2023年天津高考英语专题5年真题与模拟分项汇编详解 15- 阅读理解议论文 (原卷版)

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专题15阅读理解议论文序号内容训练1Passage1~6--5年真题过关训练2Passage7~22模拟能力提升（天津各区模拟试题）训练15年真题过关Passage1(2021年天津第一次)Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（视角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.51．Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto_____.A．narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB．avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC．knowmoreaboutthesocietyD．broadenhisperspectiveonlife52．ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto______.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1A．treasuretheirfreedomB．travelaroundtheworldC．spendmosttimeworkingD．enjoymeetingfunnypeople53．Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho_____.A．isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB．isapurespecialistinmedicineC．shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD．bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork54．WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A．Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B．In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C．Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D．Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB．SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC．TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD．WaystoBecomeaGeneralistPassage2(2020年天津第一次)Studyingasubjectthatyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevolutionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.ReadinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignorance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabouthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestionsaboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharlesDickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,anddiscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeunderestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.51．Theunderlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans__________.A．theturningpointinourhistoryB．thepresentstateofournationC．thelocationofourhomelandD．thetotalareaofourcountry52．Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A．Theproblemsatpresentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B．Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C．Thecurrentchallengesoflifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D．Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.53．WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A．Itisdifficulttogetridofculturalbarriers.B．Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C．Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoignore.D．Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.54．WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A．CharlesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.B．OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C．readingnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.D．studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB．WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC．KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD．History:aWaytoBroadenHorizonsPassage3(2020年天津第二次)Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countformuchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51．InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto________.A．proposeadefinitionB．makeacomparisonC．reachaconclusionD．presentanargument52．WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?A．Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B．Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C．Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.D．Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.53．Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A．Observetheunknownaroundyou.B．Developaquestioningmind.C．Leadalifeofadventure.D．Followthefashion.54．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A．Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomeanexpert.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4B．Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C．Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D．Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.55．Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A．CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB．ReflectionsonHumanNatureC．TheKeystoAchievementD．NeverTooLatetoLearnPassage4(2019年天津第一次)WhenIgraduatedfromhighschool,Iwantedtomajorincomparativeliterature.But,onceIfoundoutmyfriendsweregoinginto“real”majors,likemarketing,nursing,andengineering,IfiguredIneededtodothesametoensureagoodcareer.SoIchangedmymindandchoseBusinessManagementasmymajor.IforcedmyselftobelievethatIwouldenjoyitandsucceedinthefuture,buteventuallyIexhaustedmyselfunderstandingtheeconomyandtryingnewmarketingtechniques.Comingoutofthisexperience,Irealizeitisoktobedifferentfromothersandtostudythingslikeclasscs,arthistoryandothermajorsofferedintheCollegeofHumanities（人文学科）!The   worries   most   people   have   about   a   Humanitiedegree   and   finding   a   careerafterwardsarethatthemajorsaretooabstract,andonewillnotobtainanyapplicableskills.ActuallyideasdiscussedinHumanitiesclasses,whichareoccasionallydifferentfromwhatpeoplecommonlybelieve,offerabroadperspective（视角）.Howcouldoneeffectivelybeanunbiased（无偏见的）writerwithonlyaknowledgeofthepopularopinionofsociety?Howcouldonespeakpersuasivelyithclosedminds?Onlyseeingtheworldthroughasingleperspectiveleadstomissedlearning,missedfriendships,andmissedgrowth!Withabroaderperspective,wewlbemorefree,moreopen-minded,andlesslimitedinwhatwecanbecome!STEM(science,technology,engineering,andmathematics)graduateslearnactualskillsintheirstudie,whilehumanitiesmajorslearn“softskills”likecommunicatingeffectivelythroughwritingcriticallyandspeakingpersuasively,synthesizing（综合）ideasthroughgatheringandinterpretinginformation,anddevelopingculturalawareness.Dothosesoftskillssounduselessandinapplicabletoyou?Thinkofit.Howoftendoyoucommunicatewithothers?Produceideas?Encounterpeoplefromothercultures?Everyday.EverySECONDofeveryday.Sowhynotmastertheseskills?IfyouchooseamajorintheCollegeofHumanities,youwillbeneeded.Thejobmarketisquietlycreatingthousandsofopeningsaweekforpeoplewhocanbringahumanist’sgracetoourrapidlyevolvinghigh-techfuture.Yourskillswillbevaluabletoanyworkplaceyouhopetobein.Chaseafteryourdreammajorwithallyourenergy,nomatterwhatotherpeoplethink.51．WhydidtheauthorchooseBusinessManagementashismajoratfirst?A．Hewastiredoflearningcomparativeliterature.B．Hecametoenjoylearningmarketingtechniques.C．Hewantedtogotothesameuniversityashisfriends.D．HebelievedBusinessManagementwasmorepractical.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

