2023届高三英语名校新题专题03（阅读理解之说明文） 期中考试专辑 原卷版

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2023届高三英语名校新题快递—11月期中考试专辑专题03阅读理解之说明文原卷版北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles—socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants’reproductiveprocesses,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators(授粉昆虫).Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀释的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough“Scent”isastoryofplants’cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume”thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance–makingisdominatedbyman–madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld–famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.

1D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.D.Man–madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPreyB.SmartnessbehindFragranceC.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMakeD.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试Dogsmayappeartohaveselectivehearingwhenitcomestoordersbutresearchsuggeststheyarepayingattentiontohumanchitchat.Researchers,whoarrangedforheadphone-wearingdogstolistentoexcerpts(节录)fromthenovelTheLittlePrince,revealedtheirbrainscantellthedifferencesbetweenspeechandnon-speechwhenlisteningtohumanvoices,andshowdifferentresponsestospeechinanunfamiliarlanguage.Theresearchinvolved18dogsofvariousagesandbreeds(品种)thatweretrainedtolieinanMRIscannerwithheadphoneson.TheywerethenplayedrecordingseitherofhumansreadingexcerptsfromTheLittlePrinceorthosesamerecordingscutupintosmallpiecesandputbacktogetherinadifferentordersoitsoundedunnatural.Theresults,publishedinthejournalNeuroImage,revealedthedogs’brainsshowedadifferentactivitypatternintheprimaryauditorycortex(听觉皮层)forspeechcomparedwithnon-speech,withthefindingssimilarregardlessofwhetherthelanguageused—HungarianorSpanish—wasfamiliar.Curiously,thelongerthedogs’headswere,thebettertheirbrainscoulddistinguishspeechfromnon-speech.Theteamalsofoundtheactivitypatternwasstrongerfornon-speech.Inhumans,wetypicallyseestrongerresponsetospeech.Theresearchalsorevealedfamiliarandunfamiliarlanguagesgaverisetodifferentresponsesinthesecondaryauditorycortex—butonlyforspeech.Thatwasimportant,saidAndics,seniorauthorofthestudyatLorándUniversityinHungary,asitsuggestedtheabilitytodistinguishbetweenlanguageswasnotsimplydowntothespeakersbeingdifferent.

2Instead,theteamsaid,thedifferencesseenbetweenlanguagesforspeechareprobablydowntoexposuretothefamiliarlanguageandasensitivitytolanguage-specificregularities.“Thisisalsosupportedbytheobservationthatolderdogsshowthestrongerdiscriminationbetweenthetwolanguages,”saidAndics.8.What’sthefunctionofParagraph1?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Tointroducethesubject.C.Toprovidethebackground.D.Toproposeadefinition.9.What’sParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theprocessoftheresearch.B.Thepurposeoftheresearch.C.Thesubjectoftheresearch.D.Theoutcomeoftheresearch.10.Onwhatbasisdidtheresearchersgettheirfindings?A.Howoldandwhatbreedsthedogsare.B.Howmanytimesthedogsreadthebook.C.Howdogs’brainsreacttodifferentspeeches.D.Howdogsgetfamiliarwiththelanguagesused.11.Whycouldolderdogshavestrongerdiscrimination?A.Theyhavemetmoredifferentspeakers.B.Theyhavebeenexposedtostrictertraining.C.Theypossessabettersenseofcommitment.D.Theysharethespeakers’environmentlonger.【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】Electronicswoven(编织)intofabricspromisetoopenupallkindsofinterestingpossibilities,fromclothingthatmonitorsmuscleactivityandtracksbreathing,togarmentsthatcantalktooneanother.Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequallyimportantfieldofresearch,soscientistsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwardaparticularlyimpressivesolutionthattheysaycouldbethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchableandwashable.Todevelopabatterywithsuchcapabilities,thescientistsreimaginedthewaythesedevicesareputtogether.Ratherthanformingalithium-ionbatterypackedwithhardenedmaterialsinsidearigidexterior,theteamturnedtoanalternativechemistryinzinc-manganese(锌锰)dioxide,whichisappealingforitslowcostandsafety.Thesematerialsweregrounddownintotinypiecesandinsetinapolymer(聚合物)toformverythinandstretchablelayers.“Wewentwithzinc-manganesebecausefordeviceswornnexttotheskin,it’sasaferchemistrythanlithium-ionbatteries,whichcanproducedeadlycompoundswhentheybreak,”saysNguyen.Theresultingbatteryisflexibleandcanbestretchedtotwiceitsnormallength,hasaspecific

