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新东方考研十篇必背作文下载［新东方考研经典作文必背十篇，希望对大家有所帮助！同时也祝愿所有的考研朋友们心想事成！］新东方10大功能段落一第一段：［1.现象/现状说明段］［2.图画/图表描述段］第二段：［3.对立观点陈诉段］（四，六级多用）［4.利弊说明段］［5.意义阐述段］［6.原因列军段］［7.举例段］第三段：［8.归纳结论段］［9.趋势预测段］［10建议措施段］（本次整理主要是根据新东方春季考研辅导班整理的，其中说明文只有三篇8,9,10书信，所以前七篇是重点，毕竟是20分啊！在以后的时间里，我也会把说明文10分的必背篇整理出来的，谢谢大家的支持.）

1第一部分图画作文（四篇）1.关于爱心（01年真题）Loveisalamp[1.现象/现状说明段]Loveisofutmostimportancetoushumans.Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgiveotherslove.Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,"loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces."Thisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanotherpeople.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlife.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrengthandcouragetohelpthemstepoutoftheirdifficulties.

2[7.举例段]Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthefollowingexample(s).Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehis(her)life.Again,whenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishschoolandchangeherlife.Inthesecase/circumstancesyouhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.[8.归纳结论段]Tosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoalltheneeded.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetoothers.Sowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don'thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim(her).I

3believethattherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandthatoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.1.空气污染（隐形杀手）[2.图画/图表描述段]Pollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Asisshowninthecartoon,twocarsaregivingoffwastegasandthreepeoplearetryingtoavoidbreathinginthepoisonousgasbymaskingtheirfacewiththeirhands.Thepoisonousgassentoffbyfactories,domesticappliancesandautomobileshasmadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreathe.[5.意义阐述段]Thereisnodenyingthat

4automobilesareindicationsofcivilization,progressanddevelopment;nevertheless,automobilescausetheseriousproblemofairpollution.Scientistshavewarnedthatunlesseffectivemeasuresaretaken,theproblemofpollutionwilleventuallygetoutofhand.Actually,peopleareshowingarealconcernovertheproblem.Forexample,thereisanincreasinglyloudvoicefromthepublicforfirmactionagainstpollutionfromautomobiles.[10建议措施段]Indeed,theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandforourdescendants.Inmyopinion,weshouldworkoutconcretesolutionstotheproblemofpollutionfrompoisonousgasgivenoffbyautomobiles.Forexample,theautomobilesshouldbeequippedwitha

5devicewhichcandisposeofwastegassoastopreventitfrompollutingair.Onlyinthiswaycanwereallysolvetheproblemofairpollutioncausedbyautomobiles.1.沙漠化[2.图画/图表描述段]Asisshowninthepicture,wecanseeclearlytherelationshipbetweenpeopleanddesert.Inthelefthandpicture,peoplearefleeingfromgreedysandhillsbecausetheycutdownallthetrees.Thecaptionreads,"Asthesandadvances,weretreat."Intherighthandpicture,thepeoplehavereturnedcarryingtools,water,andyoungtreesto

6plantthelandagain.Thecaptionreads:"Asweadvance,thesandretreats."[5.意义阐述段]Itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessageabouttheimportanceoftreesinwaterandsoilconservationandtheneedforeveryonetofightagainstthedangerofthedesertification.Infact,whatheissayingisthatthesandhillswilldriveawayfromthelandifwedofightagainstthesand.Ifweletthissituationcontinueasitis,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.[10.建议措施段]Thebestwaytofightbackagainstthegreedydesertinmadeclearinthesecondpicture.Therethelocalpeopleareactivelysettingaboutthetaskofplantingtreestoreclaimthelandandmakeit

7fertile.Thefactthattherearethreepeopleinthepicture,eachwithadifferentjobsuggeststhatworkingtogetheristhekeytosuccessinthebattleagainstsoilerosion.4.商业捕鱼(00年真题)ABriefHistoryofWorldCommercialFishing[2.图表描述段]Asisshowninthepictures.withtheincreaseofcommercialfishing,thenumberoffishesdramatically(sharply)decreased.Inonepictures.therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyonefishing-boatin1900.Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,withmanyfishing-boats.[5.意义阐述段]Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdue(greatenough)attentionhastobepaidtothedecrease(decline)ofoceanresources.Owing

8toover-fishingthenumberoffisheshasobviouslydropped.Ifweletthissituationgo(continue)asitis,wedonotknowwherefishwillbeinthefuture.Bythattime,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.[10.建议措施段]Therefore,itisimperativeforustotakedrastic(effective)measures.Foronething,weshouldappealtoourauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolcommercialfishing.Foranother,weshouldenhance(imperativearouse)theawarenessofpeoplethattheoceanresourcesareveryvitaltous.Onlyinthiswaycanweprotectouroceanresources.AlsoIbelievethatwehumanscanovercomethisdifficuIty,andwewillhaveabrighterfuture.

9第二部分图表作文（三篇）5.人口增长对野生动物的影响（99年真题）[2.图画/图表描述段]Fromthesegraphs,wecandrawaconclusionthat,withthegrowthofhumanpopulation,thenumberofspecieshasdecreasedrapidlyinAmerica,andsomespecieshaveevenvanishedfromourplanet.[6.原因列军段]Whydoesthisphenomenonappear?Thereareseveralpossiblereasonsforthis.Aboveall,asthehumanpopulationgrowsrapidly,agrowingnumberofpeoplecametolivewheresomewildspecieshavebeenliving.Thenthesespecieshavetomovetootherplaces.Someofthemprobablycannotadapttothenewenvironmentanddie.Inaddition,althoughmanypeoplelookonthewildlife

10astheirfriends,somepeoplemaynotthinkso.Theycatchalotofwildanimalsandselltheminordertogetmoremoney.Evenworse（坏）/Moreimportantly（好），astheresult（中性）/consequence（贬义）oftheindustry,thenaturalbalanceandtheecologicenvironmentaredestroyed.Theclearcuttinghasbecomeincreasinglyserious.Sosomeofthewildlifebecomehomelessandextinct.[10.建议措施段]Inordertoprotectthewildlife,Ihavesomesuggestions.First,thegovernmentsshouldmakelawstopreventthemfrombeingcaughtandkilled.Second,thegovernmentsshouldeducatepeopletolovenatureandprotectit.Third,asforourselves,weshouldtakepracticalactionstoprotect

11ourlivingenvironment.6烟草生产和消费（01年大纲样题）[1.现象/现状说明段]Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatcigarettesmokinghascausedseriousproblems.Butthetobaccocompaniesinsistthattheycontributegreatlytotheworldeconomybypayingtaxestothegovernmentandemployinghundredsofworkers.[4.利弊说明段]Personally,Ibelievethatcigaretteproductionandconsumptionthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.Firstly,smokingisresponsibleformanyfataldiseasessuchaslungcancer,heartdiseasesandsoon.Accordingtothesurvey,tobaccoconsumersaccountforabout20%oftheworldpopulation,andamongthem,threemillionpeople

12diefromsmoking-relateddiseaseseveryyear.Thefactthattheoutputoftobaccoproductionisreducedfrom143.64billionpoundsin1994to142billionpoundsin1995alsosuggeststhatpeoplehavecometorealizethenegativeeffectsofsmoking.Secondly,tobaccoconsumptionisextremelywastefulofmoney.Asisindicatedinthepictures,200billionUSdollarsislostduetosmokingeachyear.Obviously,thetotallossofmoneyaroundtheglobesubstantiallyexceedsthegainintheindustry.[8.归纳结论段]Inconclusion,astheeconomicdevelopmentaimsatmakingourlifebetter,wecannotsacrificeourhealthforshort-termfinancialbenefits.Ifwehavetospendmoreandmoremoneyprovidingmedicalservicesforthosewhosufferfrom

13smoking-relatedillnesses,thenotionofpromotingeconomyviatobaccoproductionisnotjustifiable.Itishightimethatwefoughtforthetotaltobaccoban.7.日用花销统计StatisticsinPeople'sDailyExpensesinXi'anYearitem19951996199719981999Food66%61%48%41%36%Clothing9%10%12%15%18%Recreation4%5%8%9%11%[2.图画/图表描述段]WhatisshowninthetableaboveindicatesthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplaceinthedailyexpensesinXi'anfrom1995to1999.Theexpensesonfoodhavedeclinedby30%whilethoseonclothingandrecreationhaveincreasedrespectivelyby9%and7%.Thestatistics

14ofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselyrelatedtooneanother.［6.原因歹！］军段］Therearetwofactorsaccountingforthesechanges.Developmentineconomyisanessentialoneinthefiveyears.Theincreasedincomeresultingfromeconomicgrowthplaysanimportantpartinthelessexpenseonfood.Hence,asmallpercentageoftotalincomeisenoughtocoverfoodexpense.Anotheroneisthechangesinlifestyle.Whenfoodpresentsnoworrytotheaverage,peoplebegintofocusmoreofinterestonhandsomeappearanceandhappyleisuretime.Asaresultofsuchashift,spendingonclothingandrecreationincreasedyearafteryear.［9.趋势预测段］Fromtheanalysesmadeabove,we

15maycometotheconclusionthatpeople'slivingstandardsinXi'anhavebeenconstantlyimprovedbetween1995and1999.Withthefurthergrowthineconomyandmorechangesinlifestyle,thetendencyindicatedinthetablewillcontinueinthetablewillcontinueinthebetterdirection.第三部分事务信函（三篇）8.咨询信AletterofInquiryYouwishtostudyatacertainforeignuniversity.Writealetterinquiringaboutthesituationthereasregardsaccommodation,feesandqualifications.DearSir

16IamaChinesecitizenwhowishestostudyatyouruniversity.Myplanistostartmycoursenextterm,andIwouldbegratefulifyouwouldbekindenoughtoprovidemewithcertainessentialinformation.First,whatqualificationsdoIneedtofollowacourseofstudyatyouruniversity?Ialreadyhaveamaster'sdegreefromauniversityhereinChina,butIwonderifthereareanyfurtheracademicrequirements.Second,howmucharethetuitionfees?AlthoughIintendtobeself-supporting,Iwouldbeinterestedtohearifthereareanyscholarshipsavailableforinternationalstudents.Third,whatisthesituationasregardsaccommodation?Iwouldpreferasingleroom,whichismoreconducivetostudying,butifsingleroomsareexpensive,Iwouldbewillingto

17share.Ilookforwardtoyourreply,andtoattendingyouresteemedinstitution.Yourssincerely,LiMing8.请求信ALetterofRequestYoufindthatyourstudyloadistooheavy.Writealettertoyourcollegeteacherexplainingwhyyouneedtowithdrawfromtwocourses.Askifitispossibletoobtainarefund.