552．Accordingtotheauthor,whatisapossiblewaytogainabroadperspective?A．Makingmorefriendsandlearningfromthem.B．Exchangingideasinaphilosophyseminar.C．Openingyourmindtofuturepossibilities.D．Gettingtoknowthepopularopinionofsociety.53．Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsdosoftskillsplaythemostimportantrole?A．Writingasoftwareprogram.B．Performingaheartoperation.C．Playingamusicalinstrument.D．Negotiatingwithabusinesspartner.54．TheauthorbelievesthejobmarketforHumanitiesgraduatesis.A．recoveringB．depressingC．promisingD．challenging55．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．SticktoYourDesiredmajorB．BroadenYourPerspectiveC．HowtoAcquireSoftSkillsD．Humanitiesvs.STEMPassage5(2019年天津第二次)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.51．ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat________.A．lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB．ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC．miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD．disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess52．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A．Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B．Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C．Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D．Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.53．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A．Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B．Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C．Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D．Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.54．WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A．Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B．Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C．Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D．Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.55．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage？A．Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B．Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C．Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D．Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.Passage6(2018年天津第二次)Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseenfromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you’llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild’sdayisfilledwithfascination,学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatweresharptousaschildrenbecomeunclear;wearenumb(麻木的）tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeitoccurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswithsomestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegancomplainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkedahead.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey’dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(痴迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbirdwatcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a"ruby-crownedkinglet"andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwasdoing.Thepressuresof"time"and"destination"arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmanyhikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.Itseldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat’saroundthem.Iaskedthemwhatthey’dseen."Oh,afewbirds,"theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhereitis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopenanewdimensiontoyourlife.z.xxk51．AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore____________.A．anxioustodowondersB．sensitivetoothers’feelingsC．likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD．eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem52．WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A．Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B．Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C．Tofollowtheteacher’sadvice.D．Toadmitmistakeshonestly.53．Thebirdwatchers’behaviorshowsthatthey__________.A．areverypatientintheirobservationB．arereallyfascinatedbynatureC．careonlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD．questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides54．Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A．Thenaturalbeautyisn’tattractivetothem.B．Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C．Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8D．Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.55．Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould__________.A．filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB．getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC．openourmindtonewthingsandideasD．tryourbesttoprotectnature训练2模拟能力提升（天津各区模拟试题）Passage7（2022·天津市咸水沽第一中学模拟预测）Asyouareprobablyaware,thelatestjobmarketsnewsisn’tgood:Unemploymentisstillmorethan9percent,andnewjobgrowthhasfallenclosetozero.That’sbadfortheeconomy,ofcourse.Anditmaybeespeciallydiscouragingifyouhappentobelookingforajoborhopingtochangecareersrightnow.Butitactuallyshouldn’tmattertoyounearlyasmuchasyouthink.　　That’sbecausejobgrowthnumbersdon’tmattertojobhuntersasmuchasjobturnoverdata.Afterall,existingjobsopenupeverydayduetopromotions,resignations,terminations,andretirements.(Yes,peopleareretiringeveninthiseconomy.)Inbothgoodtimesandbad,turnovercreatesmoreopeningsthaneconomicgrowthdoes.EveninJuneof2007,whentheeconomywasstillhummingalong,jobgrowthwasonly132,000,whileturnoverwas4.7million!　　Andasitturnsout,eventoday—withjobgrowthnearzero—over4millionjobhuntersarebeinghiredeverymonth.　　Idon’tmeantoimplythatoveralljobgrowthdoesn’thaveanimpactonone’sabilitytolandajob.It’struethatiftotalemploymentwerehigher,itwouldmeanmorejobsforallofustochoosefrom(andcompetefor).Andit’struethattherearecurrentlymorepeopleapplyingforeachavailablejobopening,regardlessofwhetherit’sanewoneornot.　　Butwhatoftendistinguishesthosewholandjobsfromthosewhodon’tistheirabilitytostaymotivated.They’rewillingtodothehardworkofidentifyingtheirvaluableskills;becreativeaboutwhereandhowtolook;learnhowtopresentthemselvestopotentialemployers;andkeepgoing,evenafterrepeatedrejections.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsdatashowsthat2.7millionpeoplewhowantedandwereavailableforworkhadn’tlookedwithinthelastfourweeksandwerenolongerevenclassifiedasunemployed.　　Sodon’tlettheheadlinesfoolyouintogivingup.FourmillionpeoplegethiredeverymonthintheU.S.Youcanbeoneofthem.65．