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内蒙古农业大学2011/2012学年第一学期微观经济学课程考试试卷(A）题号一二三四五总分分值1520202025100得分Pleaseprint.Iftheanswerisunrecognizable,itwillbecountedaswronganswer.YoushouldanswerinEnglishorChinese，numbers,orgraphs.GradeGraderⅠ.Concepts（3pointseach，total15points）1。Opportunitycost2.Externality3。Deadweightloss4.Competitivemarket5.DiminishingmarginalproductGradeGraderⅡ。TrueorFalseQuestions(2pointseach，total20points)（f)1。Ifappleandorangearesubstitutes，whenpriceofappleincreases,thenthedemandfororangedecreases。(f)2。Thepriceelasticityofdemandremainsconstantalongalineardemandcurve。《微观经济学》试卷（A）第1页（共6页）
1(t）3.Whenpriceceilingisbelowequilibriumpriceinacompetitivemarket,thepriceceilingisbinding,andthereisshortageinthemarket.（t）4.Totalsurplusisthevaluestobuyersminusthecosttosellers.(f）5。Whentaxedisleviedonthegoodinacompetitivemarket,thetaxrevenuegotbythegovernmentequalsthefallinproducerandconsumersurplus.(f）6。Iftheworldpriceofagoodexceedsthedomesticprice,thecountryshouldimportthegoodinsteadtoexportit。（t）7.Inthepresenceofanegativeexternality,QisthereforelargerthantheoptimumQ。market(f）8。Pricealwaysequalstomarginalrevenueforallkindsoffirms.（t)9。Demandcurveforamonopolyfirmisthemarketdemandcurve.（f)10.Inthelongrun,monopolisticcompetitivefirmsproduceattheirlowestaveragetotalcost。GradeGraderⅢ。SingleChoiceQuestions（2pointseach，total20points)(d)1。Ifthecross—priceelasticityofdemandfortwogoodsisnegative，thesetwogoodare？A.Luxurygoods.B.Necessities.C.Substitutes。D.Complements。《微观经济学》试卷（A）第2页（共6页）
2（a)2.Althoughbuyersandsellerssharetheburdenoftaxtogether,sellerssharemoreifthegoodis________A.Food。B.Clothes.C.Housing.D.Entertainmentgood.(c）3。Consumersurplusisthearea＿＿＿＿A.Abovethesupplycurveandbelowtheprice。B.BelowthesupplycurveandbelowthepriceC.BelowthedemandcurveandabovethepriceD.Belowthedemandcurveandbelowtheprice(a）4.Ifwedoublethesizeoftaxundertheperfectlycompetitivemarket，sothedeadweightloss_____________A.Isfourtimesastheoriginalone.B.Istwiceastheoriginalone。C.RemainthesameD.Mayincreaseordecrease。(b)5.Whichofthefollowingitemsisanexampleofpublicgoods?A.Fishesintheocean.B.Nationaldefense.C.Applesonahousehold’sappletree.D.Hotdogsinapicnic。()6。Iftheproductionfunctionhastheattributeofdiminishingmarginalreturns,theslopeofthetotalcostcurvewhichisassociatedwiththeproductionfunctionA.IncreaseswhenproducedquantityincreaseB.Decreaseswhenproducedquantityincrease。C.Remainsthesame。D.Maybeanyonementionedabove。(d)7。Ifthemarginalcostcurveisbelowtheaveragetotalcostcurve,_________.《微观经济学》试卷（A）第3页（共6页）