18DearProf.James,Iamwritingtoformallyrequesttowithdrawfromtwocourses:IntroductiontoElementaryEducation(EDU602)andTeachingMethods(EDU619).ThemainreasonforreducingmycourseloadisthatIamfindingitextremelydifficulttomanagesixcourses.Inthebeginningoftheterm,Iwasperhapsoverlyoptimisticaboutjugglingbothmyfull-timestudiesandmypart-timejob(20hours/week).BecauseIreallymustworkparttime,Ihavenootherchoicebuttodecreasemycourseload.Iamplanningontakingthetwocoursesduringthesummersemester,iftheyareavailable,sothatIwillbeabletocompleteallthecoursesforthedegreeprogram

19bythefollowingyear.Iwouldalsoliketorequestatuitionrefund,andhopeIamnottoolatetoreceivethefullreimbursement.IamsorryforanyinconveniencesIhavecausedbythischangeinplans.Thisdecisionwasnottakenlightly,andIdoappreciatethekingconsiderationyouhaveshowntome.Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat277-9144.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Sincerelyyours,JaneCarter

2010.建议信ALetterofAdvice/SuggestionYouhaveafriendwhoisabouttoenteruniversity,andhewantsyoutoadvisehimonwhichsubjecttospecializein-history,inwhichheisveryinterested,orcomputerscience,whichoffersbetterjobprospects.DearJohn,Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceconcerningwhetheryoushouldstudyhistoryorcomputerscienceatuniversity,andIwilltrytomakesomeusefulsuggestions.Youmustkeepinmindthat,aboveall,your

21universitytrainingisapreparationforyourfuturecareer.Therefore,yourfirstconsiderationshouldbetostudyasubjectwhichwillbestequipyoutoearnaliving.Thereisnodoubtthatthefieldofcomputersoffersfarjobopportunitiesthanhistory.Besides,wearenowintheageofthehigh-technologyrevolution.Fortheforeseeablefuture,notonlywillitbenecessaryforeveryonetobecomputer-literate,itwillalsobenecessaryforthemtobeequippedwithcomputerskillsmerelytoearnaliving!History,I'mafraid,howeverfascinatingitmaybe,offersfewcareerprospects.Ofcourse,youdon'thavetodevoteallyourtimeat

22universitytostudyingcomputersandnothingelse.Onthecontrary,Iwouldrecommendthatyoukeepupyourreadingofhistoryinyoursparetime.Thatway,youwillfindthatyourleisurehoursareenrichedwhileyouprepareyourselfforaworthwhilecareerincomputers.Yourssincerely,James全世界都可以放弃，只是不能没有你的消息…

23付300个常用考研句子:1.WhenaskedabouttheongoinguproarinvolvingU.S.PresidentBillClinton,mostpeoplesaytheaffairinvolvesapurelyprivatematter.Butmanyotherpeopleregardhisactionsasdeplorable.Ipersonallythinkthepresidentcommittedimpeachableoffences.当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔•克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。但是，还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错，应该被指控。2.WhenitcomestotheincreasinguseofmotorvehiclesinBeijing,somepeoplethinkthatuseshouldbelimited.Othersarguethattheoppositeistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthtobotharguments,butemissioncontrolsmustbeinstitutedregardlessofthenumberofvehicles.涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对废气排放实行控制。3.Thereisageneraldebatenowadaysabouttheproblemofitinerantworkers.Thosewhoobjecttotherisingmigrantpopulationarguethatincreasingnumbersleadtorisingcrimeratesandharmsocialstability.TheybelievethatstrictlimitsshouldbeplacedonmigrantsenteringChina'scities.Butpeoplewhofavortheinfluxofthecheaplaborforce,ontheotherhand,maintainthatmigrantsareneededtosupportthemassiveurbaninfrastructureconstructionprogram.目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。

241.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatextensivedeforestationcontributedtoheavysummerflooding.ExpertsarguethatChinamustintroduceamassiveafforestationprogram.ButIdoubtwhetherafforestationalonewillsolvetheproblem.人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。专•家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。2.Mostpeopleareoftheopinionthatwealthprovidessolutionstoallproblems.Butinspiteofthematerialbenefitswealthprovides,Ibelieveoneshouldabandonthepursuitofmaterialismandinsteadconcentrateonthepursuitofhappiness.大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。3.Manypeoplebelievethatcapitalpunishmentdeterscrime.Butalthoughcriminologistshaveconductedexhaustiveresearchregardingthesubject,littleevidenceexiststosupporttheclaim.很多人相信极刑能阻止犯罪。但是，虽然刑事学家就这一课题做了详尽的研究，几乎没有证据能支持这种说法。4.AnincreasingnumberofpeoplearejoiningtheMInformationAge"viatheInternet.Inreactiontothephenomenon,somesaytheInternethasremovedbarrtersandprovidedpeoplewithimmediateaccesstotheworld.Butdotheyraelizethatrapidlyadvancinginformationtechnologycanalsoleadtointrusionsofprivacy?越来越多的人通过互联网进入了“信息时代:针对这一现象，一些人认为互联网消除了障碍，为人们提供了与世界即时链接的途径。但是，他们有没有意识到迅速发展的信息技术也能导致侵犯隐私？5.Theuseofguanxiisawidespreadmethodforconductingbusiness,butisitawiseone?Themethodisnowbeingchallengedbymoreandmorepeople.利用关系是做生意的普遍做法，但这种做法明智吗？现在，越来越多的人对这种方法提出了质疑。

251.Thesedaysweoftenhearaboutthewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor.Somearguethedevelopedworldhastotallyignoredtheproblem.Buthasit?Closeexaminationfailstobearouttheargument.最近，我们经常听到贫富差距扩大了的说法。一些人认为发达世界完全忽略了这个问题。事实是这样吗？细致的调查无法证实这一观点。2.We*reoftentoldthattheworldistetheringonthebrinkofdestruction.Butisthisreallythecase?我们经常被告知世界处于毁灭的边缘。但事实真是这样吗？3.Oneofthepressingproblemsfacingournation(China)todayisovercomingdisparitiesinurbanandruralincomelevels.我们国家(中国)如今面临的紧迫问题之一是克服城乡收入水平之间的差距。4.Oneofthemostseriousproblemsmanypeopletalkaboutcentersonthelackofadequatehousingspace.许多人谈论的一个最严重的问题集中在缺乏足够的居住空间。5.Perhapsthemostdangerousphenomenongrippingthenationtodayisofficialcorruption,whichispervasiveinalllevelsofgovernment.也许当今困扰国家的最危险的现象是遍布各级政府的官员腐败。6.Inflationisyetanothernewandbittertruthwemustlearntoface.通货膨胀又是一个我们必须学会面对的痛苦的新情况。7.Therapidexpansionofurbanareashasinmanycasesencroachedonvaluablecultivatableland,andledtoageneralrecognitionthatdevelopmentmustnotbecarriedatthecostofagriculture.Thegovernmenthasattachedgreaterimportancetotheproblemandanincreasingnumberofredundantprojectsarebeingterminated.

26城区的迅速扩大在很多情况卜.侵占了宝贵的可耕地，使人们普遍认识到发展不能以牺牲农业为

27代价。政府更加重视这个问题，越来越多的不必要的工程被终止。1.16.Thereisagrowingworldwideawarenessoftheneedforstrengthenedenvironmentalprotection.世界上越来越多的人认识到加强环境保护的必要性。17.TherehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthespreadofHIV/AIDSinrecentyears,withanewstudyprojectingthatthedreadeddiseasewillaffectover30millionpeopleworldwidebytheyear2005.近年来，艾滋病蔓延的幅度进一步扩大，一项新的研究预测，到2005年，世界上有超过三千万人将感染这•可怕的疾病。18.Workingwiththedisabledcannothelpbutleaveoneimpressedwiththeirindefatigabledesire.与残疾人一起工作使一个人不得不对他们坚持不懈的渴望印象深刻。19.Perhapsnoissuesaremorecontroversialthaneuthanasiaandabortion,bothofwhichinvolvetakingthelifeofahumanbeing.也许没有问题比安乐死和人工流产更有争议性，它们都涉及结束一个人的生命。20.Neverbeforeinhistoryhastheissueofoverpopulationbeenmoreevidentthannow.历史上，人口过剩的问题从来没有比现在更加突出。21.Perhapsitistimetoreexaminetheideathatcollegedegreesareaguaranteeofintelligence.也许现在是应该重新考虑大学为是智力的保证这种想法的时候了。

2817.Agrowingnumberofpeoplearebeginningtorealizethatwealthisnotthesoleprerequisiteforhappiness.越来越多的人开始意识到财富不是幸福的惟一先决条件。

2917.Inspiteoftheextraordinaryprogressmadeinscienceandtechnology,problemsremainintermsofguaranteeingthatachievementsbenefitthegreatestnumberofpeople.尽管科学技术取得了非凡的进步，但是在保证进步成果使尽可能多的人受益这方面还存在一些问题。18.Afamousthinkeroncewrotethat"thegreatestthreattomankindismankinditselfIMIfthisisindeedthecase,thenthecurrentsituationshouldmakeusponderourfutuerexistence.一位著名的思想家曾经写道：“对人类最大的威胁是人类自身！”如果事实确实如此，那么，现状应该促使我们对我们未来的生存进行思索了。19.U.S.PresidentHarryTrumanonceremarked:"ThebuckstopshereI"Hisviewhasbeenconfirmedbynumerousworldleaderswhohaveassumedfullresponsibilityfortheiractions.美国总统杜鲁门曾经说过：“责任止于此！”（意为勿再把责任往别处推，这是杜鲁门办公室桌上的座右铭）他的观点得到了很多对自己的行动承担完全责任的世界领袖的肯定。20.Largefamilieswereonceseenasablessing.Today,however,thingsarechangingandanincreasingnumberofChineseparentsrealizethatfewerisbetter.大家庭曾经被看做是一种福气。然而，今大，情况改变了，越来越多的中国家长意识到家庭成员越少越好。21.Peopleusedtoplacetotalrelianceonthegovernment.Theso-called"ironricebowl"prevailedinthepast,butthingsarequitedifferenttoday.过去，人们习惯完全依靠政府。以前盛行所谓的“铁饭碗”，但今天的情况有很大的不同。22.Severalyearsago,Chinesestreetswerefilledwithpeoplewearingidenticaldrabclothing.Today,however,thingsarequitedifferentandthestreetsareawashwith

30peoplewearingfashionablebrightcoloredoutfits.Whyhasthechangetakenplace?许多年前，中国大街上的人都穿•样的灰褐色衣服。然而，今天的情况大不一样了，街上满是一个个身穿色彩艳丽的时髦衣服的人。出现这种变化的原因是什么呢？17.Yearsofobservinghumanbehaviorhasenabledmetoconcludethatthemajordifferencebetweenmediocrityandsuccessliessolelywiththeindividualconcerned.Successfulindividualsconsistentlyseekadvancement,whiletheirlessindustriouscontemporariesaremerelycontentwiththestatusquo.对人们行为的多年观察使我能够得出这样的结论：平庸和成功的主要区别仅仅在于相关的个人。成功的个人不断寻求进步，而他们比较懒惰的同时代人仅仅满足于现状。18.Traditionalwayofthinkinghavechangeddramatically.Thependulumhasswungandpeopleareexhibitinggreateropen-mindednessandaburningdesiretodeteminetheirowndestiny.传统的思维方式有了显著的变化。舆论发生了剧变，人们表现出更开放的思想以及决定他们自己命运的强烈愿望19.Therehasbeenundesirabletrendinrecentyearstowardstheworshipofmoney.ArecentsurveyshowedthatXpercentofrespondentsrankedgettingrichastheirtoppriority,comparedtoXpercentonlyafewyearsago.Whydopeoplefailtorealizethatwealthdoesnotnecessarilybringhappiness?近年来出现了对社会有害的拜金主义倾向。最近的一项调查表明，X%的调查对象把致富作为他们的首选，相比之卜\就在几年前，只有X%的人这样想。为什么人们没能意识到财富不一定带来幸福呢？20.Somemonthsago,afriendofminewaskilledinatragicautomobileaccidentinvolvingadrunkdriver.Theincidentwasfarfromrare,andwasinfacttypicalofthousandsofcasesinvolvingpeopledricingundertheinfluenceofalcohol.几个月前，我的一个朋友死于一场与酒后驾车有关的悲惨车祸。这件事情一点儿也不罕见，事实上是数以千计的案件的典型，这些案件与在酒精作用下开车的人有关。

3117.Irecentlyreadanewspaperarticleontherampantspreadofchildabuse.Thedeplorableproblemofthewidespreadabuseofinnocentchildrenhasarousedpublicconcernnationwide.最近，我在报纸上读到•篇关于虐待儿童现象变得猖獗的文章。普遍虐待无辜儿童的问题令人深感遗憾，它已经引起了全国公众的关注。18.Shouldparentssparetherodandspoilthechild?Opinionsconcerningstrictparentaldisciplinevarywidely.Someviewstrictdisciplineasnothingmorethanaformofabuse,whileothersargueitisanessentialfactorforinstillingappropriatesocialbehavior.家长应不应该闲了棍子、惯了孩子？针对严厉的家教的看法大相径庭。有的人就是把严厉的管教看成一种虐待，而另外的人认为这是逐渐灌输得体的社会行为的要素。19.Whatdoyouthinkoftheincreasingopennessaccompanyingtheongoingsexualrevolution?Doyoueverfantasize?Answerstothesequestionsshouldbebasedonadeterminationbetweenappropriateandinappropriatebehavior.你如何看待对现在的性革命越来越开放的态度？你曾经想像过吗？回答这些问题之前应先界定得体和不得体的行为。20.Whydosomegovernmentspersistinspendingbillionsofdollarsonspaceexplorationwhenstarvationandpovertycontinuetogripmanycountriesthroughouttheworld?Thisparticularquestionisbeingraisedbyaneverincreasingnumberofpeople.既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰，为什么有的政府还曜持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索？现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。21.Judgingfromthereamsofevidencepresented,wecansafelyconcludethattheThreeGorgesProjectwillchangethelivesofanuntoldnumberofpeopleforever.根据现有的大量证据，我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论：三峡工程将永远改变无数人的生活。22.Theampleevidencepresentedenablesustoreasonablyconcludethatthescourge

32ofAIDSwillbebroughtundercontrolintheforeseeablefuture.

