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2022北京人大附中高二上学期期中考试英语试卷第一部分：知识应用（共四节，43分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Nooneisbornawinner.Peoplemakethemselvesintowinnersbytheirown____1____.Ilearnedthislessonfromanexperiencemanyyearsago.ItooktheheadcoachingjobataschoolinBaxleyGeorgia.Itwasasmallschoolwithaweakfootballprogram.Itwasatraditionfortheschool'soldteamtoplayagainstthe____2____teamattheendofspringpractice.Theoldteamhadnocoach,andtheydidn’tevenpracticetoprepareforthegame.Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointment,weweredefeated.Icouldn’tbelieveIhadgotintosuchasituation.Thinkinghardaboutit,IcametorealizethatmyteammightnotbethenumberoneteaminGeorgia,buttheywere____3____me.Ihadtochangemy____4____abouttheirabilityandpotential.IstarteddoinganythingIcouldtohelpthembuildalittle____5____.Mostimportantly,Ibegantotreatthemlike___6___.Thatsummer,whentheotherteamsenjoyedtheirvacations,wemeteverydayandpracticedpassingandkickingthefootball.Sixmonthsaftersufferingourdefeatonthespringpracticefield,wewonourfirstgameandoursecondandcontinuedtoimprove.Finally,wefacedthenumberoneteaminthestate.Ifeltthatitwouldbea____7____forusevenifwelostthegame.Butthatwasn’twhathappened.MyboysbeatthebestteaminGeorgia,givingmeoneofthegreatest____8____ofmylife!Fromtheexperience,Ilearnedalotabouthowtheattitudeoftheleadercanaffectthemembersofateam.Insteadofseeingmyboysaslosers,Ipushedand____9____them.Ihelpedthemtoseethemselves______10______,andtheybuiltthemselvesintowinners.Winnersaremade,notborn.1.A.luckB.effortsC.testsD.nature2.A.excellentB.successfulC.newD.strong3.A.dependingonB.lookingforC.reactingtoD.caringabout4.A.intentionB.conclusionC.decisionD.attitude5.A.cultureB.fortuneC.relationshipD.pride6.A.winnersB.leadersC.learnersD.part7.A.burdenB.victoryC.shameD.favor8.A.offersB.concernsC.thrillsD.chances9.A.observedB.encouragedC.impressedD.protected10.A.calmlyB.honestlyC.differentlyD.individually第二节（共10小题：每小题1分，共10分）在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1
1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域内作答。11.____________(wait)forherfortwohoursinthepark,Ihadtoleave.(所给词的适当形式填空)12.Studentsare____________(appreciate)ofthehelpfromthesevolunteerteachers.(所给词的适当形式填空)13.Herealizesthatahugeamountofpaper,printedonlyone-sided,iswasted,andthereforecommitshimselfto____________(recyclable)it.(所给词的适当形式填空)14.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunications,wehadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot,____________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.(用适当的词填空)15.Thecashlesspayingsystem____________(install)threeyearsagohelpsreducestudentsqueueingtime.(所给词的适当形式填空)16.Iheardapassengerbehindme____________(shout)tothedriver,andherefusedtostopuntilwereachedthenextstop.(所给词的适当形式填空)17.Thesearethepaperstobereviewed,allof____________areintendedforthecomingexams.(用适当的词填空)18.ZhongyuanFestival,orGhostFestival,isnotasadday,buttimetocelebrate____________reunion(重聚)offamilies.19.Nowadays,manypeopleareaddicted____________TikTok,whichisnotaveryproductivewayoflife.(用适当的词填空)第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）请用方框中词组的适当形式填空，有一项为多余选项。每个词组只可以使用一次。geton,turnone’sbackon,set..apart,boildownto,applyoneselfto,wrapup,setout,stressedout,doone’spart,berelatedto,makesense20.It____________onesimplefact:thissocietyrewardseffortsratherthanresults.21.Whenhecameback,Iaskedhimhowhe____________attheinterview.22.Inthepast,muchofthecrimeinthisarea____________drugabuse.23.Peoplecommentedthatherclearandelegantstyle____________frommostotherjournalists.24.Eventoday,itstill____________tostartsavingearlyforhighereducation.25.Overthepasttwoyears,she____________herstudieswithdedication.26.Itisnousegetting____________foritisonlygoingtomakethingsworse.27.Thenegotiationsareexpectedto____________withinsixtydays.28.She____________themwhentheyneededherprovedheruntrustworthy.29.Thenextmorning,hehiredaboatand____________tofindthewell-knownpainter.第四节（共4小题：每小题2分，共8分）使用所给提示，翻译下列句子。只需要将所填写内容，写在答题卡指定区域内。30.无论遇到什么困难，我们都能解决。（whatever）Wecansolve____________.31.没有你的帮助，所有的这一切都无法实现。（虚拟条件句）