3A.Averagetotalcostincreases.B.Averagefixedcostincreases.C.Averagetotalcostachievesitsminimum.D.Averagetotalcostdecreases.（b)8.Ifacompetitivefirmachieveitslong-runequilibriumstate，A.Itsaveragetotalcostachievesitsminimum。B.Marginalcostequalsmarginalrevenue.C.Itgetszeroeconomicprofit.D.Alltheitemsmentionedabovearecorrect.(a)9。Theinefficiencyofmonopolyiscausedby_______A.Deficientproductionofmonopoly.B.Overproductionofmonopoly.C.Monopolisticprofit。D.Monopolisticloss。（a）10.Themeaningof“monopolistic”in“monopolisticcompetition”is______A。monopolisticcompetitivefirmfacesadownwardslopingdemandcurve。B.monopolisticcompetitivefirmcanfreelyenterandexitthemarket。C。monopolisticcompetitivefirmchargesthepriceasitsmarginalcost.D。monopolisticcompetitivefirmproduceatitsefficientscale.GradeGraderⅣ。Problemsforcalculation（total20points)1.Themonopoly'scostisafunctionofitsoutput，whichisC(Q)=Q2+12,andthemonopolyfacesthelinearinversedemandfunction:P=24—Q（total10points）（1)Calculatefollowingitems：marginalcost,averagefixedcost，averagevariablecost,averagetotalcost，andmarginalrevenue（5points)（2)Calculateprofit—maximizingoutput（2points）andprofit—maximizingprice(1point)，determineitseconomicprofit（2points)《微观经济学》试卷（A）第4页（共6页）
42.Thefollowingisthedemandscheduleforconsumersofwatchingtwoidenticalbaseballgamesinacity。Thebaseballfieldandbaseballplayersforthesetwoteamsarefreelyprovidedbythebaseballleague(total10points)Price（dollars）Quantitydemanded60510004200033000240001500006000（1）Ifitisaperfectlycompetitivemarket,determinethepriceandquantity。（2points）（2)Iftheduopolymakescollusiontobecomeacartel,determinetheprice，quantityandprofitforeachfirmiftheonlygoalforthemisprofitmaximizing。(3points）(3）Iftheyfailtomakecollusion,determinetheirindividualprofitifNashequilibriumisachieved.（3points）（4)Drawouttwoteam’sstrategiesabouttheiroutputsandprofits(Note：Usethechartofprisoner’dilemmashowninourtextbook，please)。（2points）GradeGraderⅤ.Shortanswersitems(total25points)1。Whyfirmsinaperfectlycompetitivemarketproduceattheirefficientscaleswhentheyachievetheirlongrunequilibrium?（5points）完全竞争厂商在长期内对全部生产要素的调整可以表现为两个方面：一方面表现为厂商进入或退出一个行业，这也就是行业内企业数量的调整；另一方面表现为厂商对生产规模的调整。完全竞争厂商的长期均衡就是通过这两个方面的调整而实现的。一、长期内厂商的生产调整及最优生产规模的选择在长期内,如果行业内的单个厂商可以获得超额利润，则会吸引其它新的厂《微观经济学》试卷（A）第5页（共6页）
5商加入到该行业的生产中来。随着新厂商的加入,行业内的厂商数目增加，整个行业的供给就会增加，市场价格就会下降，而且会一直下降到使单个厂商的超额利润消失为止。相反，如果行业内的单个厂商的生产是亏损的，则行业内原有厂商中的一部分就会自动退出生产。随着原有厂商的退出，行业内厂商的数目就会减少，整个行业的供给就会减少，市场价格就会上升，而且会一直上升到使单个厂商的亏损消失为止。最后，由于行业中的每一个厂商都处于一种既无超额利润又无亏损的状态，行业内厂商的进入和退出也就停止了，于是，完全竞争厂商便处于一种长期均衡状态。2。Whenacountryallowstradeandbecomesanexporterofagood，whowillbecomebetteroffandwhowillbecomeworseoffcomparedtothestatewithoutinternationaltrade，why？Pleaseusetheeconomicmodeltoexplainit。(5points)消费者剩余减少,生产者剩余增加,总剩余增加3.Comparethedifferencesandsimilaritiesamongperfectcompetition，monopolisticcompetitionandmonopoly。（Notes：usingtheappropriateeconomicmodelsissuggested;Featurescomparedincludethebasicattributesofdifferentfirms，ruleformaximizingprofit,howfirmsachievetheirmaximumprofits，theshort—runandlong—runequilibriumforthesefirmsandtheireconomicprofitintheshortrunandinthelongrun，15points）基本属性,最大化原则，怎样最大化，长短期均衡，长短期收入《微观经济学》试卷（A）第6页（共6页）