33提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论：艾滋病的祸害在可预见的籽来就能得到控制。17.Wemustseekimmediatesolutionsforproblemsleadingtotherapiddepletionoftheearth'sozonelayer.Ifallowedtoproceedunchecked,theproblemwillundoubtedlyexacerbateglobalwarmingandthreatenlifeasweknowittoday.我们必须寻求立即解决引起地球臭氧层快速损耗的问题的办法。如果任其自由发展，这一问题无疑会加剧全球升温，并且正如今天我们所知道的那样危及生命。18.Quiteobviously,immediateactionisneededtoextricate80millionChinesepeoplefromthegripsofpovertyinordertoremovethedangerofsocialunrestandensurecontinuingstability.很明显，需要立即采取行动使八千万中国人摆脱贫困，从而消除社会动荡的危险，确保持续的稳定。19.Chinaneedstoreexaminetheresultsofpoliticalandsocialmodernizationinordertoascertainthebenefitsandindeedthedetrimentalaspectsfromanewperspective.Otherwise,variousperceivedaccomplishmentsmightinfactprovetobefarfrombeneficial.中国需要重新检查政治和社会现代化带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处，甚至是有害的方面。否则，许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。20.ItisessentialtoheedwarningsofpotentiallycatastrophicconsequencesassociatedwiththeYear2000computerbugand,inturn,toattachtopprioritytofindingeffectivesolutionstoensureasmoothtransitionintothenewcentury.我们必须注意有关计算机千年虫可能带来的灾难性结果的警告，并且相应地优先考虑寻找有效的解决办法以确保顺利过渡到新世纪。21.Itishightimeweputanendtothedeplorablepracticeofinfanticide.我们早该杜绝杀婴这种应遭谴责的做法。

3417.Thereislittledoubtthatimmediateactionisrequiredtoeliminatethescourgeofcorruptiononceandforever.亳无疑问，必须立即采取行动彻底消除腐败的祸害。18.Inshort,wemustworkdiligentlytomaketheworldabetterplaceforcominggenerations.Wemustnotpersistinpursuitsharmfultotheenvironment.简而言之，我们必须勤奋工作，为了下•代把世界变成更美好的地方。我们不应该坚持对环境有害的追求。19.Wemustavoidoverindulgenceandconspicuousconsumption.Wemustinsteadcontinuetorecognizethebenefitsofthriftinordertoprotectournewfoundprosperity.我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反，我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。20.Itisabsolutelyessentialtoreversetheirrationalmisuseofnonrenewableresources.Forexample,fuel-efficientmotorvehiclesmustbedevelopedtoreduceoilconsumptionandalternativeenergysourcesmustbefoundtoreplacecoal.彻底改变对不可再生资源的非理性滥用是绝对有必要的。例如，必须开发节能的机动车减少汽油的消耗量，并且必须找到可替代能源取代煤。21.Whileachievingsuccessiseasiersaidthandone,persistencedoesinfactpayoff.Oneofthemostimportanttraitsofasuccessfulpersonisself-confidence,anotherisdesire,andstillanotherisdetermination.获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重要的特征之一是自信，第二是渴望，还有一个是决心。22.Recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfindingasolution.认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。23.Manyoftheexplanationsofferedthusfarareatleasttoacertainextentvalid,but

35nonefullyaddresstheproblemandtheissuemustbeexaminedinawidercontext.目前提供的许多解释至少在•定程度上是正确的，但是，没有•个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。17.TherearenoimmediatesolutionsforreversingtheAsianfinancialcrisis,butconvincingaffectednationstopracticefiscalrestraintwillbehighlybeneficial.没有能立即扭转亚洲金融危机的办法，但是，它使受到影响的国家相信实行财政控制将大有益处。18.Immediatesolutionsforsolvingproblemssurroundingpovertyremainelusive.However,publicrecognitionofthenecessitytoprovideabetterqualityoflifeformillionsofpeoplewillrepresentthefirststepinfindingeffectivesolutions.立即解决贫困问题的办法仍然是难以捉摸的。然而，公众认识到为数百万人提供更高质量的生活的必要性是找到有效的解决办法的第•步。19.Whatdosethefutureholdifmankindpersistsinwastingnaturalresources?Whilenooneknowsforsure,scientistsdoexhibitadegreeofcertaintywhenpredictingthatfuturegenerationswillfaceadramaticallydiffrerntworld.如果人类继续浪费自然资源，未来将会有什么贮藏？没有人知道明确的答案，但是，科学家在预测后代将面对一个迥然不同的世界时确实有一定的把握。20.Reversingundesirablesocialtrendswillbefarfromaneasytaskandwillrequireadramaticchangeinattitudes.Akeenawarenessofrightfromwrongisessentialfordeterminingappropriatesocialbehavior.扭转不好的社会趋势远非一件易事，看法需要有巨大的变化。对正误的深刻认识是判定得体的社会行为所必需的。21.Weoweadebtofgratitudetothemanyindividualswhodedicatedtheirlivestomakingtheworldabetterplace.However,wemustnotrestontheiraccomplishments,butmustinsteadworkassiduouslytorecordevengreaterachievements.

36我们应该感谢许多为把世界变得更美好而奉献一生的人。然而，我们不能依靠他们的成绩，而必须努力工作，取得更辉煌的成就。17.ThetwomajorchallengesfacingChinatodaycenteronmaintainingsustainedeconomicgrowthandfeedingitsgrowingpopulationofover1.2billionpeoplewithonlysevenpercentoftheworld'scultivableland.Despitethemonumentaldifficultiesinvolved,Chinesepeoplewillundoubtedlyexhibittheirindefatigableresilienceandachievegreatsuccessinbothregards.现在，中国面临的两大挑战是保持持续的经济增长和靠世界上仅仅百分之七的可耕地养活仍在增长的12亿人口。尽管遇到的困难很大，中国人无疑会表现出不知疲倦的活力，在两方面都取得巨大成功。18.Wedo,infact,havealongwaytogotoreachourfinalgoal,butachievingsomeremainswellwithintherealmofpossibility.事实上，我们达到最终的目标还有很长的路要走，但是，取得一些成绩还是可能做到的。19.Thetimeisrightforustotakefulladvantageofampleexistingopportunities.这正是我们充分利用大量现有机会的时候。20.Whileitremainstobeseenwhetherornotenvironmentaldeteriorationcanbecontrolled,thecurrentprospectsarefarfromencouraging.Peoplearoundtheworldmustactimmediatelytopreventthesituationfromdeterioratingevenfurther.环境恶化是否能得到控制这个问题仍然没有答案，但目前的前景一点儿也不乐观。全世界的人必须立即行动，防止情况进一步恶化。21.Themethodologysuggestedmaynotguaranteeultimatesuccess,buttheeventualpay-offcouldwellbeworththeeffort.Achievingevenpartialsuccesswillbenefitmankindandcontributetocreatingabetterworld.提出的方法不一定保证最终的成功，但最后的结果非常值得付出努力。即使只获得部分成功也会使人类受益，有利于创造一个更美好的世界。

3717.Admittedly,ensuringsustainabledevelopmentwillrequireacertainlevelofsacrificeandarduouseffortsonthepartofallpeople.Nonetheless,theaccruedreturnswillbothstrengthenthenationandensureabetterlifeforallChinesecitizens.诚然，确保持续的发展需要人们做出一定程度的牺牲和辛勤努力。但是，积累的成果不仅能使国家更强大，而且能保证中国公民过上更美好的生活。18.TherapidemergenceofhomesforseniorcitizensrepresentsasharpdivergencefromthetraditionalChinesepracticeofmaintainingthenuclearfamilyatallcosts.老人疗养院的迅速出现体现了与中国传统的不惜一切代价维持核心家庭的做法的显著分歧。19.Participatingininteractiveexperiencesbeneficialtoallissomethingthatnooneshouldmiss.Thevaluablelessonslearnedtherefromshouldnotbearbitrarilydismissed,butshouldinsteadbetreasured.参加对所有人都有益的互动式体验是任何•个人都不应该错过的。从中获得的宝贵经验不应该任意抛弃，而应该倍加珍惜。20.Abortionadvocatesmaybecorrectintheirassertionthatthepracticeisanecessarytoolofpopulationcontrol,buttheyseemtoneglectthepreciousnessofhumanlifeinitsearlieststages.人工流产的提倡者认为它是控制人口的一种必要手段。他们也许是对的，但他们可能忽略了人的生命在最初阶段的宝贵。21.Somepeopleassertthatnothingisimpossible.Suchpeopleshouldgetagriponrealityandunderstandit'simpossibletocreateanotherUniverse.Inmoredown-to-earthterms,it'simpossibletoknowwithanycertaintywhetheryouwillliveordietomorrow.一些人断言没有什么事是不可能的。这些人应该把握现实，知道再造一个宇宙是不可能的。更现实的说法是不可能明确知道明天你会活着还是会死。22.TwomajorfactorscontributedtodevastatingsummerfloodingalongtheYangtze

38Riveranditstributaries.First,erosionresultingfromexcessivedeforestationintheupperreachesoftheriverand,second,heavysiltingwhichraisedtheriverbedinthemainchannel.两个主要因素导致了夏季长江及其支流的特大洪水。第，过度砍伐引起的河流上游的侵蚀，第二，严重的泥沙淤积抬高了主干道的河床。17.Greedandatotallackofsocialconsciousnesshavebeencitedasmajorreasonsforthedramaticrisecorruption.人们认为贪婪和社会意识的彻底缺乏是造成腐败急剧增加的主要原因。18.ThereareseveralreasonsforthemarkedincreaseinChina'scrimeratethedramaticinfluxofitinerantworkersinurbanareas;decliningsocialvalues;andwideningdisparitiesbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.中国的犯罪率显著升高有很多原因一城区大量流动工人的涌入：社会价值的贬低以及贫富之间日益扩大的差距。19.WhyareanincreasingnumberofelderlyChineseparentslivingapartfromtheirchildren?Onereasonistheincreasingupwardmobilityoftheyoungergeneration.Anotherisexpandingsocialopportunitiesfortheelderly.Perhapsthemainreason,however,centersondramaticchangesintraditionalconcepts.为什么越来越多的中国老人不和他们的孩子住在一起？原因之一是年轻一代的上进心增强了。另一个原因是社会上老人的机会增加了。然而，主要的原因可能是传统观念发生了巨大变化。20.Whathassparkedtheincreasinginterestinexercise?Foronething,peoplehavegainedagreaterawarenessoftheneedforphysicalfitness.Foranother,theconstantlyimprovingstandardoflivingenablesChinesepeopletopatronizetheincreasingnumberofrecreationalvenues.Themainthingperhapscentersonthehealthcareandpsychologicalbenefitsexerciseprovides.什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣？一方面，人们更加清楚地意识到保持身体健康的必要性。另一方面，不断提高的生活水平使中国人能够支付增加的娱乐支出。最主要的可能在于锻