2Allofthis_________,withoutyourhelp.32.我宁愿骑车上学，而不搭计程车。（wouldrather...than...）I________________.33.真正重要的不是发生了什么，而是你如何去应对所发生的事情。（not...but...）Itis___________________thattrulymatters第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题：每小题2分，共20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhoisaRealDanger?CyclistsorPedestrians?Wearehavingadebateaboutthistopic.Herearesomelettersfromourreaders.Yes,manycyclistsbehavedangerously.Manydriversaredisrespectfulofcyclists.Butpedestriansareprobablytheworstoffenders.Peopleofallageshappilywalkalongthepavementwitheyesandhandsgluedtotheirmobilephones,quiteunawareofwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Theymayevendothesamethingwhilecrossingaroadatapedestriancrossingorelsewhere.Therestofushavetoevade(避让)themorjuststandstilltowaitfortheunavoidablecollision.Therealproblemisthatsomepedestriansseemtobe,atleastforthemoment,inworldsoftheirownthatare,tothem,muchmoreimportantthanthewelfareofothers.—MichaelHoranIlovetheletterfromBobBrooksaboutcyclists(Viewpoints,May29).Iamafraidtheyseemtothinktheyowntheroads.IwaswalkingacrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeand,onbeingaskedwhathewasdoing,shoutedatme.Thegovernmentbuiltacyclelaneontheroad,butitishardlyused.Thepolicedonothing.Whatalaughtheyare!Thecyclistsshouldallhavetobemadetousethecyclelanesandwearhelmets,fluorescent(发荧光的)jacketsandlightsatnightandinthemorning.Theyshouldpaysomesortoftaxandbefinedfornotwearingthem.—CarolHarveyCyclistsjumponandoffpavements(whicharemeantforpedestrians),rideatspeedalongthepavements,andthinktheyhaveaspecialrighttogothroughtrafficlightswhentheyareonred.Iwasalmostknockeddownrecentlybyacyclistridingonthepavementwhentherewasacyclelanerightnexttohim.Otherroadusers,includinghorseriders,managetoobeytherules.Sowhynotcyclists?It’sabouttimetheywereregisteredandinsured,sowhentheydohitapedestrianoravehicleorcauseanaccident,atleasttheycanbetreatedandtheremightbeanopportunitytoclaimcompensation.—JMLWritetoViewpointsofthenewspaper.
334.MichaelHoranwrotethelettermainlytoshowthat__________.A.walkingwhileusingphoneshurtsone’seyesB.somepedestriansareathreattoroadsafetyC.roadaccidentscanactuallybeavoidedD.driversshouldbepolitetocyclists35.CarolHarveysuggeststhatcyclistsshould__________.AbeprovidedwithenoughroadsB.bemadetopaylesstaxforcyclingC.beaskedtorideontheirownlanesD.befinedforlaughingatpolicemen36.Thethreeletterspresentviewpointson__________.A.waystoimproveroadsafetyB.therealsourceofroaddangerC.measurestopunishroadoffencesD.increasedawarenessofroadrulesBTheLifecycleofaT-shirtWeallprobablyhavealotofT-shirts,butdoyoueverstopandthinkabouttheinfluenceofaT-shirtontheplanet?You'dprobablybesurprisedtolearnwhat'sinvolvedinthelifecycleofjustoneT-shirt.Thereare5majorstages：material,production,shipping,useanddisposal(处理).Thematerialstageinvolvesfarming,irrigating,fertilizing,harvestingandginning.Whilecottonisanaturalfiber(纤维)andnotasharmfultotheenvironmentasman-madefibers,itstilltakesatollinthematerialandproductionstages.Commercialcottonfarmingusesalargeamountofwater,andtheuseofpesticides(杀虫剂)iswidespreadacrosstheglobe,especiallyincottonfarming.Studieshaveshownthatfarmersspendaround$4.1billiononpesticidesannually,ofwhich25%wasspentoncottoncropsintheUS.Oncethecottonisgrownandharvested,sobeginstheproductionstage:spinning,knitting,bleaching,dyeing,cutting,sewing,etc.—theseprocessesalsouseagreatdealofwaterandenergy.Commercialdyesandbleachesareharmfulpollutants,andcaneventuallypollutegroundwater.AftertheT-shirtisproduced,itentersthetransportationstag.Thisofteninvolvesoverseasshipping.Takealookinyourcloset.Chancesarethatmostofyourcottongarments(衣服)aremadeinChinaorIndia.Garmentscanbeshippedviaplane,shiportruck,allofwhichspillCO2intotheatmosphere.CalculationsshowthatCO2emissionsfromlighttrucksaloneamountto1.15poundspermile.OnceT-shirtreachestheretailmarket,itispurchased.Thisstagemayseemliketheleastenvironmentallydamagingpart.Butconsiderthenumberoftimesyou'vewashedanddriedyourfavoriteT-shirt.Washingmachinesarecertainlybecomingmoreefficient.However,theaverageAmericanhouseholddoes400loadsoflaundryperyear,usingabout40gallonsofwaterperload.Suchexcessivewateruseiscombinedwiththelargeamountofenergyusedbydryers.Thefinalstageoflifeisdisposal.Thisreleaseharmfulemissions,orinvolvesalandfillwherecottontakesyearstobreakdown.CurrentUSrecordsshowthatanestimated15%ofclothesandshoesarerecycled,whichmeansthatconsumerssendashocking85%ofthesematerialstolandfills.Weallneednewclotheseveryonceinawhile,butlet'salltrytokeepinmindwhatgoesintotheproductionofclothing.Ithasarealimpactontheplanet.Therearealotofthingsandyoucandotohelpreduceyourimpact.Reuseandrecycledclothes.Ifthey'retoo
4wornouttowear,cutthemupandusethemascleaningrags.Donatethemtocharityoranotherorganizationthatrecyclestextiles.Whenpossible,makeanefforttobuyorganiccotton.Turndownthethermostat(恒温器)onyourwasher,andlinedryyourclotheswhentheweatherwillallowit.37.Theunderlinedphrase“takesatoll”probablymeans“___________”.A.usesenergyB.wasteswaterC.hasabadeffectD.takesalotoftime38.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.Theusestageistheleastenvironmentallyharmfulofthefivestages.B.Cottonclothesareburiedbecausetheyarehardtobreakdown.C.TheclothingcostisrelativelylowinChinaandIndia.DTheproductionprocessmayaffectwatersafety.39.Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Tointroducethefivestagesinthelifecycleofclothing.B.Topersuadepeopletopurchasemoreorganiccotton.C.Topromoteeco-friendlyactionsrelatedtoclothes.D.Toencouragepeopletodonateclothestocharity.CEudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls(缺失）inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:happiness.Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives，itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmanychallengingbutworthwhilesituations.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable(易怒的）mood.Thisisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsuffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus,provoke(激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-freeexistence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmore
5importantthansmileallthetime:we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.40.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassage?A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.41.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness.A.istheoppositeoffulfillmentB.isfreefromphysicalormentalpainC.stressesthepsychologicaldifferenceD.servesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blamingB.goalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappinessC.challengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertakingD.feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituations43Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.A.findfulfillmentwithalleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistenceC.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Failureisprobablythemostexhaustingexperienceapersoneverhas.Thereisnothingmoretiringthannotsucceeding._____44_____Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoffataskbecauseitwaseithertooboringortoodifficult.Andthelongerwedelayit,themoretiredwefeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnotactuallyphysical,notsomethinginourmusclesandbones._____45_____Yearsago,Iwasaskedtowrite102essaysonthegreatideasofsomefamousauthors.Applyingmyownrule,Ideterminedtowritethemalphabetically,neverlettingmyselfleaveoutatoughidea.AndIalwaysstartedtheday'sworkwiththedifficulttaskofessay-writing.Theexperienceprovedthattheruleworks._____46_____Thoughwillingtogetstarted,wecannotseemtodothejobright.Itsdifficultiesappearsogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.Insuchasituation,IworkashardasIcan--thenlettheunconscious(无意识的)takeover.WhenplanningEncyclopaediaBritannica,Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.___47___butnoneofthemworked.Myfatiguebecamealmostunbearable.Oneday,mentallyexhausted,Iwrotedownallthereasonswhythisproblemcouldnotbesolved.Itriedtoconvincemyselfthatthetroublewaswiththeproblemitself,notwithme.Relieved,Isatbackinaneasychairandfellasleep.Anhourlater,Iwokeupsuddenlywiththesolutionclearlyinmind._____48_____ThoughIworkedashard