3capacityof160mAhg-1andkeeps75percentofitscapacityover500chargeanddischargecycles.Impressively,theteamfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcyclessofar.Theteamisnowworkingtoimprovethepoweroutputandlifetimeofthebattery,andsaysthecreationhasalreadyattractedcommercialinterest,withthecostexpectedtobesimilartoastandardrechargeablebattery.Theyimagineitbeingputtouseinwatchesandpatchesthatmeasurevitalsigns,andinsmartclothingthatdoesmuchthesamething.8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“pliable”inparagraph1?A.Strong.B.Multiple.C.Reliable.D.Flexible.9.Whatwasamajorconsiderationforintroducingzinc—manganesebattery?A.Safety.B.Hardness.C.Comfortableness.D.Convenience.10.Whichaspectofthenewbatteryimpressedtheresearchersinparagraph4?A.Itswashability.B.Itsstretchlength.C.Itsmassivecapacity.D.Itschargespeed.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Electronicclothingiswellreceived.B.Clothingfittedwithnewbatteryisontheway.C.Clothing-friendlybatterycanbeputthroughwash.D.Electronicswovenintofabricsopenuppossibilities.【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】Thoughresearchershavelongknownthatadultsbuildunconscious(无意识的)preferencesoveralifetimeofmakingchoicesbetweenthingsthatareessentiallythesame,thenewfindingthatevenbabiesengageinthisphenomenondemonstratesthatthiswayofjustifyingchoiceisintuitive(凭直觉的)andsomehowfundamentaltothehumanexperience.“Theactofmakingachoicechangeshowwefeelaboutouroptions,”saidAlexSilver,aJohnsHopkinsresearcher.“Eveninfantswhoarereallyjustatthestartofmakingchoicesforthemselveshavethispreference.”ThefindingsarepublishedtodayinthejournalPsychologicalScience.Peopleassumetheychoosethingsthattheylike.Butresearchsuggeststhat’ssometimesbackwards:welikethingsbecausewechoosethem.And,wedislikethingsthatwedon’tchoose.“Adultsmaketheseinferencesunconsciously,”saidco-authorLisaFeigenson,aJohnsHopkinsscientistinchilddevelopment.“Wejustifyourchoiceafterthefact.”Thismakessenseforadultsinaconsumerculturewhomustmakerandomchoiceseveryday,betweeneverythingfromtoothpastebrandstostylesofjeans.Thequestionwaswhenexactlypeople

4startdoingthis.Sotheyturnedtobabies,whodon’tgetmanychoicesso,asFeigensonputsit,are“aperfectwindowintotheoriginofthistendency.”Theteambrought10-to20-month-oldbabiesintothelabandgavethemachoiceofobjectstoplaywith;twoequallybrightandcolorfulsoftblocks.Theysetthemfarapart,sothebabieshadtocrawltooneortheother—arandomchoice.Afterthebabychoseoneofthetoys,theresearcherstookitawayandcamebackwithanewoption.Thebabiescouldthenpickfromthetoytheydidn’tplaywiththefirsttime,orabrandnewtoy.Theirchoicesshowedthey“dis-prefertheunchosenobject.”Tocontinuestudyingtheevolutionofchoiceinbabies,thelabwillnextlookattheideaof“choiceoverload.”Foradults,choiceisgood,buttoomanychoicescanbeaproblem,sothelabwilltrytodetermineifthatisalsotrueforbabies.12.Whatispeople’sassumptionabouttheactofmakingchoices?A.Theylikewhattheychoose.B.Theychoosewhattheylike.C.Theybasechoicesonthefact.D.Theymakechoicesthoughtfully.13.Whywerebabiesselectedassubjectsforthestudy?A.Tohelpthemmakebetterchoices.B.Toguidethemtoperceivetheworld.C.Totracktherootofmakingrandomchoices.D.Todeepentheunderstandingofaconsumerculture.14.Whatdoesthestudyonthebabiesshow?A.Theylikenovelobjects.B.Theirchoicesaremostlybasedoncolors.C.Theirrandomchoicesbecomepreferences.D.Theyareunabletomakechoicesforthemselves.15.Whatwillthefollowingstudyfocuson?A.Thelawof“choiceoverload”.B.Theproblemofadults’manychoices.C.Whytoomanychoicescaninfluenceadults.D.Whetherbabiesaretroubledwithmanychoices.江苏省连云港市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研AsMarkMeekan,atropicalfishbiologistattheAustralianInstituteofMarineScienceinPerth,spottedagiantshadowyfiguremovingintheIndianOcean,hewasdivingtotakesamplesofawhale

5shark’sskin.Thesharks,averagingaround12meterslong,spendmostoftheirlivesinthedeepoceanwheretheyarehardtoobserve,soanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoftheirtissuescanhelpscientistslearnmoreabouttheirbiologyandbehavior,includingwhattheyeat.TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,longthoughttobestrictmeateaters,alsoeatanddigestalgae(海藻).Thefindingsaddtoevidencethatwhalesharksintentionallyeatplants,potentiallymakingthemthelargestomnivoresonEarth.Althoughalgaehasturnedupinthestomachsofbeachedwhalesharksbefore,“everyonethoughtitwasjustaccidentalingestion(摄取),”Meekansays.Tofindoutifthatassumptionheldup,Meekan’steamtooktissuesamplesfrom17whalesharksfeedingoffthecoastofWesternAustraliafrom2015to2017.Whalesharks’skinwasrichinarachidonicacid(花生四烯酸)thatisfoundinbrownalgae,theanalysisshowed.Thenewworksupportspreviousresearchbyadifferentgroupthatfoundalgae-relatednutrientsintheskinofwhalesharksnearJapan.Together,thefindingssuggestthatdigestinggreensiscommonpracticeforwhalesharks.Butthatdoesn’tmeanwhalesharksaretrueomnivores,sayssharkbiologistRobertHueter.“Thisisabitlikesayingthatcowsareomnivoresbecausetheyeatinsectswhilefeedingongrass.”Meekanadmitsthatheisn’tsurewhetherwhalesharksseekoutalgae,buttheamounttheyeatisn’tincidental(附带的).“Theirtissuesholdaremarkablerecordofwhatthey’vebeenupto,”hesays.“We’renowlearninghowtoreadthislibrary.”28.WhydidMarkMeekantakesamplesofwhalesharks’skin?A.Toobservethelivingconditionsofsealife.B.Todiscovertheeatinghabitsofwhalesharks.C.Toexplorethebiologyandbehaviorofsealife.D.Toanalyzethefunctionofwhalesharks’tissues.29.WhatcanwelearnaboutMarkMeekan’sfindings?A.It’scommonforwhalesharkstotakeinalgae.B.It’sthefirsttimetofindwhalesharkseatgreens.C.Thereisabundantarachidonicacidinbrownalgae.D.Therearealgae-relatednutrientsinwhalesharks’skin.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“omnivores”inparagraph3mean?A.Meateaters.B.Animalslivinginthedeepocean.C.Livingcreatures.D.Animalsfeedingonmeatandgreens.31.WhatmessagedoesMarkMeekanconveyinthelastparagraph?A.He’llfindoutwhetherwhalesharkseatplants.

6B.He’llrecordwhatwhalesharkshavebeenupto.C.He’llfigureoutwhywhalesharksdigestgreens.D.He’llreadmoreaboutwhalesharksinthelibrary.辽宁省沈阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试Societytellsusweshouldsocialisetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.Butthere’ssomethingtobesaidforsolitude(独处),“Beingalonedoesn’tnecessarilymeanbeinglonely”.Infact,spendingtimebyyourselfisanessentialelementofself-care.Aroundtheglobedifferentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.TheUnitedStatesisn’ttheonlyplacewhereyou’llfindaheavyemphasisonsocialtime.AcrosstheAtlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextroverted(外向型的)country.AsurveyofBritsfoundthatmorethanhalfhadneverdoneandwouldbeunwillingtodoactivitieslikegoingtothemeparksorseeinglivemusicalone.MostBritsspendalmosttwiceasmuchoftheirleisuretimesocialisingwithothersastheydobeingalone.Thehomecanbeaplaceofrest,relaxationandrecharge—thatis,ifyoulivebyyourselforhavethespacetobealoneinyourhome.ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsoflifearerelatedtocommunity.Thus,spendingtimealoneisn’tasingrained(根深蒂固的)asasocialconventioninplaceslikethese,andthegoodofthegrouptakespriorityovertheneedsofoneperson.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Peoplecanbenefitmorefromsolitude.B.Peopletendtosocialisemorenowadays.C.Beingalonegenerallyequalsbeinglonely.D.Beingaloneenablespeopletobecarefree.13.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesyoungAmericans?A.Imaginativeandwild.B.Responsibleandenergetic.