39炼带来的保健和心理上的好处。17.Identifyingthereasonsforanemergingphenomenonwhichinvolvesseveralcomplicatedfactorsisfarfromaneasytask.Forexample,somescientistsattributeenvironmentaldeteriorationtoaseriesofnaturalfactors,whileothersplacetheblamesolelyoninappropriatehumanbehavior.要找到涉及许多复杂因素的新现象的原因远非一件易事。例如，一些科学家把环境的恶化归结为一些自然因素，而另•些人把责任都推在人类不适当的行为上。18.Onedoesn'thavetolookfartorealizethedirectcorrelationbetweensmokingandcancer.人们不用花费很大力气就能发现抽烟和癌症之间的直接联系。19.Theexplanationforthephenomenonoftherisingteenagesuiciderateinvolvesmanycomplicatedfactors.Someattributetherisetoanoveremphasisonearlysuccess,otherspointtomountingpeerpressure,andstillotherstoconfusionoverchangingsocialvalues.对上升的少年自杀率的解释涉及很多复杂的因素。有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功，有的人指出是因为不断增长的同伴之间的压力，还有人认为是对不断变化的社会价值的迷茫造成的。20.Thereasonsforantisocialbehaviorarebothcomplicatedandvaried.Isuggestthephenomenonresultsfrominappropriaterolemodelsandthelackofwell-definednormsofbehavior.However,themainreasonisquitelikelythecontinuingdegenerationofsocialvalues.反社会行为的原因既复杂又多样。我认为这种现象是不恰当的角色典型和缺少行为规范的很好的定义造成的。然而，主要原因很可能是不断贬低的社会价值。21.Thecausesofracialhatredarenotreadilydefinable.Sociologists,however,attributethemtothemisguidedconceptofasuperiorraceandaninnatemistrustofpeople

40ofcolor.Perhapsthemaincauseisquitesimplyignorance.种族仇恨的起因没有现成的答案。然而，社会学家把原因归结为被误导的更高贵的种族的观念以及天生的对有色人种的不信任。主要原因可能仅仅是因为无知。17.ThescourgeofHIV/AIDScurrentlyengulfingtheworldwillquitelikelybebroughtundercontrolwithinthenextfewyearsthankstotheuntiringeffortsofscientistsandresearchersworldwide.现在席卷世界的艾滋病的祸害很有可能由于全世界科学家和研究人员的不懈努力在未来几年内得到控制。18.Theincidencerateofcancermainlystemsfromseveralfactors,includinginappropriatediets,poorhealthcarepracticesandthelackofearlydetection.Continuingmedicaladvancesandrisingawarenessdo,however,offerpromisinghopeforthefuture.癌症的发病率主要由以下诸多因素引起，包括不适当的饮食、不好的保健习惯以及没有及早发现。然而，医学的不断进步和对此不断增强的关注给未来带来了很大的希望。19.Increasedurbanpollutionlevelsandthemountingdeathtollfrommotorvehiclesaccidentscanmainlybeattributedtotheglutofautomobilesappearingoncityroadsinrecentyears.Detrimentalfactorswillquitelikelyoutweighthebenefitsofrisingautomobileusage.城市人口的增长和车祸中死亡率的增加主要是由于近年内充斥城市道路的汽车。汽车使用量的增加带来的有害因素很有可能超过它的好处。20.TherisingdivorcerateinChinacan,atleastinpart,beattributedtospousalincompatibility,disparitiesineducationlevels,changingsocialattitudesandtheincreasingupwardmobilityoftheyoungergeneration.中国上升的离婚率可以，至少部分可以归结为婚姻的不和谐，受教育水平的差异，变化的社会看法以及年轻一代不断增强的上进心。21.State-ownedenterprisesarenotonlyfailingbecauseofinefficientmanagement,but

41alsobecauseoftheirinabilitytoawitchoperationalmodesfromtheformerplannedeconomytothenewmarketeconomy.国有企业失败不仅由于低效的管理，也因为他们不能实现从以前的计划经济到新的市场经济的运作模式的转换。17.Althoughwedonotknowthelong-termconsequencesofseparationordeprivation,wedoknowthattheycanproduceacuteimmediatedistress.虽然我们不知道分离和丧失亲人的长期后果，但我们知道它们能立即引起剧烈的悲痛。18.Onecanraedilytracethedisappearanceofdinosaurstoamajorcataclysmicevent.人们很容易把恐龙消失的原因归结为里大的灾难性事件。19.Theraesonsforpovertyaremany,butforthemostpartcenteronilliteracy,thelackofopportunitiesandinsomecasespurelaziness.贫困的原因很多，但主要是因为缺少教育、缺少机会，有的情况下纯粹是由于懒惰。20.Childdevelopmentdependsonanumberoffactors,bothphysicalandpsychological.Correctparentalnurturingfrominfancythroughadolescencedeterminesboththephysicalandmentalprofileofamatureindividual.儿童的发展取决于很多因素，包括生理的和心理的。从婴儿期到青春期的正确的家长教育决定一个成熟的个人的体质及智力的状况。21.Factorssuchasself-condidenceandambition,combinedwithdeterminationandwillpower,contributetoeventualsuccessorfailure.自信、雄心，加上决心和毅力等因素是造成最终的成功或失败的原因。22.VariousfactorswillweighheavilyonChina'seventualentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Onecentersonthetotalabandonmentofprotectionism,andtheotherontheadoptionofgenerallyacceptedinternationalaccountingnorms.

42许多因素对中国最终加入世界贸易组织(WTO)有很大的影响。因素之一是彻底放弃保护主义，

43另一个因素是采用普遍接受的国际会计规范。17.Oneofthemostcommonfailuresofpeopletodayistoavoidtellingthetruth.Peoplemustrealizethatavoidanceandlyinghaveneverinthepastand,infact,neverwillrightawrong.如今人类最常见的•个不足是不说真话。人们必须意识到不说真话、说谎话在过去没有，事实上，将来也永远不会变错误为正确。18.Centralplanninghas,atleastinpart,beenblamedforthecurrentdemiseofstate-ownedenterprises.Perhaps,however,thegreatestblameshouldbeplacedonfactorssuchasgrosslyinefficientmanagement;therampantpracticeof"guanxiH,cronyismandnepotism;excessivelylargeworkforces;abusesofsocialbenefits;andwithoutadoubtcorruption.人们认为中央计划至少是现在国有企业失败的部分原因。然而，最主要的原因可能是极低效的管理、关系的普遍运用、任用亲信和裙带关系、大量过剩的劳动力、社会救济金的滥用，当然还包括腐败。19.Arecentsurveyrevealedlargedisparitiesintheincomelevelsofmaleandfemaleworkersholdingthesameposition.Thedeterminingfactorshouldbequalifications,ratherthangender,whendeterminingboththesalaryandpositionofanindividual.最近的一项调查表明在同样职位上的男性与女性工人的收入水平存在差异。在决定工人工资和职位的时候，决定因素应该是资格，而不是性别。20.Socialfinesse,willingnesstorelocateandlanguagecapacityarealsodeterminantfactorainassessingjobqualifications.社交手腕、愿意调动以及语言能力也是评估工作资格的决定性因素。21.ThetumultuousCulturalRevolutionwaschieflyresponsibleforthesearingdesireforchangeinChina.混乱的文化大革命是引起对中国发生变化的极度渴望的主要原因。

4417.TraditionalbeliefsdonotinthemselvesexplainthelingeringprevalenceofoutdatedconceptsinChina.传统信仰本身不能解释过时观念为何仍然在中国普遍存在。18.SomelaytheblameforfallingexportssquarelyonfinancialturmoilsweepingmanyAsiancountries.Thefactofthematteris,however,thatproportionateblameshouldbeassignedtothelackadaisicalapproachtodevelopingnewmarkets,failuretoimproveproductqualityandgovernmentinactionintherealmofsupport.有的人干脆认为造成出口下降的原因是横扫亚洲许多国家的金融危机。然而，事实是一部分原因应归结为开拓新市场的不得力的方法、改进产品质量的失败以及政府没有表示支持的行动。19.Weoftenignoretherealproblemandinsteadsearchforaneedleinahaystack.Solvingproblemsofanykindrequiresonetoadoptadirectapproachwhichaddressesallrelevantissues.我们经常忽略实际问题，而是大海捞针。解决任何类型的问题都需要一个人采取直接的办法处理所有相关事情。20.Claimingalackofopportunitiesisnothingmorethanasuperficialexcuseforjustifyingfailure.Thefundamentalreasonforfailureismostoftenthelackofdriveonthepartoftheindividualinvolved.声称缺少机会不过是敷衍失败的借口。通常，失败最根本的原因是相关的个人本身缺乏动力。21.Wecan,andquiteoftendo,blameourcontemporariesforpersonalfailures,butthefactofthematteristhattherootcausesformostproblemsgomuchdeeper.我们可以，而且经常因个人的失败抱怨我们的同时代人，但是，事实是许多问题的根本原因要深刻得多。22.Therapidlyemergingsexualrevolutionhasbeenaccompaniedbymanydisturbingtrends.Perhapsthemostseriousconsequencescenterontherapidspreadofsexuallytransmitteddiseases(STDs),risingprostitutionandtheriseinAIDScases.

45伴随着迅速出现的性革命有很多令人烦恼的趋势。最严重的后果可能是性传染病的迅速蔓延、卖淫现象及艾滋病患者的增多。17.Thedeepimpactofopeningtotheoutsideworldisreadilydiscernibleinanumberofareas:theadoptionofmanyWesternhabits,bothgoodandbad;changingsocialandmoralvalues;thetrendtowardsindividualism;andtheintroductionofstate-of-the-artconceptsandtechnology.ThekeytoadoptingWesternwaycentersonacceptingthegoodandrejectingthebad.对外开放的深刻影响在许多方面都能看到：模仿西方的习惯，包括好的和坏的；改变社会和道德价值观；个人主义的趋势：引进已发展的概念和技术。采取西方方式的关键在于取其精华，去其糟粕。18.Thearrivaloftheso-calledMInformationAge"willundoubtedlyhaveaprofoundinfluenceonourlives.Thetaskathandcenteronusingthetechnologyforbeneficialpurposes,whileatthesametimepreventingintrusionsofprivacyanduseoftheelectronichighwayfordeceitfulpurposes.所谓“信息时代”的来临无疑将深刻地影响我们的生活。手头的任务主要是利用技术达到有意的目的，同时，防止侵犯隐私或者出于欺骗的目的利用电子高速路。19.Noonecandoubtthatthereformandopeningpoliciesintroducedin1979havehadaprofoundimpactonthelivesofChinesecitizens.Changesresultingtherefromhavenotonlyimpactedtheeconomicsystem,butthesocialsystemaswell.没有人能怀疑1979年推出的改革开放政策对中国公民的生活产生了深刻的影响。由此造成的变化不仅影响了经济体制，而且影响了社会体制。20.Effluentdischargesofindustrialwastewaterandrawsewageintorivers,lakesandinshorecoastalareashavenotonlyadverselyaffectedmarinelifeandaquaticresources,buthavealsojeopardizedoneofthemajornecessitiesforsustaininglife—PotableWater.工业废水和原污水排放入河流、湖泊和近海岸区域不仅给海洋生物和水生资源带来了负面影响，而且也破坏了维持生命的主要必需品之一——饮用水。

4617.Itwillhaveadirectbearingonthematterunderdiscussion.这将和正在讨论的问题有直接关系。18.Rapideconomicgrowthmayleadtoanoverextensionofresourcesandleadtoaneventualcatastrophicmeltdown.经济迅速增长可能导致过度使用资源，并引起最终巨大的灾难。19.Theimmediateresultsofeconomicgrowthhavecreatedtheillusionofunendingprosperity.Thebestapproachatthisparticulartimeistoperhapserronthesideofcaution.经济增长的直接结果是造成了关于无止境繁荣的幻想。现在这个特定时刻最好的办法也许是慎之又慎。20.Thebenefitsoftechnologyareundeniable.Nonetheless,thefactthattechnologyoftennegatestheneedforhumanbeingsintheworkplacedeservescarefulconsiderationandretrainingprogramsforaffectedindividualsmustbeintroduced.技术的好处不容否认。然而，技术经常否认工作场所需要人类，这一点值得仔细考虑，而且，为受到影响的个人推出再培训项R是必需的21.Thelackoffaithingovernmentisthedirectresultoftheprevailingdistrustofpoliticians.对政府缺乏信心是普遍存在的对政府官员的不信任直接造成的。22.Theadvantagesofharmoniousrelationsfaroutweighthedisadvantagesofconfrontation.和谐关系的好处远远大于冲突的坏处。23.Independenceoffersmanyadvantages,thefirstandforemostofwhichisself-determination.