Theauthortendstobelievethathighunemploymentrate______?A．deprivesmanypeopleofjobopportunities.B．preventsmanypeoplefromchangingcareers.C．shouldnotstoppeoplefromlookingforajob.D．doesnotmeantheU.S.economyisworsening.66．Wheredomostjobopeningscomefrom?A．Jobgrowth学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9B．JobturnoverC．ImprovedeconomyD．Businessexpansion67．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutoveralljobgrowth?A．Itdoesn’thavemucheffectonindividualjobseekers.B．Itincreasespeople’sconfidenceintheeconomy.C．Itgivesarayofhopetotheunemployed.D．Itdoesn’tmeangreaterjobsecurityfortheemployed.68．Whatisthekeytolandingajobaccordingtotheauthor?A．EducationB．IntelligenceC．PersistenceD．Experience69．WhatdowelearnfromthepassageabouttheunemploymentfiguresintheUS?A．Theyclearlyindicatehowhealthytheeconomyis.B．Theyprovidethepublicwiththelatestinformation.C．Theywarnofthestructuralproblemsintheeconomy.D．Theyexcludethosewhohavestoppedlookingforajob.Passage8（2022·天津河西·三模）WhenIwasyoung,afriendandIcameupwitha“big”plantomakereadingeasy.Theideawastoboildowngreatbookstoasentenceeach.“Moby-Dick”byAmericanwriterHermanMelville,forinstance,wasreducedto:“Awhaleofataleabouttheonethatgotaway.”Asitturnedout,thejokewasonus.Howcouldasinglesentenceconveytheessence(精髓)ofamasterpiecewithoverfivehundredpages?Blinkist,awebsiteandanapp,nowsummarizesnonfictiontitlesintheformofquicktakeslabeled“blinks.”Theendresultismorethanonesentence,butnotbymuch.SarahBakewell’s“AttheExistentialistCafé”isbrokeninto11screensofinformation;MichelleObama’s“Becoming”fills13.Blinkisthasbeenaroundsince2012.Itcallsitssummaries“15-minutediscoveries”toindicatehowlongittakestoreadaBlinkistsummary.“Almostnoneofus,”theeditorsassureus,“havethetimetoreadeverythingwe’dliketoread.”Well,yes,ofcourse,“Somanybooks,solittletime,”declaresaposterIonceboughtatabookmarket.ButIjudgethequalityofsomeone’slibrarybythebooksheorshehasyettoread.That’sbecauseabookissomethingweoughttolivewith,ratherthanspeedthroughandcategorize.Itoffersanexperienceasrealasanyother.Thepointofreadingabookisnotaccumulatinginformation,oratleastnotthatalone.Themostessentialaspectisthecommunicationbetweenwriterandreader.TheideabehindBlinkist,however,istheopposite:Readingcanbe,shouldbe,measuredbytheefficientuptake(吸收)ofkeyideas.No,no,no.What’sbestaboutreadingbooksisitsinefficiency.Whenreadingabook,weneedtodivein,letittakeoverus,demandsomethingofus,teachuswhatitcan.Blinkistisinsteadaservicethatchangesbooksforpeoplewhodon’t,infact,wanttoread.A15-minutesummary学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10missesthepointofreading;speed-readingwiththeappisn’treadingatall.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejokewasonus”inParagraph1mean?A．Wewereactuallyjoking.B．Wewerelaughedatbyothers.C．Wewereunderestimatingourselves.D．Wewerejustembarrassingourselves.2．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．WhatBlinkistis.B．WhyBlinkistispopular.C．HowtouseBlinkist.D．WhereyoucanuseBlinkist.3．Whatismentionedasaproblemaboutreadinginparagraph3?A．Therearefewnewbooksofquality.B．Manybooksarehardtounderstand.C．Peopledonothaveenoughtimetoread.D．Peopledonotlikereadingasmuchasbefore.4．Whatisanidealpatternofreadingaccordingtotheauthor?A．Obtainingkeyideasefficiently.B．Furtherconfirmingourbeliefs.C．Accumulatinginformationquickly.D．Deeplyinvolvingourselvesinbooks.5．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoBlinkist?A．Positive.B．NegativeC．Uncaring.D．Tolerant.Passage9（2022·天津·耀华中学一模）Smartphonesareourconstantcompanions.Formanyofus,theirglowingscreensareaubiquitous(十分普遍的)presence,drawingusinwithendlessdistractions.Theyareinourhandsassoonaswewake,andcommandourattentionuntilthefinalmomentsbeforewefallasleep.SteveJobswouldnotapprove.In2007,JobstookthestageandintroducedtheworldtotheiPhone.Ifyouwatchthefullspeech,youwillbesurprisedbyhowheimaginedourrelationshipshouldbewiththisiconic(标志性的)invention.Thisvisionissodifferentfromthewaymostofususethesedevicesnow.Inhisremarks,Jobsspentanextendedamountoftimedemonstratinghowuserscouldutilize(应用)itstouchscreenbeforedetailingthemanywaysAppleengineershadimprovedtheage-oldprocessofmakingphonecalls.“It’sthebestiPodwe’veevermade,”Jobsexclaimedatonepoint.“Thekillerappismakingcalls,”helateradded.Bothlinesdrewthunderousapplause.ThepresentationconfirmsthatJobsimaginedasimpleriPhoneexperiencethantheoneweactuallyhavemorethanadecadelater.Forexample,therewasnoAppStorewhentheiPhonewasfirstintroduced,andthiswasbydesign.Jobswasconvincedthatthephone’scarefully-designednativefeatureswereenough.Hedidnotseektocompletelychangetherhythmofusers’dailylives.Hesimplywantedtotakeexperienceswehadalreadyfoundimportant—listeningtomusic,placingcalls,generatingdirections—andmakethembetter.Theminimalist(简约主义者)visionfortheiPhoneJobsofferedin2007isunrecognizabletoday—andthatisashame.UnderwhatIcallthe“constantcompanionmodel,”wenowseeoursmartphonesasalways-onportal(通道)toinformation.Wehavebecomesousedtoitoverthepastdecadethatitiseasytoforgetthenovelty(新奇)ofthedevice.ItseemsincreasinglycleartomethatJobsprobablygotitrightfromtheverybeginning:Manyofus学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11wouldbebetter-offreturningtohisoriginalminimalistvisionforourphones.Practicallyspeaking,tobeaminimalistsmartphoneusermeansonlyusingyourdeviceforasmallnumberoffeaturesthatdothingsofvaluetoyou.Otherwise,yousimplyputitawayoutsideoftheseactivities.Thisapproachremovesthisgadget(小玩意)fromthepositionofaconstantcompaniondowntoaluxuryobject,suchasafancybike,thatgivesyougreatpleasurewhenyouuseitbutdoesnotdominateyourentireday.Earlyinhis2007keynotejobssaid,“Today,Appleisgoingtoreinventthephone.”Whathedidn’tadd,however,wasthefollow-uppromise:“Tomorrow,we’regoingtoreinventyourlife.”Thesmartphoneisfantastic,butitwasnevermeanttobethefoundationforanewformofexistence.Ifyoureturnthisinnovationtoitsoriginalrole,youwillgetmoreoutofbothyourphoneandyourlife.6．AccordingtoSteveJobs,whatwasthemainsellingpointofApple’sfirstiPhone?A．ItalloweditsuserstohaveaccesstotheInternet.B．ItwasactuallyaniPodthatcouldmakephonecalls.C．Itwasinstalledwithapplicationsbythird-partydevelopers.D．Itcouldfulfillpeople’sdesiretomultitaskintheirdailylives.7．Accordingtothearticle,aminimalistsmartphoneuserislikelyto________.A．expecttoreinventhislifewiththedeviceB．buythelatestmodelofiPhoneandseeitasaluxuryC．spendmoretimeworkingthanplayingwithhisdeviceD．removetheunnecessaryapplicationsfromthedevice8．Theunderlinedword“it”inthe7thparagraphprobablyrefersto________.A．thenativefeaturesofsmartphonesB．theinformationontheInternetC．thenoveltyofthedeviceD．