7C.Optimisticanddutiful.D.Outgoingandsociable.14.WhyaremostChinesepeoplemorelikelytolivetogether?A.Becausetheyshareaspecificculture.B.Becausetheylacksomelocalcustoms.C.Becausetheypossessenoughhomespace.D.Becausetheygiveprioritytotheirownneeds.15.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEssenceofSelf-careB.EnjoySolitude,EnjoyYourselfC.TheFunctionsofDifferentCulturesD.ThePerspectivesonSolitude江苏省无锡市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试Itseemsthateveryweekwefindoutsomeonebrokeintoabigcompany’sdatabases—liketherecentEquifaxdatabreach(违规)—andmadeoffwithmillionsofcreditcardnumbers,passwordsandothervaluableinformation.Andnowanewkindofworry:someonecouldseizecontrolofyourwirelesshomenetworkandstealyourinformationfromunderyournose.That’sthepossibilityraisedbyacoupleofcybersecurityresearchersfromtheCatholicUniversityofLeuveninBelgium.Theproblem,theysay,isaweaknessintheveryprotocolmeanttomakewi-fisecure.ThatprotocoliscalledWi-FiProtectedAccessII,WPA2.AndWPA2’sweaknesscouldallowanattackerwithinphysicalrangeofyourwi-finetworktomakeacopyofthatnetworkthattheycouldthencontrol.Theresearcherscalltheirapproachakeyreinstallationattack,orKRACK.It’simportanttoknowthataKRACKattackremainsapossibilityfornow.Thescientistsrealizedthethreatwhileinvestigatingwirelesssecurity.They’llpresentthisresearchonNovember1stattheComputerandCommunicationsSecurity(CCS)conferenceinDallasandinDecemberattheBlackHatEuropeconferenceinLondon.IntheirKRACKassumption,wirelessdeviceswouldbefooledintoconnectingtothefalsenetwork.Andtheattackerwouldbeabletoaccessalloftheinformationthatdevicessendandreceivewhileconnectedtothatnetwork—evonifthatinformationhasbeencoded.AndroidandLinuxwouldbeespeciallyeasytoattackbecauseofhowtheirencryptionkeys(密钥)areconfigured(设定).Onemeasureofprotectionagainstsuchanattackwouldbetomakesuretheyyou’veinstalled(安装)themostup-to-dateversionsofyourapps,browsersandwirelessroutersoftware.Updatedsoftwareismostlikelytoincludethesecuritypatches(补丁)neededtoavoidfallingvictimtoaKRACKattack,becausechancesarethatKRACKwon’tremainsimplyaproof-of-conceptforlong.4.WhatarehomeInternetusersconcernedaboutnow?A.TheirInternetmaybedisconnected.B.Theircreditcardsmightbeinaccessible.

8C.Theirhomenetworkmightbedestroyed.D.Theirpersonalinformationmightbestolen.5.HowcantheattackertakeadvantageoftheWPA2’sweakness?A.Byinstallingakey.B.Byapproachingphysicalrange.C.Bycopyingandcontrollingthenetwork.D.BycontrollingtheInternetusers.6.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Thefalsenetworkcontributeslittletosuchattack.B.Ifcoded,theinformationwillbefreefromdanger.C.Androidiseasytoattackforlackofencryptionkeys.D.Alloftheinformationmightbeaccessibletotheattacker.7.WhatcanpeopledotoprotectagainstKRACKattack?A.Purchasethebest-qualityapps.B.KeeptheproofofKRACKlong.C.Ignorethepatchesofthecomputers.D.Installthelatestrelevantsoftware.四川省绵阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次诊断OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.The57-year-oldMarylandresidenthadbeenhospitalizedformonthsduetoalifethreateningdisease.Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.Bennett＇sconditionlefthimunresponsivetotreatmentandineligible（不合格）forthetransplantlistoranartificialheartpump.Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however，hadanother-alsorisky-option：transplant（移植）aheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant,”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.“Iwanttolive.Iknowit'sashotinthedark,butit’salsomylastchoice.”Ittookthemedicalteameighthourstofinishtheoperation,makingBennettthefirsthumantosuccessfullyreceiveapig'sheart.“It'sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon'tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore,”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Whileit'sonlybeenfivedayssincetheoperation,thesurgeonssaythatBennett'snewpigheartwas,sofar,functioningasexpectedandhisbodywasn'trejecting（排斥）theorgan.Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.“Ithinkit'sextremelyexciting,”saysRobertMontgomery,transplantsurgeonanddirectoroftheNYULangoneTransplantInstitute,whowasnotinvolvedinBennett'soperation.TheresultoftheprocedurewasalsopersonallymeaningfulforMontgomery,whoreceivedahearttransplantin

