswrong.Overall,halftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirst,sotiredness,ortasteburnout,wasnotafactor.OurpreferencetestresultssuggestthatonlyafewPepsiparticipantsandCokefansmayreallybeabletotelltheirfavoritebrandbytasteandprice.56.Accordingtothepassagethepreferencetestwasconductedinorderto______.A.revealwhichcolaismoretothelikingofthedrinkersB.showthataperson’sopinionabouttasteismereguessworkC.findouttheroletastepreferenceplaysinaperson’sdrinkingD.comparetheabilityoftheparticipantsinchoosingtheirdrinks57.Thestatisticsrecordedinthepreferencetestsshowthat______.Apeople’stastesdifferfromoneanotherB.fewpeoplehadtroubletellingCoca-ColafromPepsiC.Coca-ColaandPepsiarepeople’stwomostfavoritedrinksD.thereisnotmuchdifferenceintastebetweenCoca-ColaandPepsi58.Itisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthat______.A.blindtastingisnecessaryforidentifyingfansB.thecompetitionbetweenthetwocolasisverystrongC.thepurposeoftastetestistopromotethesaleofcolasD.theimprovementofqualityisthechiefconcernofthetwocolacompanies59.Theunderlinedword“burnout”herereferstothestateof______.A.beingbadlydamagedbyfireB.beingseriouslyburntintheskin第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

18C.beingunabletoburnforlackoffuelD.beingunabletofunctionbecauseoftoomuchuse60.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageisto______.A.showthattastepreferenceishighlysubjectiveB.arguethattastetestingisanimportantmarketingstrategyC.emphasizethattasteandpricearecloselyrelatedtoeachotherD.recommendthatblindtastingbeintroducedinthequalitycontrolofcolas【答案】56.C57.D58.B59.D60.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章用偏好测试证明了味觉偏好是高度主观的这样一个事实。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatchallengedpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesaseitherCoca-colaorPepsifans:Findyourbrandinablindtasting.(我们想知道口味偏好在品牌忠诚度中究竟扮演了多大的角色。我们设立了一个品尝测试，挑战那些自称为可口可乐或百事可乐粉丝的人：在盲品中找到你的品牌)”可知在自称为可口可乐或百事可乐粉丝的人中做偏好测试，让他们盲品，看是否能够通过口味偏好找到自己的品牌。由此可知，做偏好测试是为了找出偏好在人喝饮料中起着什么作用；故选C项。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Intheend,only7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thediet-coladrinkersdidalittleworse-only7outof27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.(最后，在所有四项试验中，19名经常喝可乐的人中只有7人正确地说出了他们选择的品牌。饮用无糖可乐的人表现稍差，27个样本中只有7个正确识别了所有四个样本)”可推知可口可乐和百事可乐的口味差别并不大，因为只有少部分的人正确说出了他们选择的品牌；故选D项。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Butbecausethetwobigcolacompanies-Coca-ColaandPepsiCola-aremarketedsoaggressively(但因为两大可乐公司——可口可乐和百事可乐——他们的营销非常激烈)”可知可口可乐和百事可乐这两个公司的营销手段非常激烈，故推知他们之间的竞争也是非常强烈的；故选B项。【59题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中“Bothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredict,butnearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twopeoplegotallfoursampleswrong.Overall,halftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirst,sotiredness,ortasteburnout,wasnotafactor.(两组的表现都比随机预测的要好，但每组中有近一半的参与者两次或两次以上做出了错误的选择。有两个人把四个样本都搞错了。总的来说，一半的参与者在最后一轮品尝时的表现和第一轮一样好，所以疲劳或味觉burnout不是一个因素)”可知参与者最后一轮的表现和第一轮一样，故他们并没有因为品尝过多而造成疲劳或者味觉的耗尽而影响表现。由此可知，tasteburnout是指味觉疲劳，即划线单词“burnout”的意思是“因过度使用而不能工作的”；故选D项。第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