47独带来很多好处，首先也是最重要的是自决。

4817.Thecontrastbetweenrightandwrongishighlightedbythebenefitsaccruingfromtheformer.由于正确而得到的好处更加强调了正误的对比。18.Themoststrikingconclusionthatcanbereachedwhenweighingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemarketeconomyisquitefranklyprosperity.很坦率地说，在权衡市场经济的利弊时能得出的最显著的结论是繁荣。19.Theridiculousamountofmoneysomecountriesspendonmilitaryhardwareisabsurdwhenconsideringthenumberofpeoplestarvinginmanydevelopingcountries.考虑到•些发展中国家挨饿的人的数量，•些国家把大量资金花费在重型军事装备上显得很荒谬。20.Thelossofperquisitesenjoyedbygovernmentofficialsandbusinessexecutivespalesincomparisontotheplightofrefugeesinmanywar-torncountries.与许多饱受战争创伤的国家的难民所处的困境相比，政府官员和商业管理者失去所享受的特权就相形见细了。21.Whilethelong-termproblemofglobalwarmingisindeedserious,itssignificancediminishessomewhatwhenconsideringimmediateproblemssuchasrapidenvironmentaldeteriorationandtherampantmisuseandabuseofnonrenewableresources.虽然全球变暖这一长期的问题确实很严重，但考虑到诸如环境的迅速恶化和不可更新资源的普遍滥用等当前的问题，它的重要性就有所降低了。22.Owningacarmightbepreferabletoowningabicycle,buttheproblemsassociatedwithowningtheformerfaroutweighthoseofthelatter.Foronething,automobilesareexponentiallymoreexpensiveandrequiregreatermaintenance.Foranother,bicyclesdon*tpollute.与拥有一辆自行车相比，人们更愿意拥有一辆汽车，但拥有后者涉及的问题远远超过前者。原

49因之一，汽车昂贵很多，需要更多的维护。原因之二，门行车不会引起污染。17.Theadvantagesoffamilyplanningmorethancompensateforthedisadvantages.计划生育的好处不仅仅弥补了它的害处。18.Claimsofgenderequalityarelacedwithcontradictions.Theprincipalfallacycentersontheworkplaceandconceptofequalpayforequalwork.Another,butnolessimportant,aspectrevolvesaroundtheentryofwomenintotopmanagementpositions.性别平等的呼声中有少量自相矛盾的内容。最大的谬误在于工作场所和同工同酬的概念。另一个同样重要的方面与女性进入最高管理职位紧密相关。19.Bothlimitationsandproblemswillquitelikelybeencounteredduringtheongoingtransitiontothemarketeconomy.Foronething,urgentmeasuresarerequiredtoresolveproblemsinvolvingstate-ownedenterprises.Anotherthornyissueinvolvescontrollinginflationinthefaceofemergingmarketforces.正在进行的市场经济的转型很有可能将遇到限制和问题.•方面，需要紧要方法解决涉及国有企业的问题.另一棘手的问题涉及在市场力量形成的同时控制通货膨胀.20.WilltheThreeGorgesProjectprovetobeamonumentalachievementornothingmorethanagiantfiasco?Oppositionvoicespointtodrawbackssuchasthemassivecostoftheproject,theneedtorelocatemillionsoflocalresidentsanddestructionoftheuniquenaturalenvironment.Supporters,ontheotherhand,contendthattheadvantages—i.e.improvedfloodcontrol,increasedpowergenerationcapacityanddesirableimpactoneconomicdevelopmentinrelatedareas—willfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Timewilltellandhistorywilljudgethewisdomoftheproject.三峡工程将成为极大的成功或只是彻底的失败？反对意见指出了诸如工程的巨额成本，数百万当地居民的重新安置以及独特的自然环境的破坏等障碍。另一方面，支持者认为它的好处，例如对洪水控制的改善、发电能力的提高和对相关地区经济发展的影响将远远超过它坏处。至于建设这个工程明智与否，时间会告诉我们，历史会做出判断。

5017.Nothingapproachestheloveofamotherforherchild.没有东西可以和母爱相比。18.Fewscientificandtechnologicalachievementsequalthesuccessoflandingmenonthemoon.儿乎没有科技成就能与人类成功登陆月球同日而语。19.Aquestionbeggingananswercentersonwhetherviolenceismoredirectlyrelatedtotheinnatecharacteristicofhumanbeing,orwhetheritissimplyamanifestationoftheillsofsociety.Determiningtheanswerwillbefarfromaneasyproposition,butisnonethelessonethatdeservescarefulanddeliberateconsideration.需要回答的一个问题是：暴力与人类的天性联系更直接还是仅仅是社会恶习的体现？做出回答远非易事，而是值得仔细而审慎地考虑的事情。20.Fromthestandpointofsuccess,agoodworkethicisnolessimportantthananeducation.Successdoes,infact,dependonthetotalintegrationofbothaspects.从成功的角度来说，良好的职业道德与教育同等重要。事实上，成功的确建立在两方面完全融合的基础上。21.Thegrowingtrendforwivestoworkoutsidethehomeevenwhentheirhusbandsarepresentandemployedisinpartasharingofthefinancialburdenwiththehusband.andinpartareflectionoftheneedthesewomenfeeltohaveameasurablesenseofpersonalworth.越来越多的妻子到外面工作，甚至和她们的丈夫再一起工作，一方面是为了和丈夫共同承担经济重担，一方面反映了女性感到需要有可衡量的个人价值。22.Justashonorisaprerequisiteforrespectability,soisunblemishedcharacterabarometerofintegrity.正如声誉是可敬的前提条件，无暇疵的品格是正直的晴雨表。23.Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholderandthesameistrueforboththe

51appreciationofartandmusic.美在观察者的眼中，美术和音乐的欣赏也是如此。17.Thedirectcorrelationbetweenself-esteemandsuccessalsoappliestoone'sabilitytoachieve.自尊和成功的直接联系也适用于个人取得成就的能力。18.Improvingtheplightofteachersisindeedapriorityitem.However,improvingtheoveralleducationsystemislikewisenolessimportant.改善教师的困难处境的确是优先处理的一件事情。但是，改进整个教育系统同等重要。19.ChinaandUnitedStatessharemanythingsincommon.Firstly,botharemajorworldpowers.Secondly,thetwonationsoffermutuallybeneficialfactorsfordevelopment-Chinawithitsvastpotentialmarketandlaborforce,andtheU.S.withitsadvancedtechnologyandmanagementexpertise.中国和美国有许多共同之处。首先，两个都是世界主要强国。第二，两个国家相互提供发展的有利因素一中国拥有巨大的潜在市场和劳动力，美国拥有先进的技术和专业的管理知识。20.TheshakytruceintheMiddleEastbearslittleresemblancetotherealizationofultimatepeace.中东不可靠的休战与最终实现和平的相似性很小。21.Idlenessspawnsdiscontent,whereasoverworkleadstomentalandphysicalexhaustion.懒惰滋生不满，而过度工作导致精神和身体的疲劳。22.Largeandsmallenterprisesdifferinthattheformerusuallyinvolvesconglomeratesandthelatterprivateindividuals.大企业和小企业的区别在于前者通常涉及联合大企业，后者涉及私营的个人。

5217.Bothautomobilesandbicyclesofferaconvenientmeansofpublicconveyance,withoneofthemarkeddifferencesbetweenthetwocenteredonpollutioncausedbytheformer.汽车和自行车都提供公共运输的便利方式，两者的显著区别之在于前者引起污染。18.Alcoholandtobaccoarebothhighlyaddictivesubstances.However,unliketobacco,whichisknowntocausecancer,studiesindicatethatalcoholdoesoffersomehealthbenefitswhenconsumedinmoderation.酒和烟都是很容易上瘾的东西。但是，研究显示，与公认为引起癌症的烟不同，酒如果适量饮用确实对健康有益。19.Oneman*streasureisanotherman'sjunk.一个人的宝贝对于另一个人来说是垃圾。20.AIDSisnolongeroneoftheTop10Americankillers,butthesamecannotbesaidformanycountries.艾滋病不再是美国的十大杀手之一，但许多国家的情况并非如此。21.Individualismwasunheardofashort30-oddyearsagoduringthetumultuousCulturalRevolution.Thingshavechangedtoday,however,withcolorreturningtothestreetsofChinesestreets,peoplegainingagreaterdegreeofself-determinationandreformyieldingmonumentalchangesintraditionalpractices.人们在三十多年前混乱的文化大革命时期没有听说过个人主义。然而，今天的情况不同了，中国的街道上又恢豆了色彩，人们获得了更大的自主，改革带来了传统方式的巨变。22.Socialinequitiesofthepastarerapidlygivingwaytoexpandedsocialconsciousness.过去社会的不公平正在被扩大的社会觉悟迅速取代。23.Manyclaimthattheworld'shighlydevelopedcountriesbearsoleresponsibilityfor

53theplightofless-developednations.Iseriouslydoubttheircontentionswillbearthe

54bruntofclosescrutiny.许多人声称世界上最发达的国家应该对欠发达国家的困境承担全权责任。我非常怀疑他们的观点能经受住仔细审查的冲击。17.Althoughmediareportsexpoundonthevolumeofscientificandtechnologicalachievements,recentsurveysindicatethattherapidityoftransformingsameintoproductiveforcesleavesmuchtobedesired.虽然媒体详细报道大量的科技成就，但是，最近的调查显示，把它们迅速转化为生产力还需要做出很多努力。18.Thepopularbeliefintheinvincibilityofmanisconstantlyrebukedbyrevaluationsofman'sfallibility.认为人类无敌的普遍看法经常遭到重新评价人类易犯错误的特点的非难。19.Whiletheinclinationtoprocrastinateiscommon,onemustfullyconsiderthedetrimentalimpactofunnecessarydelays.虽然拖延的倾向是普遍的，但是人们应该充分考虑到不必要的延误造成的有害影响。20.Thetendencytotakethingsforgrantedisunderstandable,buttheneedforonetorationallyevaluatethecircumstancesofanysituationisabsolutelyessential.想当然的倾向是可以理解的，但是，理智地估计任何情形的情况是完全必需的。21.Mostpeopleareundertheillusionthatacollegedegreeguaranteessuccess.Thereisnosuchguaranteewithouthardwork.许多人错误地认为大学学位能保证成功。不努力工作就没有这样的保证。22.Somestubbornlyholdtothecorrectnessoftraditionalpractices,butinsodoingtheyseemtototallyignorethefactthatprogressdependsonchange.一些人固执地坚持传统做法的正确性，但是，他们这么做，似乎完全忽视了进步依靠变化的事实。