92018duetoageneticdiseasethatmayalsoaffectmembersofhisfamilyinthefuture.“It'sstillintheearlydays,butstilltheheartseemstobefunctioning.Andthatinandofitselfisanextraordinarything.Uptonowmostexperimentalhearttransplantprocedureshavebeendonebetweenpigsandotheranimals.Thisisthefirsttimethatsurgeonshavetakenitintoalivinghuman.”32.Whatdothewords“ashotinthedark”underlinedinParagraph3mean?A.Somethingthatcostsafortune.B.Somethingimpossibletosucceed.C.Somethingdrawingpublicattention.D.Somethingwithanuncertainoutcome.33.WhatisBarkleyGriffith'sattitudetoBennett'spost-operationcondition?A.Negative.B.Cautious.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.34.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theheateddebateoverthepighearttransplant.B.DavidBennett'scontributiontomedicalresearch.C.Thefirstexperimentalpighearttransplantintheworld.D.Thefirstsuccessfulpighearttransplantintoalivinghuman.35.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.PoliticalAffairs.C.Sci-TechFront.B.GlobalEntertainment.D.FinancialWindow.湖南省顶级名校2023届高三上学期月考试卷Intheolddays,whenyouhadtodrivetoamovietheateror,toavideostoretogetsomeentertainment,itwaseasytoseehowyouractionscouldhaveanimpactontheenvironment.Youwerehoppingintoyourcar,drivingacrosstownandcoughingoutemissionsandusinggasalltheway.Butnowthatwe'reusedtostayingathomeandstreamingmovies,wemightgetalittlecocky.Afterall,wearejustpickingupourphonesormaybeturningontheTV.You’rewelcome.MotherNature.Notsofast,saysarecentreportfromtheFrench-basedShitProject.Watchingahalf-hour

10showwouldleadto3.5poundsofCO2emissions.That'slikedriving3.9miles.Accordingto"ClimateCrisis:TheUnsustainableUseofOnlineVideo”,digitaltechnologiesareresponsiblefor4%ofgreenhousegasemissions,andthatenergyuseisincreasingby9%ayear.Storedindatacenters,videosaretransferredtoourterminalssuchascomputers,smartphones,etc.vianetworks.AlltheseprocessesrequireelectricitywhoseproductionconsumesresourcesandusuallyinvolvesCO2:emissions.IntheEuropeanUnion,theEURECAprojectleadscientist,RabihBashroush,calculatedthat5billiondownloadsandstreamsofthesong"Despacito"consumedasmuchelectricityasthecountriesofChad,Guinca-Bissau,Somalia,SierraLeoneandtheCentralAfricanRepublicusedinasingleyear.Streamingisonlyexpectedtoincreaseaswebecomemoreattachedtoourdevices.Onlinevideouseisexpectedtoaccountfor80%ofallinternettrafficby2023accordingtoCISCO.Bythen,about60%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeonline.You'reprobablynotgoingtogiveupyourstreamingservices,buttherearethingsyoucandotohelplessentheimpactofyouronlineuse.Herearesometips:Disableautopaytorvideoonsocialmedia.StreamoverWi-Fi,notmobilenetworks.Watchonthesmallestscreenyoucan.Don’tusehigh-definition（高清晰度的）videoondevices.28.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2thatpeoplethinkA.theyshouldwelcomeMotherNatureB.watchingmoviesathomeismorefunC.itisinconvenienttodrivetoamovietheaterD.streamingathomeavoidspossibleemissions29.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.Driving3.9milesmayproduce3.5poundsofCO2.B.Digitaltechnologiesaccountfor4%ofelectricityuse.C.Onlinevideousemakesup80%ofallinternettraffic.D.60%oftheworld'spopulationwatchvideosonline.30.Whyarcthefivecountriesmentionedinparagraph4?A.Topraisetheirenergy-efficientpractice.B.Toprovethepovertyofthefivecountries.C.Tostressthepopularityofthesong“Despacito".D.Toshowthehighenergyuseofdownloadsandstreams.31.Howcanpeoplehelptosaveenergywhenstreaming?