6asbefore,Ifeltnofatigue.Successwasnowasexcitingasfailurehadbeendepressing.Humanbeings,Ibelievemusttrytosucceed.Success,then,meansneverfeelingtired.A.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.B.Wedoeverythingwecantogetourselvesoutofthisgloomysituation.C.Weexperiencethistirednessintwoways:start-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.D.Nothinglikethishadeverbeendonebefore,anddayafterdayIkeptcomingupwithsolutions.E.Thesolutionisobviousthough-perhapsnoteasytoapply:alwayshandlethemostdifficultjobfirst.F.What'smore,makinguseofyourunconsciousnesswiselyalsoproveseffectiveintacklingdifficulttasks.G.Intheweeksthatfollowed,thesolutionwhichhadcomeupinmyunconsciousmindprovedcorrectateverystep.第三部分：书面表达（共三节，27分）第一节（共4小题：第50、51小题各2分，第52小题3分，第53小题5分：共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。GoodTasteofKnowledgeTheaimofeducationorcultureismerelythedevelopmentofgoodtasteinknowledgeandgoodforminconduct.Theculturedmanortheidealeducatedmanisnotnecessarilyonewhoiswell-readorlearned,butonewholikesanddislikestherightthings.Toknowwhattoloveandwhattohateistohavetasteinknowledge.Nothingismoreannoyingthantomeetapersonatapartywhosemindiscrammed(填塞)fullwithhistoricaldatesandfiguresandwhoisextremelywell-postedoncurrentinternationalaffairs,butwhoseattitudesorpointsofviewareallwrong.Ihavemetsuchpeople.Theydohavegreatacademicknowledge,butnogoodjudgmentortaste.Beingknowledgeableisamerematterofthecrammingoffactsorinformationwhilehavinggoodtasteisamatterofartisticjudgment.Inspeakingofascholar,theChinesegenerallydistinguishbetweentheirscholarship(学术成就),conductandtaste..Aneducatedman,therefore,isonewhohastherightlovesandhatreds.Thiswecalltaste,andwithtastecomescharm.Now,tohavetasterequiresacapacityforthinkingthingsthroughtothebottom,theindependenceofjudgment,andtheunwillingnesstobeaffectedbyanyformofpower.Whenamaniswrong,heiswrong,andthereisnoneedforonetobeimpressedbyagreatnameorbythenumberofbooksthathehasreadandwehaven't.Taste,then.iscloselyassociatedwithcourage.astheChinesealwaysassociateddan(“胆”)withshi(“识”)Andcourageorindependenceofjudgment,asweknow,issuchararevirtueamonghumankind.Weseethisintellectualcourageorindependenceduringthechildhoodofallthinkersandwriterswhoinlaterlifeamounttoanything.Suchapersonrefusestobeimpressedbyaphilosophicvogueorafashionabletheory,eventhoughitisbackedbythegreatestname.thisistasteinknowledge.Nodoubtsuchintellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentrequiresacertainchildish.naveconfidenceinoneself,butthisselfistheonlythingthatonecanclingto.andthemomentastudentgivesup-hisrightofpersonaljudgment,heismforacceptingallthedishonestandinsincereoflife.49.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofeducation?____________________________________________________________________________________________
750.Whyisawell-readmannotnecessarilyaneducatedone?____________________________________________________________________________________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement:Intellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself;thenunderlineitandexplainwhyIntellectualcourageorindependenceofjudgmentbuildsconfidenceinoneself.____________________________________________________________________________________________52.PleasenameonepersonwiththequalitiesofdanandshiinChinesehistoryandexplainwhataboutthispersonmakesyouthinkso.(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________第二节53.Recentlytherehavebeenincreasingreportsonthefactthatalotofgraduateswithshinyeducationalbackgroundsareapplyingforthegrassroots(positions.AndthereisanEnglishsaying“abigfishinasmallpond”todescribethephenomenon.Whatisyouropiniononthis?Pleasewritea“for”and“against”essayonthistopic(Youshoulddiscussbothsidesoftheissueandthengiveyourownopinion)。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