19【60题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Tasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.(口味是一个如此主观的事情，我们通常不会对食物进行偏好测试)”可知文章开头提出“口味是一个如此主观的事情”这样一个观点，文章后面段落用一个偏好测试来证明了这一观点，全文也都是围绕这一观点在进行阐述；故选项C“showthattastepreferenceishighlysubjective(表明味觉偏好是高度主观的)”是本篇文章的写作目的；故选A项。V.阅读表达(满分10分)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.In2013,thecarpenterfromSchuby,GermanywassurfingtheInternetwhenhecameacrossanorganizationcalledBeTheMatch,thelargestbonemarrow(骨髓)registryintheworld.The19-year-olddidn’tthinktwiceaboutdonating,butheneverfoundoutwhohismarrowwenttountilyearslaterwhenhereceivedamessagefromhalfwayaroundtheworld。.Asitturnsout.Dennisdidn'tjustsaveanotherperson.Hesavedababy—littleGabrielSmithfromSpringfield,Illinois.Asalittlebaby,Gabrielwasdiagnosed(诊断)withaplasticanemiaandwentintobonemarrowfailure.Atjust14monthsold,hereceivedDennis1lifesavingtransplant.Fastforwardto20l8,whentheMake—A—WishFoundationcontactedGabriel'sfamilytooffertheseven-year-oldonewish."Atfirst,hesaid,"TakemydonortomeetMickey,"Gabriel'smom,Lauren,toldCNN."Butwecouldn'tdothat,sohewasaskedtochooseone:MeetyourdonororgotoDisney.Hechosetomeethisdonor,Dennis,withoutanyhesitation."Fortunately,Dennishadalreadyagreedtosharehisidentitywithhisrecipient'sfamily.Evenso,hearingfromthemcameasabitofashock."Iwasspeechless,Dennissaid."Ican'tbelievethatthishappenedandthathesurvivedthebonemarrowtransplant."InAugust,Make—A—WisharrangedforDennistotraveltotheU.S.forthefirsttimeever,whereheandGabrielbecameconjoined.WhileGabrieldidn'tgotoDisneyWorld,hegotsomethingevenbetter:adventureswithhisownpersonalhero."Heispartofourfamilynow,"Laurensaid."Wearehopingthisexperiencewillinspireothers.”Andincredibly,itdid!OnAugust27,LaurensharedonFacebookthatDennisandGabriel'sstoryhasalreadyinspiredthousandsofAmericanstosignupwithBeTheMatch.Withoneselflesschoice,Dennissparkedawaveofpotentiallylifesavingacts.He'snotjustaherotoGabrielandhisfamily:He'saherotousall.61.HowdidDennislearnabouttheorganizationcalledBeTheMatch?(nomorethan10words)______________________62.WhatwasGabriel'swishatlast?(nomorethan5words)______________________63.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph4mean?(Iword)______________________64.WhatistheinfluenceofDennisandGabriel'sstory?(nomorethan15words)______________________65.Whoisthe"hero"inyourlife?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words)______________________第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司

20【答案】61.HelearnedabouttheorganizationwhensurfingtheInternet./HegottoknowitthroughtheInternetbyaccident./ThroughsurfingtheInternet.62.Tomeethisdonor./ToseeDennis.63.Close/Connected/Inseparable.64.TheirstoriesinspiredthousandsofAmericanstosighupwithBeTheMatch./Alotofpeoplefollowedtheirexample.65.Answersmayvary.Myfather/mother.Becausehe/sheraisesmeupandaccompaniesmethroughhardship./Myteacher.Becausehe/sheteachesmenotonlyknowledgebutalsovaluesandpositiveattitudes.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了木匠丹尼斯捐献骨髓的故事。他的故事鼓舞了许多美国人。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“In2013,thecarpenterfromSchuby,GermanywassurfingtheInternetwhenhecameacrossanorganizationcalledBeTheMatch,thelargestbonemarrow(骨髓)registryintheworld.”可知，Dennis在网上了解的这个组织。learnabout了解；gettoknow“知道”；throughtheInternet“通过网络”；surftheInternet“上网”。根据语境，用一般过去时。考虑词数限制。故答案是HelearnedabouttheorganizationwhensurfingtheInternet./HegottoknowitthroughtheInternetbyaccident./ThroughsurfingtheInternet.【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Hechosetomeethisdonor,Dennis,withoutanyhesitation.”可知，最后，Cabriel的愿望是去见他的捐献者。考虑词数，故答案是Tomeethisdonor./ToseeDennis.【63题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Fortunately,Dennishadalreadyagreedtosharehisidentitywithhisrecipient'sfamily.”（幸运的是，丹尼斯已经同意与他的受捐者的家人分享了他的身份。）可知，丹尼斯同意与Gabriel想见，因此推断划线词所在句句意是：在八月，Make—A—Wish安排丹尼斯第一次去美国，在那里他和Gabriel取得了联系（connected），成为亲密（close）的或者形影不离的（inseparable）。考虑词数。故答案是Close/Connected/Inseparable.【64题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“OnAugust27,LaurensharedonFacebookthatDennisandGabriel'sstoryhasalreadyinspiredthousandsofAmericanstosignupwithBeTheMatch.”可知，丹尼斯和Gabriel的故事鼓舞了数千美国人报名参加了BeTheMatch，效仿他们。followone’sexample“以某人为榜样”。考查词数限制。故答案为TheirstoriesinspiredthousandsofAmericanstosighupwithBeTheMatch./Alotofpeoplefollowedtheirexample.【65题详解】推理判断题。此处答案不唯一。只要合情合理，有根有据就可以。主语考虑词数。故答案为Answersmayvary.Myfather/mother.Becausehe/sheraisesmeupandaccompaniesmethroughhardship./Myteacher.Becausehe/sheteachesmenotonlyknowledgebutalsovaluesandpositiveattitudes.第21页/共21页学科网（北京）股份有限公司