11A.Byusinghigh-definitionvideo.B.Byturningoffvideoautopay.C.Bystreamingovermobilenetworks.D.Bywatchingmoviesonbiggerscreens.湖北省武汉市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中试题WomenwerelesslikelythanmentosupporttheVietnamwar,theGulfwar,ortheinvasionsofAfghanistanandIraq.Theycommitfarfewermurders.Theyarelesslikelytofavorstrikes.Forsomescholars,thesearegroundsforthinkingthataworldrunbywomenwouldbemorepeaceful.ButEuropeanhistorysuggestsotherwise,accordingtopoliticalscientistsOeindrilaDubeandS.P.Harish.TheystudiedhowoftenEuropeanrulerswenttowarbetween1480and1913,andfoundthatstatesruledbyqueenswere27%morelikelytogetinvolvedinwarsthanthoseruledbykings.Thiswasnotallthequeens’fault:men,seeingthemassofttargets,tendedtoattackthem.FredericktheGreatofPrussiaoncedeclared:”Nowomanshouldeverbeallowedtogovernanything.“Shortlyafterbecomingking,heattackedthenewlycrownedArchduchessofAustria,MariaTheresa,andseizedSilesiaprovince.Despiteyearsofwar,sheneverrecoveredit.Butperceivedweaknessisnotthewholestory.Queens,theresearchersfound,weremorelikelytogainnewterritory.CatherinetheGreatexpandedherempirebysome200,000squaremiles.Andmarriedqueensweremoreaggressivethansinglequeensorkings,whethersingleormarried.Theauthorssuggestseveralreasonsforthis.First,marriedqueensmayhavebeenabletoformmoremilitaryalliances(联盟),makingthemconfidentenoughtopickfights.Theirhusbandshadoftenservedinthearmybeforetheymarried,andwerewellplacedtostrengthenmilitarytiesbetweentheirhomelandsandtheirwives’states.Secondunlikemostkings,queensoftengavetheirhusbandsalotofpower,puttingtheminchargeofforeignpolicyortheeconomy.Duringthe1740s,MariaTheresa’shusband,FrancisI,reformedtheAustrianeconomyandraisedmoneyforthearmedforceswhilehiswiferuledmuchofcentralEurope.PrinceAlbertwasQueenVictoria’smosttrustedadviser,shapingherforeignpolicyuntilhisdeathin1861.Thisdivisionoflabor,theauthorssuggest,freeduptimeforqueenstopursuemoreaggressivepolicies.Themodernera,too,haswitnessedfemaleleadersinwars:GoldaMeirandtheYomKippurwar,orMargaretThatcherandtheFalklands.Thenumberofcountriesledbywomenhasmorethandoubledsince2000,butthereisplentyofroomforimprovement:thecurrentlevelof15representslessthan10%ofthetotal.Aworldinwhichmorewomentookpowermightbemoreequal.Whether

12itwouldbemorepeacefulisadifferentquestion.12.Theunderlined“perceivedweakness”inparagraph4meansthat________.A.womenwerelesslikelytosupportwarsB.womencouldnotrecoverlostterritoryC.womencommitfarfewercrimesD.womenweresofttargets13.Whyweremarriedqueensmorelikelytogainnewterritory?A.Becausetheirmilitaryalliancespickedfightsforthem.B.Becausetheywereambitiousandaggressivebynature.C.Becausetheirhusbandsweresupportiveinstategoverning.D.Becausetheycentralizedallpowerintotheirownhands.14.Whatisthepurposeofmentioningthetwofemaleleadersinthelastparagraph?A.Toimplythereisroomforimprovementingenderequality.B.Toindicatemorefemalesbecomeleadersinmoderntimes.C.Toillustratefemaleleaderscannotpreventwarsinmoderntimes.D.Tosuggestfemaleleadershavetheirshareofwarsinmoderntimes.15.Accordingtothepassage,wecansafelyconcludethat________.A.marriedwomenarenotfittogoverntheirstatesontheirownB.femaleleadersshouldberesponsibleforallwarsthroughouthistoryC.theworldwouldn’tbemorepeacefulevenifmorewomentookpowerD.thedivisionoflaborallowsqueenstosurviveeconomiccrisis湖北省八市重点中学202222023学年高三上学期10月联考Theregoestheproverb,“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.”Ithasbeenproventhatearlybirdreallydoescatchtheworm,buthesavesitfordinner.TheOxfordUniversityresearchersbelievethestrategyallowsthemtostockuponfoodwhileithelpsavoidfallingthevictimstopredators(捕食者).Afullbellyinthemorningwouldslowthemdowninthehuntforfoodandmakethemeasyprey.Sotheysearchoutfoodwhentheyareleanandlightandthendineintheeveningtoensuretheyhaveabigenoughstoreoffattosurvivethenight.The“earlybird”strategywasrevealedinanexperimentinwhichover2,000birdswerefittedwithtinyradiotagswhichactivatedwhentheylandedonfeedershiddeninWythamWoods,nearOxford.Thefeedersweremovedaroundoverthecourseofthedayandtheresearchersnotedwhenthebirdslandedonthem.“Ourresultsshowthesebirdsdisplayverydifferentpatternsoffooddiscoveryinthemorningandafternoon;veryfewnew