5517.Generallyspeaking,previousparliamentarypolicydebatesignoredtherelevanceoftransparency.总的来说，以前议会中针对政策的辩论忽视了透明度的重要性。18.Aprecisedefinitionofpovertyisactuallyverydifficulttodetermine.Wheredoesonedrawthelinebetweenthosewhoarepoorandthosewhoarenot?对贫困的精确定义实际上是很难的。如何在贫穷和非贫穷的人之间划•条界限呢？19.Admittedly,briberyandcorruptionareendemictoourpoliticalandeconomicsystems,butitdoesn'tnecessarilyfollowthatallpoliticiansandbusinesspeopleresorttoillicitbehavior.诚然，贿赂和腐败在我们的政治和经济系统中很流行，但这并不是说所有的政府官员和商界人士都采取违法行为。20.There'slittledoubtthatathirdWorldWarisavoidable,butitishighlyunlikelythatregionalconflictswilldisappearintheforeseeablefuture.毫无疑问，第三次世界大战是可以避免的，但是，在可预见的将来地区冲突消失是非常不可能的。21.Somepeopleassumethatinvestinginstockisasafepursuit,buttheirassumptionfailstoholdwaterwhenconsideringthesubstantialriskinvolved.有的人想当然地认为投资股票是有把握的事情，但是，考虑到涉及的巨大风险，他们的想当然就说不通了。22.Somepeoplehavecalledforacceleratedacross-the-boardchanges.Theirapproachquitefranklyignorestheneedforgradualbuteffectivechanges.一些人要求更快速的全盘改变。他们的做法的确忽略了渐进而有效的改变的必要性。23.Thereisundoubtedlyanelementoftruthinassertionsthatcapitalpunishmentisnecessary,butproponentsseemtoignorethefactthatthepracticehasfailedtodeter

56heinouscrimes.毫无疑问，主张极刑的必要性有正确的成分，但是，支持者似乎忽略了这种做法不能阻止令人发指的罪行这一事实。17.Manypeopleassumethattheextinctionofaplantoranimalspeciesisoflittleconsequence.Carefulexamination,however,revealsthattheextinctionofanyonespeciesdisruptsthefoodchain,andthelossofaplantspeciesleadstothedisappearanceofakeyingredientwhichmightyieldacureforcancer.许多人想当然地认为一种植物或动物的灭绝产生的后果很小。然而，仔细的考察揭示出任何一个物种的灭绝会破坏食物链，种植物的消失造成有可能生成治疗癌症的药物的关键成分的缺失。18.Atfirstglance,thecharacteristicsofBugsBUnnyseemcomical.However,acloserexaminationrevealsthecartooncharacternevercreatesaproblem,andinsteadsimplyhopesforquietandpeacefullife.Thissuggeststhatcartoonsmostoftenteachchildrenthedifferencebetweengoodandevil.乍一看，流氓兔的性格似乎滑稽。然而，仔细观察发现这个k通人物从不制造麻烦，相反，它只希望过安静平和的生活。这说明卡通在大多数情况卜教授给儿童好与坏之间的区别。19.Logically,callsforaNewWorldOrdersoundvalid,andIwhole-heartedlyagreewithsomepoints,buttheabsurdityariseswhenconsideringthattheworld's200-oddnationshavediverseagendaswhenitcomestodevelopmentanddiplomacy.从逻辑而言，要求形成新的世界秩序听似正确，而且我真心实意地同意一些观点，但是，考虑到世界上二百余个国家在发展和外交上有不同的议事日程，这种要求就显得荒谬了。20.Inspiteofclaimstothecontrary,itiscommonknowledgethatcorporalpunishmentmostoftenhastheexactoppositeaffectintended.尽管有相反的主张，但是大家都知道体法在多数情况卜产生适得其反的效果。21.Wewerebroughtuptobelievethattheroleofamanwastoprovideandtheroleofa

57womanwastocareforthehouseholdandfamily.Today,however,rolereversalisbecomingincreasinglycommonplace.我们从小就相信男人的角色市提供生活所需，女人的角色是照顾家庭和子女。然而，今天，角色的互换变得越来越普遍。17.Somepeopletendtotenaciouslyclingtothemisguidedconceptofracialsuperiority.Theirpersistenceindoingso,however,doesreadilyrevealtheinferiormentalityandsocialincompatibilityofcertainhumanbeings.一些人顽强地坚持种族优越性的错误观点。然而，他们坚持这样做正揭示了某些人自卑的心理和社会对立性。18.SomepeopleclaimtheefficacyoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)farexceedsthatofWestern-stylepharmaceuticals.Moreoftenthannot,however,theexactoppositeistrue.有的人声称中药的功效远远好于西药。但是，通常情况下，事实正好相反。19.Workerscommonlycomplainthatcausesforlabordisputesrestsolelyontheshouldersofmanagement.Quitelikelytheoppositeistrue.工人经常抱怨劳资纠纷的责任完全在管理者的肩I-.O很可能正好相反。20.Therearethosewhoclaimthatcompetitionbringsoutthebestinpeople.Otherscontenditsimplyforcesonepersontoprovehe/sheisbetterthananother.Advocatesvociferouslysupportonepositionortheother.Isuggesttheformerpropositionbearsgreaterrelevancethanthelatter.有些人认为竞争促使人们发挥出最优秀的东西。另一些人认为它只是强迫一个人证明他/她比别人更优秀。提倡者叫嚣着支持其中的一个立场。我认为前一个立场比后一个立场更恰当。

5817.Claimingsomethingistruemissesthepoint,whilepresentingverifiablefactprovesitscorrectness.声称某样东西是正确的没有什么意义，而提出可以证实的事实能证明它的正确性。

5917.Suggestingthatonething...isbetterthananotherthing...bearsnomoresignificancethaninsinuatingthatblackisbetterthanwhite.暗示件东西比另件东西更好比旁敲侧击地说黑比白好并没有更大的意义。18.Ignoringcauseandeffectisexactlythesamethingasfailingtolookbothwayswhencrossingabusyintersection.忽略因果就相当于横穿繁忙的十字路口时没有朝两边看。19.Onewhoadvocatestherightsofhomosexualsshouldnotbesurprisedbythebelligerentstanceofoppositionforces.主张同性恋者的权利的人对反对力量的好战姿态不应感到奇怪。20.Thegreatestproblemwithpoliticalandreligiouszealotsistheirtotalinabilitytoconsidertheviewsofothers.政治和宗教狂热者的最大问题在于他们完全不能考虑别人的观点21.Thebasicstumblingblocktoglobalpeacerestswiththeself-servingambitionsofmanynations.全世界和平的基本障碍物在于许多国家谋私利的野心。22.Theoveremphasisononeparticularaspectofaproblemoftenobscurestherelevanceofotherissues.过分强调问题的一个方面经常掩盖了其他方面的相关性。23.Anypresumptionthatsmokingisinanywaybeneficialistotallypreposterous.任何对抽烟不管怎样是有益的假设都是完全荒谬的。24.Thefallaciesofmanyargumentsarequiteobvious.

60许多论证的推论错误是相当明显的。

6117.Arbitrarilydismissingthedirectlinkbetweenincreasingsexualpromiscuityandtherapidspreadofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseswouldbefoolhardy.Anevenmorefoolishmistakewouldcenterondenyingtheneedforextensivesexeducationprogramsworldwide.武断地无视性乱行为的增多和性传播疾病的迅速蔓延之间的直接联系是鲁莽的。一个更愚蠢的错误是否认在世界范围内开展广泛的性教育项目的必要性。18.Thereisabsolutelynoreasonforustobelievethatabrighterfuturefortheworldisanimpossibility.我们丝毫没有理由相信，世界不可能会有•个更光明的未来。19.Meteorologistsoffercomputermodelsleavinglittledoubtthatthisyear'sElNinophenomenonhasdisappeared.气象学家提供计算机模型，充分证明今年的厄尔尼诺现象已经消失了。20.FactsprovetheunjustifiabilityofclaimsthatChinawillbeunabletofeeditselfbytheyear2020.事实证明：断言中国到2020年将不可能养活自己是不合道理的。21.PreviousexplanationsoftherisingdivorcerateinChinaaresimplyuntenable.Thefactisthatmanymarriagesweresimplybasedonconvenienceandwivesarenolongerwillingtoaccepttheabusivedomineeringattitudesofhusbands.以前对中国离婚率升高的解释是完全站不住脚的。事实是许多婚姻仅仅建立在便利的基础上，而且妻子不再愿意接受丈夫作威作福的态度。22.ClaimthatenteringtheChinesemarketoffersforeigncompaniesanimmediateroadtoprofitsaregrosslymisstatedandhavebeenprovenwrongtimeandagain.ThekeytoenteringChinarestswiththephraseology"vastpotentialmarket*',andhowlongoneiswillingtowaitforreturns.

62声称进入中国市场会给外国公司带来立即获利的途径是非常错误的，事实已经一次次地证明了

63这一点。进入中国的关键在于“广阔的潜在市场”这一说法以及为了回报愿意等待多久。17.Parentsarenotwronginenforcinggoodstudyhabits,buttheymustnotdosoattheexpenseofstiflingnormalchilddevelopment.家长把好的学习习惯强加给孩子没有错，但是，他们这么做不能以抑制儿童的正常发展为代价。18.Itisquitereasonabletoassumethatmodernscienceandtechnology(S&T)willcontinuetoadvance.ItisnolessreasonabletobelievethatS&Twillradicallyimprovethewaywelive.However,thesamereasoningcannotbeappliedtoimprovingsocialinteraction.假定现代科学技术将继续进步是很有道理的。相信科技会大幅度地改变我们的生活方式也是同样有道理的。然而，同样的逻辑不能用于改善社会上的相互作用。19.Beliefinthewondersofmodernmedicalscienceisquiteunderstandable.Itisalsoquitepossiblethatourfaithintheabilityofscientiststofindthekeyforprolonginglifearewell-founded.Yet,thewisdomofprolongingliferemainsinquestionwhenconsideringthealreadymassiveglobalpopulationandprojectedfuturegrowth.相信现代医学的奇迹是可以理解的。很有可能我们相信科学家能够找到延长生命的关键也是有根据的。但是，考虑到已经非常庞大的世界人口和预计的未来的增长，延长生命是否明智仍有疑问。20.Itisonethingtosupporteuthanasia,butquiteanothertoofferanyjustificationforgenocide.支持安乐死是一回事，为种族灭绝提供正当的理由是另一回事。21.Claimingtheneedforcensorshipisonething,butrationallyprovingitsredeemingvaluesrepresentsaquitedifferentissue.主张审行制度的必要性是一回事，理智地证明它的可取之处是完全不同的另一回事。22.ChancesarethatmanwilleventuallylandonMars.人类有可能最终登陆火星。

6417.ThelikelihoodforpeaceintheMiddleEastremainsquestionable.中东和平的可能性仍让人怀疑。18.Thenecessityfornuclearnonproliferationseemsclear.防止核扩散的必要性似乎清清楚楚。19.Itisperhapsmoreaccuratetoconsiderthefamilyasablanketofsecurity.ratherthanacloakofbondage.把家庭看作保护安全的毯子可能比把它看做束缚的斗篷更确切。20.Whilegeneralizationsaredangerous,itisquitesafetopresentsolidevidence.抽象概括是危险的，但是，提供确凿的证据是万无一失的。21.ItseemsalmostcertainthatChinawillachievethisyear'seconomicgrowthtargets.中国将完成今年经济增长的目标似乎是亳无疑问的。22.Reachingthisyear'sgrowthtargetsisalmostacertainty.达到今年的增长目标几乎是必然的。23.Theurgencyofthesituationmakesitnecessarytoreiteratethemonumentalproblemsofpopulationgrowth.情况的紧迫性使我们有必要重申人口增长的重大问题。24.Arecentstudyrevealedthesurprisingfactthatmanystudentspassexaminationsbyrelyingonnothingmorethanrotememorization.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatstudentsgraduatewithoutathoroughunderstandingofthesubjectmatter.