theconstantcompanionmodel9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheminimalismofiPhonehelpsusersbringoutthebestofthedevice.B．JobsexpectediPhonetobethefoundationforanewformofexistence.C．Smartphoneusershavechangedtheirlifetoenjoypleasantexperiences.D．TheinventionofAppStorehasmadesmartphonesluxuryobjects.10．Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthearticlewasto________.A．tellreaderswhySteveJobcreatedtheiPhoneB．remindreadersnottobeaddictedtotheirsmartphonesC．showreadersthatsmartphonescangreatlychangetheirlivesD．encouragereaderstoblockInternetaccessontheirsmartphonesPassage10（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Courageisahighlyadmiredvirtue.Whenaskedtodescribecourage,mostpeopleconjureup(脑中浮现)theimageofanindividualrunningintoaburningbuilding,ormaybeaherosavingtheworld.Butthere'sanotherformofbraverythat'smuchmoreimportantbecauseitcomesupmoreoften.It'scalledmoralcourage.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12Moralcourageistheabilitythatallowsustofaceourfearsandtoconquerourdarkestfears.It’stheabilitytofacethefuturewithoutknowingwhatiscertain.It’stheabilitytostandtallandconfrontthosewhoopposeus,thosewhopreventusfromrealizingwhoweareandwhatweare.Butmostimportantly,it’stheabilitytostandupforwhat’sright,eventhoughtherearerisksthatstandinyourway.SaraAndersononcesaidthat"Ittakesgreatcouragetofaithfullyfollowwhatweknowtobetrue."Thepotentialofshowingmoralcouragehasthepowerofchangingtheworld.ItwasbecauseofthemoralcouragethatMahatmaGandhiwasabletomakeIndiafreefromBritishrule.Hefoughtbravelyagainstthemwithouttheuseofanyweaponbypresentinggreatmoralcourage.Inthisway,healsobecameagreatexampleforthepeopleofthewholeworld.ItisnotthatwerememberGandhibecauseofhisbodyorbeauty.Werememberhimbecauseofthegreatideasandprinciplesofhislife.Moralcourageisessentialnotonlyforanoblelife,butahappyone.Withoutmoralcourage,wehavenocontroloverourlives.Ourfearsdestroyourspiritandmakeustrappedindepression.MarkTwainsaid,“Courageisnottheabsenceoffearbuttheresistanceoffear,themasteryoffear.”Ifourfearscauseustoloseconfidenceinthepowerofvirtue,wewilllosesomethingveryprecious.Peoplewithmoralcouragerarelygetmedals,butitisthebestmarkeroftruecharacterandavirtueotherscanbeproudof.Wemusttrytodevelopthepowerofmoralcouragethatwillsurelyhelpinendinginjusticeandwrongandgrantusabetterworld.11．WhatisthemainfunctionofParagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Toproposeadefinition.C．Tointroducethesubject.D．Toprovidethebackground.12．Intheauthor’sview,moralcourageisnot_________.A．thewillingnesstofaceandconquerfearsB．thecapacitytosticktowhatisrightC．theabilitytoconfrontopponentsD．thedesiretocontrolwhoeveropposesyou13．WhatdoestheexampleofMahatmaGandhitellus?A．Moralcouragecanmakeadifferencetotheworld.B．Moralcouragemakespeoplefaithfullyfollowthetruth.C．Moralcourageisessentialforleadingahappylife.D．Moralcouragerestrictsgreatideasandprinciples.14．WhatcanbeinferredfromMarkTwain’swords?A．Courageisbeingbravewithoutanyfear.B．Courageisaspirittoovercomethefear.C．Havingafearcanlimitourfuturelives.D．Fearcanstopusfromachievingourgoals.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1315．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A．Toendinjusticeandwrong.B．Topursueexcellentvirtues.C．Tostrengthenmoralcourage.D．Tocreateabetterworld.Passage11（2022·天津·二模）In1910,theLosAngelesTimesranastoryaboutaboywhowaschargedwithopeningavalve(阀门)onawaterpumppoweredbyasteamenginetoreleasethebuilt-uppressure.Hiswholejobconsistedofstaringatthesemachinesallday,whichwasincrediblyboring.The“lazy”boytheninventedareleaseforthepumptorunjustasitshouldandwonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasborn.Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy’sbehaviorreflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoftensearchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessandsavetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandriveinnovation.Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothisinsight,changingourperspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeencreditedwithaquote:“Ialwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasywaytodoit.”Ourbrainsarebornforlaziness.Comparedwithourancestorswhohadtoconserveenergytocompeteforfood,fleefrompredators,andfight,wenowdon’ttakesurvivalasadailyissue.Itseemsnaturalthatwewouldchoosetobe“lazier”,buttheoppositehasoccurred.AccordingtotheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,Americanssleeplessandworkmorethanweusedto;productivityperworkerhasgoneup400percentsince1950.Ourcultureteachesusthatourworthdependsonhowindustriousweare,soweworkevenhardertoproduceevenmore.Butthere’sonebigparadox(悖论),sadbuttrue:Theharderwework,thelessproductiveweare.Whendemandincreases,wetendtopushharder.Yetthetroubleisthat,withoutanyrefreshandrecharge,wearelessefficient,makemoremistakes,andgetlessengagedwithwhatwe’redoing.Therefore,howcanwemakeourlabormoremeaningfulandourlivesmorefulfilling?Currentresearchinpsychologyandneurosciencepointstoanewunderstandingofthevalueofthewanderingmind.Takingbreaksandallowingyourthoughtstodriftcanhelpyourbrainretaininformation,refocus,andgainfreshperspective.Here’sthecoreproblem:Whenthetimefinallycomestoputourfeetup,weoftendon’tknowhow.Wehavelittletraininginhowtobeidle.Butatleastgiveitashot.Maybethisweek,noticesomedowntimeinyourday,somewhitespaceinyourcalendar.Insteadoffillingthespacewithmorework,justsitinthesofa,andbe,inthewordsofpoetMaryOliver,“idleandblessed.”16．Theauthortellsthestoryinparagraph1toprove______.A．thekidneedspunishingB．boredomenhancesproductivityC．creativitycontributestolazinessD．lazinessinspiresnewideas17．Howdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninthethirdparagraph?A．Bylistingsomenumbersofbeinglazy.B．Byquotingsomegreatfigures’words.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14C．Bymakingacomparisonbetweentwogreatfigures.D．Bygivingexamplesofhowtobecreative.18．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A．Peoplenowadaysdon’thavetofacepoverty.B．Modernsocietyhonorscreativity.C．Americanslivesapoorerlifethanbefore.D．Ancestorsconsiderindustryasavalue.19．Whichofthefollowingideawilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Working24-7withatightschedule.B．Takingthreepart-timejobstofillweekends.C．Watchingastand-upcomedyafterabusyweekday.D．Attendingaformaldinnerwithbusinesspurpose.20．Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.A．comparethepreviousunderstandingofidlenesstothenewB．persuadepeopletogiveupthevalueofhardworkC．criticizetheirresponsibleattitudetowardslifeD．