13foodsourceswerefoundduringtheafternoon,whereasnearlyeverynewfoodsourceweputoutduringthemorningwasquicklydiscovered.”Thisrevealedthatthebirdsweremuchbetteratfindingthefeedersnewlocationsinthemorning.However,theywaiteduntiltheeveningtofeastontheworms.Theresearcherssaidthecomplexstrategyactsasaninsurancepolicy,withbirdsremaininglightyetstillabletogetenoughfattosurvivethenight.Itisparticularlyimportantinwinterwhentherisksofpredationarehighandjustonedaywithoutfoodcanmakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforsmallbirds.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“stockupon”inParagraph1mean?A.storeup.B.disposeof.C.throwaway.D.eatanddigest.29.Howdidtheresearchersconducttheexperiment?A.Bycomparingthedatacollected.B.Byreferringtothepreviousresearchpapers.C.Byconductingarandomsurveyinthewoods.D.Byobservingthebirds’habitsofcatchingworms.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Birdshaveabetterappetiteinthemorning.B.Birdsprefertohuntforfoodinthemorning.C.Birdswon’thuntforfoodunlesstheyarehungry.D.Birdshuntasfrequentlyinthemorningasintheafternoon.31.Whydobirdsadoptauniqueandcomplexeatinghabit?A.Becauseitcanhelpthemcopewithfoodshortage.B.Becausetheydothisforsecurityreasonsinasense.C.Becausetheycan’teatupallthefoodtheyhavecaught.D.Becausetherearemorewormsavailableinthemorning.福建省三明市教研联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考Callingvegetablesandfruits“ugly”canbearecipeforsalessuccess,accordingtoanewstudy.AFrenchsupermarketchainmadeinternationalheadlineswhenitbeganmarketingmisshapenproduceas“ugly”in2014.Sincethen,foodstoresaroundtheworldhavelaunchedcampaignstosell“imperfectproduce”.Somehavebeensuccessful,whileothershaven’t—butuntilnow,researchershadn’tadequatelyexplainedwhyconsumersrejectedimperfectproduce,orwhatmarketingapproachwasmostlikelytowhettheirappetites.Theresearchersconductedsevenstudiesthattestedtheeffectsof“ugly”labelingbyhavingparticipantspurchaseproduceatafarmer’smarketandonline,andbyexaminingpeople’s