65最近的一项研究显示了一个令人惊讶的事实：许多学生仅仅依靠死记硬背通过考试。想到学生对主题没有透彻地理解就毕业了是令人震惊的。

6617.Needlesstosay,advertisingsellsproducts.Wherewouldwebewithoutit?Shelveswouldbeempty,consumerswouldhavefewchoicesandproductsinformationwoulddisappear.毋庸讳言，广告推销产品。没有它，情况将会怎样？货架将空空如也，消费者的选择将减少，产品的信息将消失。18.Theplaintruthisthatpeoplearemostoftenself-centered.明显的事实是人经常是以自我为中心的。19.There'slittlewonderwhyyoungpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttofindanappropriaterolemodel.Nowondertheydrink,smoke,fright,carouseandotherwiseengageininappropriatesocialbehavior.年轻人发现很难找到合适的榜样并不奇怪。难怪他们喝酒、抽烟、打架、狂欢作乐或者做出不当的社会举动。20.Itshouldcomeasnosurprisetolearnthatmanyabusedchildrenbecomeabuserslaterinlife.发现很多受虐待的儿童后来虐待别人不应该感到奇怪。21.Thereisprobablyagreatdealoftruthintheassertionthatunecrupulousbrokersaresalivatingatthethoughtofunsophisticatedinvestorsenteringthesecuritiesmarket.断言不道德的经纪人想到没有经验的投资者进入股票市场就垂涎三尺可能有一定的道理。22.There'slittledoubtthatChinahasspawnedanewgenerationof"LittleEmperors",butthetruthisthatthefaultrestswithparentswho"sparetherodtospoilthechild"andnotwithchildrenthemselves.毫无疑问，中国产生了新一代“小皇帝”，但事实是责任在于“闲了棍子，惯了孩子”的家长，而不是孩子自己。23.There'slittlejustificationforobjectionstosexeducation.Infact,evenaminimal

67introductiontoconsequencesofsexualinteraction(thebird'sandbee's)mighthave

68dramaticallychangedthelivesofmanypeople.反对性教育儿乎是没有道理的。实际上，最小限度的介绍性行为的后果（鸟和蜜蜂的）可能戏剧性地改变许多人的生活。17.Wecansafelysaythattheworldcontinuestoturnandthingshavechangeddramatically,butwecanneverclaimtheworldisasaferplace.我们可以稳妥地说世界在继续传动，情况发生了巨大的变化，但是，我们永远不能声称世界变得更加安全了。18.Wecansaythisandwecansaythat,butthemostimportantthingisnottosay,butinsteadtodo.我们可以说这说那，但最重要的事不是说，而是做。19.Dividedwefall,unitedweconquer.Thisdoesnotmeanthatconquestisthegoat,butinsteadthatunifiedeffortsyieldpositiveresults.分离就会垮台，团结就能征服。这不是说征服是目的，而是说团结•致的努力会产生积极的结果。20.Historicallyspeaking,ourancestorsplacedgreatemphasisonfilialpiety.历史上，我们的祖先很重视孝顺。21.Itdoesn'tfollowthatoneshouldabandonaworkableplansimplybecauseofminorsetbacks.Sodoingwouldquitefranklybefoolish.一个人不能因为几个小挫折就放弃一个可行的计划。这样做的确很愚蠢。22.Onecorruptpoliticiandoesnotsuggestthatallpoliticiansarebad.Anysuchpresumptionistotallymisguided.有一个腐败的政府官员不能说明所有的政府官员都是坏的。这样的假设完全是被误导的。23.Don'tgettheideathatmoneygrowsontrees,orthatthere'ssuchathingasafree

69ride.不要以为钱长在树上，也不要以为有免费的午餐。17.Alongwithinterestinmusiccomesagreaterawarenessofculture.伴随着对音乐的兴趣的是时文化更清晰的认识。18.It'snotthatIdon'twanttoberichandfamous.ObviouslyIdo,butjusthaven'tasyetfoundthewaytogetthere.并不是我不想致富成名。我当然想，但是还没有找到致富成名的途径。19.Iftheclaimsoftheothersideprovetrue,wemaybeforcedtoalterourposition.如果对方的主张被证明是正确的，我们可能被迫要改变我们的立场。20.Theurgentneedfornuclearnonprolifeationisundeniable.Moreover,failuretohaltthespreadofweaponsofmassdestructionincreasesthechancefornuclearholocaust.防止核扩散的紧迫性是不可否认的。此外，制止大规模杀伤性武器扩散的失败增加了核毁灭的可能性。21.Havingrecognizedtheproblem,itfollowsthatwemustdevelopaplanofaction.意识到了问题，接下去我们必须制定行动计划。22.Governmentshavereachedaconsensusontheneedforpeaceanditfollowsthatactionsspeaklouderthanwords.政府一致同意和平的必要性，接卜.去就是行动胜于语言了。23.Theconvincingproofthatsmokingcausescancerhasfailedtoconvincehundredsofmillionsofpeopletoabandonthevilehabit.抽烟致癌的有力证据没能说服数百万人改掉这一恶习。24.Trafficlawsareoflittleuseifdriverssimplyignorethemandlawenforcementdepartmentsfailtoadopteffectiveenforcementprograms.

70如果司机完全无视交通法，法律实施部门不能采取仃效的实施程序，交通法就没有一点儿作用。17.Agriculturalmodernizationcannotbeachievedunlessthegovernmentsubstantiallyincreasesfunding;farmersacceptadvancedagronomictechniques;andconsumersengagedinaconcertedefforttoreduceunnecessaryandexorbitantwaste.除非政府大幅度地增加投资；农民接受高级的农业技术；消费者共同努力减少不必要的过度的浪费，农业现代化就不能实现。18.Effectivefloodcontrolisnotonlynecessary,butisalsoessentialforprotectingthelivesofmillionsofChinesecitizens.有效地控制洪水不仅是必要的，而且对保护数百万中国公民的生命来说是必不可少的。19.Simpleexpressionsofindignationarenosubstituteformeaningfulactionstorightawrong.仅仅表示愤慨不能取代改正错误的有意义的行动。20.Evenmodestincreasesineducationallocationsarebetterthannone.甚至对教育拨款的适度增加都比不增加好。21.Theslightestmiscalculationsintrajectorycanspelldoomforasuccessfulspacemission.对轨道的细小的计算错误可以意味着对成功的太空任务的灭顶之灾。22.Anyonewithoneeyeandhalfsense(commonsense)knowsthatgoodprevailsoverevil.任何一个有一只眼睛和一半判断力(常识)的人都知道邪不压正。

7117.Itisimpossibletoreachappropriateconclusionswithoutaccesstorelevantinformation.没有相关的信息不可能得出相关的结论。

7217.Thefactremainsthattheconsequencesofdrugmisuseandabusecanbedevastatingupontheentirecommunity.实际情况仍然是误用和滥用药物的后果对整个社会都会是破坏性的。18.Respectisgivenwhererespectisdue.尊敬只给予值得尊敬的人。19.Itreallydoesn'tmatterwhetheracatisblackorwhite,butinsteadwhetherornotitcancatchthemouse.猫是黑是白真的不重要，重要的是它是不是能抓老鼠。20.Whatevertheoutcome,wemustresolutelyproceedwithourodjective.无论结果如何，我们必须坚定地继续为目标而努力。21.Howevergreatthewilltoachieve,andhowevergreatthedemandtosucceed,oneshouldneverabandonhis/hermoralandsocialconsciousness.无论成功的决心多么坚定，成功的要求多么强烈，一个人永远不能丧失他/她的道德和社会觉悟。22.Howeverpressingtheneedandurgencyoftheproblemoneshouldnotproceedwithoutaplausibleplan.无论需要多么紧迫，问题多么紧急，一个人不能没有看似有理的计划就开始行动。23.Risingcrimeisoftencitedasaprimeexampleofmountingsocialdecay.犯罪的上升经常被当作越来越严重的社会倒退的主要例子。24.BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,isaclassicexampleofsuccess.微软的创始人比尔•盖茨是成功的经典范例。

7317.Persistencepaysoff!AcaseinpointcentersontheongoingnegotiationsandanticipatedeminentresolutionoftheMiddleEastpeaceprocess.

74坚持不懈能取得好结果！一个恰当的例子是正在进行的关于中东和平进程的谈判和预期达成的引人注目的决议。17.Theadvertisementisaperfectexampleofmisleadingcontentdesignedtofoolconsumers.广告是为愚弄消费者而设计的误导内容的很好的例子。18.ThelandforpeacedealrepresentsaconcreteagreementwhichwillendconflictandbringstabilitytotheMiddleEast.达成和平协议的余地代表•个具体的协定，它将结束争端，给中东带来稳定。19.Weshouldgatheradditionalfactstosupportexisitingevidenceandillustratethecorrectnessofthecontention.我们需要收集更多的事实支持现有的证据，并证明论点的正确性。20.Afewmoreexamplesshouldbeaddedtohighlightthealreadyfamiliarfacts.还需要增加几个例子强调一经很熟悉的真相。21.WecanciteNelsonMandela'sexperienceasanexcellentexampleofovercomingadversity.我们可以把纳尔逊•曼德拉的经历作为克服困境的很好的例子。22.Historyaboundswithgreatmenworthyofadulationandemulation.历史上有很多值得称赞和效法的伟人。23.I,forone,willsteadfastlyresistanyattemptstojustifyviolenceasameanstoanend.拿我来说，我会坚决抵制任何证明暴力是达到口的的一种正当手段的企图。

7517.Takethe“GangofFour"asanexampleofagroupofzealotswhoattemptedtousurp

76powertoservetheirownpurposes.以“四人帮”为例，他们是一群企图篡权为自己的目的服务的狂热者。17.Racialcleansingservesasacaseinpointtoillustratethelengthssomepeoplewillgotoprovetheirsuperiority.种族清洗是恰当的例子，用来说明一些人为了证明他们的优越性而走了多远。18.Wecansafelyassumethattheindiscriminateactsofourgenerationwillhaveanadverseimpactonfuturegenerations.我们可以万无•失地想当然认为我们这•代人任意的行为将给未来的人造成负面的影响。19.Recurringthemesarereadilydiscernibleintheannalsofhistory.There*slittledoubtthathistorydoes,infact,repeatitself.在历史纪录上完全可以找到重复的主:题。实际上，亳无疑问，历史会重演。20.Numerousexamplesmightbecitedtosupportfallaciousclaims,buttheymostoftenlackarelevancetotheissueunderdiscussion.可能有很多例子支持错误的主张，但它们经常缺少和正在讨论的问题的相关性。21.Icanthinkofnothingbetterthananicecoldbeeronahotsummerafternoon.在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。22.Perhapsthere'snobetterexampleofhigh-levelcorruptionthanthecaseofformerBeijingMayorChenXitong.也许没有比前北京市市长陈希同更好的高层腐败的例子。23.Theairlinercrashisseenasmerelythetipofaniceberg.这次飞机坠落被看作仅仅是冰山一角（只是其中的一个例子）。

7717.Theimportanceofexercisetogoodhealthisonlyoneexampleofaspectsoflife

78peoplemostoftentakeforgranted.锻炼对健康的重要性只是生活中人们想当然的事情的•个例子。17.Justimaginehowgreatthewordwouldbeifwewouldonlyexhibitgreaterconcernforourfellowman.想象一下如果我们稍微多关心一下我们的同胞，世界将变得多美好。18.Supposewe'reonashipthathitsaniceberg.Doweflipacointoseewhogetstheseatonthelifeboat,ordoweresorttoviolencetoensureourself-preservation?假设我们在•艘撞到冰山的船上。我们会抛硬币决定谁上救生船，还是会诉诸暴力以求得自保。19.Let'sjustassumethatwe'vebeenlifelongfriendsandwhileyouhavefood,Ihavenone.Wouldyoushareyourgoodfortunewithme,orwouldyouletmestarve?假设我们是•生的朋友，你有食物，而我没有。你会和我分享食物还是会让我饿死？20.Justthinkofwhatwouldhappenifonenuclearpowerlaunchedapreemptiveonanother.试想一下一个核大国先发制人会出现什么情况。21.Therearemanyavenuestoexplorebeforewereachafinaldecision.在我们做出最后决定之前有很多可以探索的途径。22.Itisraretofindapersonwillingtototallyabandonthecomfortsoflifesimplytohelpothers.一个人仅仅为了帮助别人而愿意完全放弃生活的舒适是很罕见的。23.Weshouldpointoutthattheevidenceispurelycircumstantial.我们应该指出，证据完全是依情况而定的。