encouragepeopletokeeprefreshedforbetterworkandlifePassage12（2022·天津河西·二模）Intheworldofonlineshopping,manyonlinepurchasesarebasedoncarefulconsiderationofstarratingsandproductreviewsleftbycompletestrangers.Butshouldyoutrustcustomerreviewswhendecidingwhattopurchase?Anddothesemysteriousreviewershaveyourbestinterestsinmind?Here’swhatyouneedtoknow.Consumerstodayareskeptical,saysZachPardesatreviewplatformTrustpilot.“Weliveinatimewhentrustiscompletelyunderattack,”Pardessays.“Sopeoplearereadingreviewsandconsumingthemmorethaneverbefore,butIthinkthereisahealthyskepticismattimesofwhatthey’rereading.Fakereviewsdoexist.Fakereviewsinclude,butaren’tlimitedto,robot-generatedreviewsandreviewsthatareinfluencedbytheseller.”Ofcourse,notalluserreviewsyoureadonlinearefake.High-qualityreviewsareavaluabletoowhenmakingavarietyorpurchases.PardessaysTrustpilotfeaturesateaminplacetodetectandremovefakereviews.Perhapsoneofthebest-knownreviewwebsitesisYelp.Yelptakesmeasurestoensure“highqualitycontent,”saysKatheenLiu,acompanyspokesperson.ThatincludesallowingYelp’scommunityofbusinessownersanduserstofagcontentthatmaygoagainstthesite’stermsofservice.Sinceuserreviewsdoprovidehelpfulinformation,reviewsasawholeshouldn’tberepudiated.Buthowcanyoutellthedifferencebetweenwhat’srealandwhat’snot?It’sclosetoimpossiblefortheeverydayconsumer.Butifyouconductyourinvestigationscarefully,youcanmakeaninformedpurchase.Checkmorethanonereviewsource.Pardesadvisesconsumerstoreadreviewsonmultipleplatforms.“Ifyou’reabouttobooka$10,000vacation,you’dneverrelyonlyonthephotosandthereviewspostedbythathotel’smarketingteam,”hesays.“You’regoingtowanttouseathird-partyindependentresource.”Readmorethanahandfulofreviews.Pardessaysthereis“safetyinnumbers.”Questionperfection.Pardessaysconsumersshouldn’ttrustreviewsthatshowonlyfivestars.“Nobody’sperfect,soyoucan’tpossiblyhaveaperfectfive-starreviewineverysinglecategoryofyourbusiness,”hesays.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1521．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A．Consumershavelosttrustinsellers.B．Consumersareofteninfluencedbysellers.C．Consumersoftenfailtorecognizefakereviews.D．Consumersarecautiousofproductreviewsnow.22．WhatdoYelpandTrustpilothaveincommon?A．Bothhireprofessionalstoratecompanies.B．Bothproducerobot-generatedreviews.C．Bothservemainlybusinessowners.D．Bothaimtoofferrealuserreviews.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A．Afakereview.B．Areviewwebsite.C．Themeasure.D．Thehigh-qualitycontent.24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“repudiated”inParagraph4mean?A．Overestimated.B．Dismissed.C．Hidden.D．Blamed.25．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howtogetthemostoutofonlinereviews.B．Thesignificanceofinformedpurchases.C．Wheretolookforreliablereviews.D．Thetruthbehindfivestarratings.Passage13（2022·天津红桥·二模）InaclassicepisodeofTheSimpsons,Homer’sclassreunionendsinshamewhenoneofHomer’sguiltysecretsisexposed:henevergraduatedfromhighschool.Togethisdiploma,hemustpassasciencetest.Ashesitsdowntoretaketheexam,heholdsoneofhistrademarkdialogueswithhisbrain.“Allright,brain.Youdon’tlikemeandIdon’tlikeyou.Butlet’sjustdothisandIcangetbacktokillingyouwithbeer.”Manyatruewordisspokenasajoke.HomerSimpson’sEverymancharacterreallyisanEveryman.Formostpeople,engaginginthekindofeffortfulthinkingthatisrequiredtopassasciencetestfeelstoomuchlikehardwork.Itissomucheasiertoquitandletthebrain’sautopilottakeover.Andnowonder.Evolutionhasblessedthehumanbrainwithallkindsofmentalshortcutsthatmakelifemanageable.Ifwehadtothinkabouteveryactionorweighupeverydecision,wewouldbreakdown.Asaresult,certainideasandmodesofthinkingcomenaturallytous,suchaseffortlessthinking.Butathugecost.Ourmentalshortcutsworkfineatthelevelofindividualsandsmall-scalesocieties,butinanincreasinglyinterconnectedandglobalizedworld,theyareadangertosociety.Effortlessthinkingisattherootofmanyofthemodernworld’smostseriousproblems:terrorism,hatred,inequalityandreligiousextremism.Allarecausedbypeopledisengagingtheircriticalthinkingandgoingwiththeirgut(非理性的)feeling.Everybodyiscapableofgutfeeling,butalsoofthecriticalthinking.Boththinkingstylesareneededtomaketheworldgoround.Unfortunately,thelatterrequirestrainingthatisunavailableorunappealingtomanypeople.Oneofthebrightspotsin2017wasthestartofamovementcalledtheMarchForScience.Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofscienceneedtokeeponmarching,orgivemorepowertopeoplewhodon’tmuchliketheirownbrains—orotherpeople’s.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1626．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoconveythroughHomer’sstory?A．Feelingisveryimportant.B．Drinkingbeerisharmfultoone’sbrain.C．Highschoolseniorsshouldworkhard.D．MostpeoplehateeffortfulthinkinglikeHomer.27．Howdoyoureadbetweenthelinesoftheunderlinedsentenceaccordingtothepassage?A．Mostpeoplewouldrathertelljokesthantellthetruth.B．Mostpeopledon’twanttotoilthroughscientifictests.C．Mostpeoplewouldlovetohavetheirbrainscontrolledbyapilot.D．MostpeoplelikeSimpson’sordinarycharacterarewillingtothinksimple.28．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Ourmentalshortcutsfunctionwell.B．Effortlessthinkingisexpensiveforpeople.C．Effortlessthinkingisdangeroustosociety.D．Peopleprefereffortlessthinkingtocriticalthinking.29．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcriticalthinking?A．Itmakestheworldgoround.B．Itneedsnecessarytraining.C．Itworksfineatthelevelofpersonalaffairs.D．ItleadstotheMarchForSciencein2017.30．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．CriticalThinkingIsUrgentlyNeededB．EffortlessThinkingIsOutofDateC．WeNeedtoMarchTowardsScienceD．ThinkingContributestoSocialProblemsPassage14（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）TheFrenchauthorJeanAnthelmeBrillat-Savarinoncewrote,“Tellmewhatyoueat,andIwilltellyouwhatyouare.”Putmoresimply,thismeans“Youarewhatyoueat.”Mostpeopletodayrelatethissayingtohealthyeating.However,Brillat-savarinwasactuallyreferringtoourpersonality,character,andculture.Certainly,inmanywaysthisseemstobetrue.Chinesecuisineisacaseinpoint.PriortocoiningtoChina,myonlyexperiencewithChinesecookingwasinAmerica,withChinesefoodthathadbeenchangedtosuitAmericantastes.Forexample,America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTso’schicken,whichconsistsoffriedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,favouredwithhotredpeppers.ThisisprobablynotanauthenticChineserecipe,however,soitcannottellusmuchabouttheChinese.Ontheotherhand,itdoestellusalotaboutAmericans.Ittellsus,forexample,thatAmericanslovebold(敢于冒险的),simplefavours.Later,IhadachancetoexperienceauthenticChinesefoodbycomingtoChina.WhenmyfamilyandIhad学科网（北京）股份有限公司