14impressionsaboutmisshapenfoods.Interestingly,theyfoundthatconsumersexpectedtheimperfectproducetobelesstastyandevenlessnutritiousthanmoretraditionallyattractivefoods.Butit’snotallbadnewsforunattractivefoods.Theresearchersalsofoundthatwhentheproduceislabeled“ugly”,consumerhesitancydisappears—andit’snotbecauseofhumorororiginality.Callingitems“ugly”signalstoconsumersthattheonlydifferencebetweenitemsisappearance,whichmakesthemawareoftheirbias(偏见)andsignificantlyincreasestheirwillingnesstobuythelessattractiveproduce.“We’repointingtothesourceoftherejection,”explainsJohnMeredith,theleadresearcher.“Itmakespeopleawareofthelimitednatureoftheirobjectiontotheunattractiveproduceandmakesitcleartoconsumersthattherearenootherproblemsintheproduceotherthanattractiveness.”Theresearchalsofoundconsumersspentmoreonthemisshapenproducelabeled“ugly”insteadof“imperfect”.Andeventhoughtheuglyproducewassoldata25percentdiscount,itturnedouttobemoreprofitableforsellers,asthecostofacquiringtheuglyproducewaslower.However,ifthepricereductionwastoosharp,participantsexpectedthe“ugly”foodstobeoflowquality.8.Whatisthenewstudymainlyabout?A.Foodquality.B.Consumerdemand.C.Marketingapproach.D.Biasagainstappearance.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“whettheirappetites”inparagraph2referto?A.Satisfytheirneedtoeatbetter.B.Stimulatetheirdesireofbuying.C.Encouragethemtorisktryingout.D.Raisetheirconcernsaboutnutrition.10.Whyarepeoplewillingtobuyugly-labeledproducewithouthesitation?A.Theyarehappytospendlessandhavemore.B.Theyarecuriousaboutthespecialshapesofproduce.C.Theyareattractedbythefunnyandcreativeideaoflabeling.D.Theyareledtobelieveuglyproducehasnoqualityproblems.11.Whichwayhelpsfoodsellersmakemoreprofitaccordingtothestudy?A.Calltheuglyproduce“ugly”.B.Labeltheuglyproduce“imperfect”.C.Grouptheproducebyitsattractiveness.D.Pricetheuglyproduceatasharpdiscount.天津市五校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中联考Ten-year-oldSterling,astudentatStorkElementaryinAltaLoma,California,sayshewouldseegrown-upsignoringthestopsignnearhisschoolbusstopallthetime.Sterlingandhismomwereconcernedthatthedriverswouldgetintocrashes.Soheandhismomdecidedtogathersomestatisticstoshowthatstop-signrunningattheintersection(十字路口)nearhis

15schoolbusstopwasreallyaproblem.Theymadetheirplantogooutandstartcountingcarsthatstoppedandcarsthatdidn’tstop.Astheirresearchwenton,theyfoundtheresultswereamazing.Duringthesevendaystheyspentwatchingcarsgothroughtheintersection,theyfoundthatonlyoneoutofeverythreecarsactuallystoppedatthestopsign.Thatmeanstwooutofeverythreecarsdidnotstop.“Whatifthereisakidwhohastocrossthestreetatthatintersection,notknowingifthedriveriscomingtowardhim?”SterlingandhismomThought.Sotheydecidedtogivethestatisticsintothepolicedepartment.Andthatwaswhattheydid.JohnMcMahon,governorofSanBernardinoCountySheriff,foundoutabouttheirtrafficstudy,andhewasdeeplyimpressed.“IamnotsurewhetherIhaveeverseensuchastudyofthisdepthcomingfromanelementaryschoolstudent,”hesaid.“PolicearekeepingamuchclosereyeontheintersectionsoIthinkitisnowamuchsaferintersection—andclearly,amuchsaferbusstopthanitusedtobe.”OnFebruary19,McMahonsurprisedSterlingathisschoolandgavehimaspecialawardforhistrafficstudy.“It’snoteverydaythatwegettorecognizeastudentforgoingaboveandbeyondanddoingunbelievablethingforhiscommunity”McMahonsaid.ForSterling,it’snotjustaboutprotectinghimselffromgettinghurtinacarcrash.It’saboutprotectingotherkids,too.“Maybewecoulddosomethingtostopthosecrashes,andsavesomelives,”Sterlingsaid.41.HowdidSterlingfeelwhenhesawadultsignoringthestopsign?A.Angry.B.Worried.C.SurprisedD.Frightened.42.WhatdidSterlingandhismotherfindaftertheyobservedforaweek?A.Aboutathirdofcarsdidn’tstopatthecrossroads.B.Mostofthedriversdidn’tobeythetrafficrules.C.Policemendidn’tremindthedriverstostopatthetrafficlight.D.Kidsalwaysfounditdifficulttocrossthestreetatthecrossroads.43.WhydidSterlinghandhisresultofresearchintothepolice?A.Toshowthemanamazingresult.BToshowtheimportanceofhisresearch.C.Toturntothemforhelp.D.Toasktobuildatrafficlightthere.44.WhatcanweknowfromwhatJohnMcMahonsaid?A.Studentsdon’talwayshavedeepthoughtsofsociety.B.PolicemenwerenotresponsiblebeforeSterling’sstudy.C.Heexpectedmorestudentstohelpbuildtheircommunity.D.Sterling’scontributiontohiscommunityhasbeenaccepted.

1645.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Sterlingmadeadifferencebydoinglittlethings.B.Sterlingdecidestodevotehimselftostoppingthecrashes.C.Sterlingfeltproudofhimselfwhenmentioninghisresearch.D.Sterlingdidhisstudytomakeotherscareaboutthetrafficsafety