7917.Wemustadmitthattheoverwhelmingvolumeofindisputablecircumstantial

80evidencefaroutweighedthepresumptionofinnocence.我们必须承认，大量无可辩驳的详尽的证据远远压倒了关于清白的假设。17.Wehavetoacceptthefactsnomatterhowastonishingtheymightsound.无论它们听上去多么让人诧异，我们都必须接受这些事实。18.Wemustpointoutthatfeigningignoranceoftheplightofpoverty-strickenpeopleissimplyanirresponsibleactonthepartofignorance.我们必须指出，假装不知道穷人的困境完全是出于无知的不负责任的表现。19.Theapparentsuccessofthissummer'sfloodcontroleffortdoesn'talterthefactamassiveeffortwillberequiredtocompletethereconstructionprogram.今年夏天的洪水控制取得了明显的胜利，这并不能改变需要付出巨大的努力来完成重建工作这一事实。20.SomepeoplecriticizetheUnitedNationsforgrossfinancialmismanagement,buttheiraccusationsfailtodetractfromthefactthatthegreatestportionoftheorganization's1997budgetwentforhumanitaryanassistanceprograms.有的人批评联合国对总体财政管理不善，但这一组织1997年最大的一部分预算用于人道主义援助，这些人的指控无法从这一事实中得出21.SomepeoplecriticizetheUnitedNationsforgrossfinancialmismanagement,buttheiraccusationsfailtodetractfromthefactthatthegreatestportionoftheorganization's1997budgetwentforhumanitaryanassistanceprograms.有的人批评联合国对总体财政管理不善，但这一组织1997年最大的一部分预算用于人道主义援助，这些人的指控无法从这一事实中得出。22.ThecontinuingwantonlossoflifeprovidesamplejustificationforNATOinterventioninKosovo.大量生命的不断丧失为北约干涉科索沃提供了充足的理由。

8117.Ampleevidenceexiststoprovethathereditaryfactorscontributetoalcoholism.存在丰富的证据证明遗传因素是酗酒的部分原因。18.ThereiseveryreasontobelievethatChina'sresumptionofsovereigntyoverMacaoin1999willproceedsmoothly.完全有理由相信1999年中国对澳门恢复行使主:权将进展顺利。19.ThereisstrongevidencetoshowthattheholeintheOzoneLayerisexpandingatanalarmingrate.有确凿的证据显示臭氧层上的空洞正在以惊人的速度扩大。20.AllreliableinformationpointstothefactthattheY2KVirus(MillenniumBug)willcreatehavocwithcomputersystemsworldwideattheturnofthecentury.所有可靠的证据表明，2000年病毒(千年虫)在世纪之交的时候会造成全世界计算机系统的混乱。21.Statisticalevidencelendssupporttotheviewthatamassiveinfluxoffundingisneededtostrengthencrimepreventionprograms.统计数据证明加强防止犯罪的工作需要大量资金投入。22.Personalexperiencehastaughtthatkindnesstootherspaysuntolddividends.个人经验告诉我：和善地对待别人会得到数不清的好处。23.Casehistoriesshowthatallnationsfacerecurringperiodsofeconomicfluctuations.案例记录表明：所有国家都面临循环出现的经济波动期。24.Personalexperienceleadsmetoconcludethatallpeopleneedtotaketimetosmelltheroses(evaluateandappreciatethemanygoodthingstheyhaveintheirlives).个人经验使我得出这样的结论：所有人都需要有时间放松(评价并欣赏他们生活中许多美好的事物)。

8217.Recentstudiesconductedbydoctorsshowthatexcessiveexposuretothesun'srayscausesskincancer.最近医生所做的研究表明：过度暴露在阳光下会致癌。18.Nationwidesurveysconductedin1997revealedadramaticriseintheownershipoftelevisionsets,refrigerators,airconditionersandwashingmachines.1997年所做的全国范围内的调查显示电视机、电冰箱、空调和洗衣机拥有量大幅升高。19.Historytellsusthatmankindhasatendencytorepeatpastmistakes.历史告诉我们人类有重蹈覆辙的趋势。20.Wehaveamassedampleobjectiveprooftoshowtheurgentneedforcrisisinterventioninsuspectedchildabusecases.我们已经积累了充足的客观证据证明急需干涉可疑的虐待儿童的案件。21.Unfortunately,availableevidencefailstoestablishanydirectlinkbetweensmokingandcancer.不幸的是，现有的证据不能证明抽烟和癌症之间有直接的联系。22.Fortunately,mountainsofreliableevidenceprovesthedirectlinkbetweensmokingandcancerbeyondanyshadowofthedoubt.庆幸的是，大量可靠的证据证明抽烟和癌症有直接联系是毫无疑问的。23.Televisionviolencehascontributeddirectlytorisingcrime,asevidencedbystatisticsshowingadramaticriseincopycatcrimes.数据显示模仿的犯罪行为有大幅度的增加，这证明电视暴力是犯罪增加的一部分直接原因。24.Theintroductionofadcanceagronomictechniqueshascontributedgreatlytothe

83developmentofagriculture,asindicatedbystatisticsshowingincreasedoutputineachofthepastfiveyears.

84数据显示在过去的五年中，每一年的产量都仃提高，这表明发达的农业技术的引入对农业发展起到了很大的作用。17.Whileitmayappearthatthegapbetweenrichandpoorpeopleisnarrowingsomewhat,recentlyreleasedevidencesuggeststhattheoppositeistrue.贫富之间的差距看似有•定的缩小，但是最近发布的证据表明事实正好相反。18.Whileattainingworldpeaceremainswithintherealmofpossibility,theprevailingtrendrevolvesaroundregionalconflictsandinternalstrifeinmanycountries.获得世界和平是有可能的，但是普遍的趋势是存在地区冲突和许多国家内部的斗争。19.Althoughstatisticsarequiteoftenfarlessreliablethanonemightwish,otherreliableinformationallowsonetocloselyapproximateindustrialoutputfigures.尽管数据经常比人们希望的不可靠得多，但是，其他可靠的信息使人们能得到接近工业产量的数字。20.Althoughrandomsamplingusedformanysurveysfailstocoverlargesegmentsofthepopulation,theprocedurenonethelessoffersinsightintovotingandconsumptionpatterns.虽然许多调杏所用的随机取样不能覆盖大部分人口，但是这一过程使人们能更深刻地理解选举和消费的模式。21.Theneedformoregovernmentserviceshasprovedtobethecasetimeandagain.事实多次证明需要更多的政府服务工作。22.Thefunnythingaboutmarriageisthatthenewnesssoonwearsoff.婚姻的一个可笑之处是新鲜感马上就没有了。23.Thereareinstanceswhenonemustabandonthetendencyforself-preventioninordertoassistapersoningravedanger.

85存在这样的情况：为了帮助处于严重危险中的人，一个人必需抛弃自保的倾向。17.Therearesituationsinwhichit'shighlyadvisableforapersontocontrolhis/hertemperandkeephis/hermouthshut.有些情况下，一个人控制住自己的脾气并保持沉默是明智的。18.GonearethedayswhenChinesepeoplecouldexpectcradletodeathsupportfromthegovernment.中国人可以指望政府提供从出生到死亡的资助的日子已经不复存在了。19.Thedayswhenonecouldsafelywalkcitystreetsatnightaregone.•个人可以在夜里安全地走在城市街道上的日子已经过i了。20.China'spopulationalmostdoubledto1.2billionpeopleduringthe1955-1995,accordingtotheNationalCensusBureau.根据全国人口普查局的数据，中国人口在1955年至1995年期间儿乎翻了•番，增加到12亿。21.AreportbytheDepartmentofEducationestimatesthatthestudent-teacherratioinChinaisfourtimeshigherthanintheUnitedStates.教育部的一份报告估计中国的学生和老师的比例比美国高四倍。22.OfficialfiguresreleasedbytheMinistryofTransportationshowthatmotorvehiclefatalitieshavemorethantripledsince1995.交通部公布的官方数据表明机动车死亡事故从1995年起已经翻了两番多。23.WomenaccountedforlessthantwopercentofthetotalnumberofdeputiestotheNationalPeople'sCongressin1990,comparedwithalmost12percentin1998.1990年，全国人民代表大会的妇女代表所占比例不到总人数的2%,1998年大约是12%。

8617.Some140majorstate-ownedcompanieshaveeitherdeclaredbankruptcyorentered

87intomergersduring1998,upawhopping75percentonthetotalnumberforthe10-yearperiodbetween1985-1995.1998年，已经有大约140个大的国有公司宣布破产或被兼并，与1985年到1995年这十年间的总数相比超出75%。17.China's川iteracyratehasdroppedbysome60percentoverthepastfewyears,butnonethelessremainsatoneofthehighestlevelsforanydevelopingnation.在过去的几年中，中国的文盲率下降了约60%,但仍是发展中国家中较高的。18.Thesteadythree-yearannualriseintheexportratebetween1995-1997hasbeenfollowedbysteadilyfaillingpricesduring1998andthetrendisexpectedtocontinueindefinitely.1995年到1997年，出口率持续稳定增长之后，1998年，价格稳步下跌，预计这一趋势会无限期地持续下去。19.Itisessentialtoexamineeveryangleinordertofullyunderstandthenatureofaperplexingproblem.为了全面理解一个复杂问题的本质，必须从每个角度进行考杳。20.Wemustengageinthoroughdiscussionsinordertogainabettersenceofthemostappropriateandeffectivewaytoproceedwiththeproject.我们必须进行充分的讨论，以便更好地理解继续实施计划最合适和有效的途径。21.Wemustdevelopafoolproofargumentinordertoeffectivelyillustratetheurgencyofimplementstringentenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.为了有力地证明贯彻严格的环境保护措施的紧迫性，我们必须进行简单明了的论证。22.AcomparativeanalysisofthepositiveandnegativeaspectsoftheThreeGorgesProjectwillperhapsprovideuswithabettersenseoftheeventualimpactofthemassive

88watercontrolprogram.

89三峡工程利弊的对比分析可能会使我们更清楚地认识这一庞大的治水工程的最终影响。17.Incompatibilityprovidesonlyapartialexplanationfortherisingdivorcerate.Perhapsthemostsignificantfactorscenteronabuse,theimmaturityofonespouseortheother,andquitesimplythelackofthingsincommon.不能和谐相处只是不断升高的离婚率的部分原因。最重要的因素可能是某•方的陋习和不成熟，以及仅仅因为缺乏共同的东西。18.Thesuccessofacompanyisdirectlyrelatedtothecompetencyofitsmanagers.个公司的成功与它的管理人员的能力直接相关。19.Mentaldisorientationisbutoneofthemanyeffectsofalcoholconsumption.Anotherisanti-socialbehavior,andstillanotherisphysicaldeterioration.将神上的迷惑只是喝酒的众多后果之另•后果是反社会的行为，还有体质下降。20.Apartfromprovidingsheerenjoyment,musicprovidesonewiththeopportunitytoescapethedailypressuresoflifeandenteranaestheticworldofsensualpleasure.音乐除了带来纯粹的享受，还提供机会逃避日常生活的压力，进入一个感官享受的审美世界。21.InspiteofthecostsinvolvedspaceexplorationisabsolutelynecessarytosolvethepuzzlesoftheUniverse.尽管太空探索代价很高，但它对于揭开宇宙之谜来说是完全需要的。22.Ontheonehand,technologicaladvancesyieldbeneficialresults,whileontheothertheycreateproblemswhichthreatenourveryexistence.一方面，技术进步产生有益的结果，但另一方面，也制造了危及我们生存的问题。23.Thereareothersocialfactorsworthseriousconsiderationsinevaluatingthosespecialbehaviors.

90在评价这些特殊行为时，需要考虑其他的一些社会因素。