17justarrivedinShandongProvinceintheeasternpartofNorthChina,wewentlookingforagoodplacetoeat.Myfavouritedishtherewasboileddumplingsservedwithvinegar.Iobservedthatfamilyisimportanttothepeoplethere.IthasbecomeafavouritetraditionaldishofthepeopleinNorthChina,wheremakingdumplingshasalwaysbeenafamilyaffairwitheveryone—fromtheyoungesttotheoldest—joiningintohelp.Later,IleamtthatthemostfamousfoodinShandongispancakemilsstuffedwithslicedChinesegreenonions.OurtravelsthentookustoSouthChina,andthenontocentralChina.Ineachplacewewent,weexperiencedwonderfullocaldishes,fromGuangdong’selegantdimsum—smallservingsoffoodinbamboosteamers—totheexceptionalstewednoodlesinHenan.Everywhere,thefoodwasasvariedasthepeople.However,onethingisalwaystrue:Throughfood,Chinesepeopleeverywhereshowfriendshipandkindness.Ataminimum,thekindsoffoodlocalpeopleconsumetelluswhattheygrowintheirregion,whatkindsoflivestheylead,andwhattheylikeanddonotlike.Couldwealsosay,forexample,thatthosewholikeboldflavoursareboldthemselves?Or,thatthosewholikespicyfoodtendtohaveahottemper?Maybe.Maybenot.Whatwecansay,however,isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand,andifyoudonotexperienceone,youcanneverreallyknowtheother.31．Whydoestheauthormention“youarewhatyoueat”inParagraph1?A．Tointroducethethemeofthearticle.B．Topersuadepeopletoeathealthyfood.C．Toshowtheimpactoffoodonhealth.D．Toproveculturehaslittletodowithcuisine.32．WhatdoestheauthorfindfromeatingdumplingsinShandong?A．Dumplingshavetobeeatenwithvinegar.B．DumplingsarethemostpopularinShandong.C．EveryoneinShandongcanmakedumplings.D．Makingdumplingsisafamilygathering.33．WhatdoestheauthorfinddifferentpeopleinChinahaveincommon?A．Theyareallparticularaboutfood.B．Theyareallgoodatmakingfood.C．Theyallshowfriendshipandkindness.D．Theyareallproudoftheirfoodandculture.34．Whatistheauthor’sopinionaboutcultureandcuisine?A．Cuisinehasnothingtodowithculture.B．Thefoodsapersoneatscanreflecthispersonalityvividly.C．Cultureandcuisinearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.D．Cuisineonlyshowswhatpeoplegroworraiseintheirregion.Passage15（2022·天津市新华中学模拟预测）Whydoessocialmediatriggerfeelingsoflonelinessandinadequacy?Becauseinsteadofbeingreallife,itis,forthemostpart,impressionmanagement,awayofmarketingyourself,carefullychoosingandfilteringthepictureandwordstoputyourbestfaceforward.Online“friends”madethroughsocialmediadonotfollowthenormalpsychologicalprogressionofainterpersonalrelationship.YoushareneitherphysicaltimenoremotionalconversationsovertheInternet.Yousimplycommunicatephotographsandcatchypoststoadiversegroupofpeoplewhomyouhave“friended”or“followed”basedonanaccidentalinteraction.Thisisnottosaythatyoursocialmediafriendscan'tberealfriends.Theyabsolutelycan,butthetwoarenotthesame.Generallyspeaking,therearenounfilteredcommentsandcasuallytakenphotosonoursocialmediapages.And,rightfullyso,becauseitwouldn'tfeelsafetobe学科网（北京）股份有限公司

18completelyauthenticandvulnerablewithsomeofour“friends”whomwedon'tactuallyknoworwithwhomtrusthasyettobebuilt.Socialmediacancertainlybeanescapefromthedailyroutines,butwemustbecautionedagainstthenegativeeffects,suchasaddiction,onaperson'soverallpsychologicalwell-being.Ashumans，weareeagerforsocialconnection.Scrolling(滚动)throughpagesofpicturesandcomments,however,doesnotprovidethesamedegreeoffulfillmentasfacetofaceinteractionsdo.Also,wetendtoidealizeothers'livesandcompareourdownfallstotheirgreatestaccomplishments,endinginfeelingsoflonelinessandinadequacy.Socialmediacanleadpeopleontheunhealthyquestforperfection.Somepeoplebegintoattendcertaineventsortraveltodifferentplacessothattheycansnapthat“perfect”photo.Theybegintoseekvalidationthroughthenumberofpeoplewho“like”theirposts.Inorderforittoplayapsychologicallyhealthyroleinyoursociallife,socialmediashouldsupplementanalreadyhealthysocialnetwork.Picturesandpostsshouldbebyproductsoflife'streasuredmomentsandfuntimes,nottheplannedandcalculatedimagethatoneisputtingoutintocyberspaceinanattempttofillinsecuritiesorunmetneeds.Ultimately,socialmediahasincreasedourabilitytoconnectwithvarioustypesofpeopleallovertheglobe.Ithasopeneddoorsforbusinessandallowedustostayconnectedtopeoplewhomwemaynototherwisegettofollow.However,socialmediashouldfeellikeafunexperience,notonethatcontributestonegativethoughtsandfeelings.Ifthelatteristhecase,increasingfacetofacetimewithtrustedfriends,andminimizingtimescrollingonline,willprovetobeareminderthatyoursocialnetworkismuchmorerewardingthanany“like”,“follow”or“share”canbe.35．Whatdoestheauthorimplysocialmediamaydotoourlife?A．Itmayfacilitateourinterpersonalrelationships.B．Itmayfilterournegativeimpressionsofothers.C．Itmaymakeusfeelisolatedandincompetent.D．Itmayrenderusvulnerableandinauthentic.36．Whydopeoplepostcommentsselectivelyonsocialmedia?A．Theydonotfindalltheironlinefriendstrustworthy.B．Theydonotwanttolosetheirfollowers.C．Theywanttoavoidoffendinganyoftheiraudience.D．Theyareeagertoboosttheirpopularity.37．Whatarehumansinclinedtodoaccordingtothepassage?A．Exaggeratetheirlife'saccomplishments.B．Striveforperfectionregardlessofthecost.C．Paintarosypictureofotherpeople'slives.D．Learnlessonsfromotherpeople'sdownfalls.38．Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodowhentheyfindtheironlineexperienceunconstructive?A．Usesocialmediatoincreasetheirabilitytoconnectwithvarioustypesofpeople.B．Stayconnectedtothosewhomtheymaynototherwisegettoknowandbefriend.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

19C．Trytopreventnegativethoughtsandfeelingsfromgettingintotheonlinepages.D．Strengthentieswithreal-lifefriendsinsteadofcaringabouttheironlineimage.Passage16（2022·天津·模拟预测）Gonearethedayswhenamother’splacewasinthehome:inBritainwomenwithchildrenarenowaslikelytobeinpaidworkastheirunburdenedsisters.Manyputtheirlittledarlingsindaycarelongbeforetheystartschool.Mindfulthatapoorstartcanspoilaperson’schancesofsuccesslaterinlife,thestatehasintervenedevermorecloselyinhowbabiesandtoddlersarelookedafter.Inspectorscallnotonlyatnurseriesbutalsoathomeswhereyoungstersareminded;three-year-oldsfollowthenationalcurriculum.Childcarehasincreasinglybecomeaprofession.Foryearsafterthegovernmentfirstbeganin2001totwistthearmsofanyonewholookedafteranunrelatedchildtoregisterwiththeschools,thenumberssodoingfell.Kindbutcluelessneighboursstoppedlookingafterlittleones,whowereinsteadherdedintoformalnurseriesorhandedovertooneoftheever-fewerregisteredchild-minders.Thedeclineinthenumberofpeopletakinginchildrennowappearstohavehalted.AccordingtodatareleasedbytheOfficeforStandardsinEducationonOctober27th,thenumberofregisteredchild-mindersreacheditslowestpointinSeptember2010andhassincerecoveredslightly.Thenewlotarecertainlybetterqualified.In2010fully82%ofnurseryworkershelddiplomasnotionallyequivalenttoA-levels,theuniversity-entranceexamstakenmostlyby18-year-olds,upfrom56%sevenyearsearlier,saysAnandShuklaoftheDaycareTrust,acharity.Nurseriesstaffedbyuniversitygraduatestendtoberatedhighestbyinspectors,increasingtheirappealtothepickiestparents.Asaresult,moregraduatesarebeingrecruited.Butprofessionalizationhasalsopushedupthepriceofchildcare,defyingeventheeconomicdepression.AsurveybytheDaycareTrustfindsthatafull-timenurseryplaceinEnglandforachildagedundertwo,whomustbeintensivelysupervised,costs£194($310)perweek,onaverage.PricesinLondonandthesouth-eastarefarhigher.ParentsinBritainspendmoreonchildcarethananywhereelseintheworld,accordingtotheOECD,athink-tank.Some68%ofatypicalsecondearner'snetincomeisspentonfreeinghertowork,comparedwithanOECDaverageof52%.Thepriceofchildcareisnotonlyeye-watering,buthasalsobecomeabarriertowork.Soonafterittookpowerthecoalitiongovernmentpledgedtoensurethatpeoplearebetteroffinworkthanonbenefits,butarecent学科网（北京）股份有限公司

20surveybySavetheChildren,acharity,foundthatthehighcostofdaycarepreventedaquarteroflow-paidworkersfromreturningtotheirjobsoncetheyhadstartedafamily.Thegovernmentpaysforfreepart-timenurseryplacesforthree-andfour-year-olds,andcontributestowardsday-carecostsforyoungerchildrenfrompoorareas.Alas,extendingsuchanaidduringstressfuleconomictimeswouldappeartobeanythingbutchild’splay.39．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Nurseryeducationplaysaleadingroleinone’spersonalgrowth.B．Pregnantwomenhavetoworktolightenfamilies’economicburden.C．Childreninnurseryhavetotakeuniformnationcourses.D．Thesupervisionofthestatemakeschildcareprofessional.40．ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2and3that___________.A．theregisteredchild-mindersarerequiredtotaketheuniversity-entranceexamsB．thenumberofregisteredchild-mindershasbeendecliningsince2001C．anyonewholooksafterchildrenathomemustregisterwiththeschoolsD．thegrowingrecognitionencouragesmoregraduatestoworkaschild-minders41．Thehighpriceofchildcare__________.A．preventsmothersfromgettingemployedB．mayfurtherdepressthenationaleconomyC．makesmanyfamiliesliveonbenefitsD．isfarmorethanparentscanafford42．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheprofessionalizationofchildcare?A．Objective.B．Skeptical.C．Supportive.D．Biased.43．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?A．Theprofessionalizationofchildcarehaspushedupitsprice.B．Thehighcostofchildnursingmakesmanymothersgiveuptheirjobs.C．Theemploymentofmoregraduatesmakesnurseriesmorepopular.D．ParentsinBritainpaymostforchildnursingthroughouttheworld.Passage17（2022·天津·模拟预测）Mostchildrenlookforwardtolearningtoread,aprocesswherebytheylearntotransformwhatareessentiallyabstracthandwritingonapageintomeaningfulletters,thensounds,thenwords,andthenentiresentencesandparagraphs.Readingrepresentsacode(密码):specifically,analphabeticcode.Agreatnumberofchildrenareabletobreakthecodeafterayearofinstruction.Foratleastoneinfivechildren,however,theexperienceisverydifferent.Forthem,reading,whichseemstocomeeffortlesslyforothers,appearstobebeyondtheirgrasp.Thesechildren,whounderstandthespokenwordandlovetolistentostories,struggletounderstandthesamewordswhentheyarewrittenonapage.Theyreadslowlyanduncertainly,andwordsthattheyreadcorrectlyinonesentencemaybemisreadinafollowingsentence.Readingaloudmaybeparticularlypainful.Eventuallythey学科网（北京）股份有限公司

21growfrustratedanddisappointed.Intheclassroom,readingisking;itisessentialforacademicsuccess.Teachers,witnessingthegapbetweengoodandpoorreaderswidening,maywonderwhattheyorthesechildrenmightbedoingwrong.Parents,knowingthatreadingproblemshaveconsequencesallacrossdevelopmentincludingintoadultlife,questionthemselves,feelingalternatelyguiltyandangry.Theworstthingparentscandoiftheysuspectthattheirchildhasareadingproblemistodonothing,saysneuroscientist(神经科学家)Dr.SallyShaywitz.Thus,ifyouobservethesigns,startbyspeakingtoyourchild’steacher.Shaywitzofferssometipsthatwillhelpparentsmakethemostoftheirmeetingwiththeteacher:▶Beforesettingupameeting,itoftenhelpstolistyourobservationsandyourconcerns.Parentsareoftensonervouswhenspeakingtotheirchild’steacherthattheyforgetwhytheywereworried.Theteacherwillappreciatehavingsuchalistaswell.▶Setupaspecifictimetospeaktoyourchild’steacher;don’tcatchherontherun.▶Findouthowyourchildisprogressinginreading,askforspecifics.Confirmexactlyhowtheirreadingprogressisbeingmeasured.▶Askwhatreadinggroupyourchildisinandwhatlevelthatreadergrouprepresents,andhowtheycomparetoothersintheirclassandintheirgrade.▶Askwhattheteacherpredictsforyourchild’sprogressbytheendoftheschoolyear.44．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．Readinganalphabeticcodeishard.B．Mostchildrenliketoreadabstractletters.C．Somechildrenhavedifficultiesinreading.D．Fewchildrencanunderstandthecodeafterayearofinstruction.45．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Readingisnotaseasyforsomechildrenasitisforothers.B．Allthechildrencanunderstandspokenandwrittenlanguage.C．Althoughchildrenwithreadingdifficultyreadslowly,theyreadcorrectly.D．Thechildrenbecomefrustratedandunhappybecausetheywillhavetoreadaloud.46．WhatdoesParagraph4focuson?A．Thecorrectwaytodealwithchildren’sreadingdifficulties.B．Theimportanceofobservingchild’sbehavior.C．Dr.SallyShaywitz—afamousneuroscientist.D．Theworstthingparentscandowhenitcomestotheirchild’sreadingproblems.47．Theunderlinedpart“don’tcatchherontherun”probablymeans“________”.A．don’trunafterherB．don’ttalktoherwhilerunningC．don’tspeaktoherwhilesheisbusyD．don’tcatchherassherunsaway48．Ifparentswanttomeetwiththeirchild’steacher,theyshould________.A．arrangethemeetingattheendoftheschoolyear学科网（北京）股份有限公司

22B．askabouttheirchild’sreadingstatusatschoolC．asktheteachertotakemeasurestoimprovetheirchild’sreadingabilityD．makealistofquestionsafterthemeetingPassage18（2022·天津经济技术开发区第一中学二模）Bynowyou’veprobablyheardaboutthe“you’renotspecial”speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony—andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheinternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturingwords.Butlostintheangerandprotestwassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.Suchinflated(膨胀的)self-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudy,andit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously.Ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirself-evaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithco-authorJustinKruger,sufferfroma"dualburden":they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirwryineptness(笨拙)preventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomoftheheapontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor"extremelyoverestimated"theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile,theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked(inadditiontoclearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor)was"metacognitiveskill"(元认知技巧):thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadox(悖论)here,theauthorsnote:“Theskillsthatdevelopcompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatdomain."Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe’redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind(两难).First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement(毕业典礼)speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2349．Theunderlinedphrase"tookissuewith"inparagraph1mostprobablymeans.A．totallyapprovedofB．disagreedwithC．fullyunderstoodD．helddiscussionabout50．Theauthorthinkstheproblemthatshouldn'tbeoverlookedisthat.A．wedon’tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornotB．youngpeoplecan'treasonablydefinethemselvesC．norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetterD．wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged51．WhichisNOTmentionedaboutpoorstudentsaccordingtothepassage?A．Theylackthecapacitytomonitorhowwelltheyareperforming.B．Theyusuallygivethemselveshighscoresinself-evaluations.C．Theytendtobeunabletoknowexactlyhowbadtheyare.D．Theyareintelligentlyinadequateintestsandexams.52．Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents.A．arenotconfidentabouttheirlogicandgrammarB．tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfieldsC．don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstringentself-judgmentD．isverycarefulabouttheirself-evaluationsbecausetheyhavetheirownlimits53．Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat.A．thebestwaytorecognizeexcellenceistostudypastsuccessandfailureB．throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefailsC．weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothersD．neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial54．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SpecialorNot?TeachKidsToFigureItOutB．Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecialC．TipsOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecialD．TellTheTruth:KidsOverestimatetheirTalentsPassage19（2022·天津市滨海新区大港油田实验中学模拟预测）Blindimitation(模仿)isself-destruction.Tothosewhodonotrecognizetheiruniqueworth,imitationappearsattractive;tothosewhoknowtheirstrength,imitationisunacceptable.Intheearlystagesofskillorcharacterdevelopment,imitationishelpful.WhenIfirstlearnedtocook,Iusedrecipes(菜谱)andturnedoutsometastydishes.ButsoonIgrewbored.Whyfollowsomeoneelse’swayofcookingwhenIcouldcreatemyown?Imitatingrolemodelsislikeusingtrainingwheelsonachild’sbicycle;theyhelpyougetgoing,butonceyoufindyourownbalance,youflyfasterandfartherwithoutrelyingonthem.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

24Indailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwesubconsciously(下意识地)holdpoorrolemodels.If,asachild,youobservedpeoplewhoseliveswerebad,youmayhaveacceptedtheirfearandpainasnormalandgoneontofollowwhattheydid.Ifyoudonotmakestrongchoicesforyourself,youwillgettheresultsoftheweakchoicesofothers.Inthefieldofentertainment,ourcultureglorifiescelebrities.Thosestarslookgreatonscreen.Butwhentheystepoffscreen,theirpersonallivesmaybedisastrous.Ifyouaregoingtofollowsomeone,focusontheirtalent,nottheirbadcharacterorunacceptablebehaviors.Blessedisthepersonwillingtoactontheirsuddendesiretocreatesomethingunique.Thinkofthemovies,books,teachers,andfriendsthathaveaffectedyoumostdeeply.Theytouchedyoubecausetheircreationsweremotivatedbyinspirationnotdesperation.Theworldischangednotbythosewhodowhathasbeendonebeforethem,butbythosewhodowhathasbeendoneinsidethem.Creativepeoplehaveanendlessresourceofideas.Theproblemacreatorfacesisnotrunningoutofmaterial;itiswhattodowiththematerialknockingatthedoorofimagination.Studyyourolemodels,acceptthegiftstheyhavegiven,andleavebehindwhatdoesnotserveryou.Thenyoucansay,“Istandontheshouldersofmyancestors’tragediesanddeclarevictory,andknowthattheyarecheeringon.”55．Imitationprovesusefulwhenyou.A．knowyouareuniqueB．losethebalanceoflifeC．begintolearnsomethingnewD．gettiredofroutinepractice56．Toavoidthebadresultofimitation,weshould.A．forgetdailyfearandpainB．choosetherightexampleC．askothersfordecisionsD．stayawayfromstars57．Accordingtotheauthor,theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoare.A．desperatetoinfluenceotherswiththeirknowledgeB．readytoturntheiroriginalideasintorealityC．eagertodiscoverwhattheirancestorsdidD．willingtoacceptothers'ideas58．Thetroubleacreatorfacesis.A．thelackofstrongmotivationB．theabsenceofpracticalideasC．howtosearchformorematerialsD．howtouseimaginationcreatively59．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Tohighlighttheimportanceofcreatively.B．Tocriticizethecharactersofrolemodels.C．Tocompareimitationwithcreation.D．Toexplainthemeaningofsuccess.Passage20学科网（北京）股份有限公司

25（2022·天津市新华中学一模）Forthosewhomakejourneysacrosstheworld,thespeedoftraveltodayhasturnedthecountriesintoaseriesofvillages.Distancesbetweenthemappearnogreatertoamoderntravelerthanthosewhichoncefacedmenastheywalkedfromvillagetovillage.Jetplanesflypeoplefromoneendoftheearthtotheother,allowingthemafreedomofmovementundreamtofahundredyearsago.　　Yetsomepeoplewonderiftherevolutionintravelhasgonetoofar.Apricehasbeenpaid,theysay,fortheconquest(征服)oftimeanddistance.Travelissomethingtobeenjoyed,notendured(忍受).Theboatoffersleisureandtimeenoughtoappreciatetheever-changingsightsandsoundsofajourney.Ajourneybytrainalsohasaspecialcharmaboutit.Lakesandforestsandwild,openplainssweepingpastyourcarriagewindowcreateagrandviewinwhichtimeanddistancemeannothing.Onboardaplane,however,thereisjusttheblankblueoftheskyfillingthenarrowwindowoftheairplane.Thesoftlighting,in-flightfilmsandgentlemusicmakeuptheonlyworldyouknow,andthehoursprogressslowly.Thenthereisthetimespentbeing“processed”atamodernairport.Peopleareconveyedlikerobotsalongwalkways;baggageisweighed,ticketsproduced,examinedandproducedyetagainbeforethepassengersmovetoanotherwaitingarea.Journeysbyrailandseatakelonger,yes,butthehoursdevotedtobeing“processed”atdepartureandarrivalinairportsareluckilyabsent.Nowonder,then,thatthemodernhigh-speedtrainsarewinningbackpassengersfromtheairlines.Man,however,isnowaworldtravelerandcannotturnhisbackontheairplane.Theworkinglivesoftoomanypeopledependuponit;wholenewindustrieshavebeenbuiltarounditsdesignandoperation.Theholidaymaker,too,withlimitedtimetospend,patientlyenduresthebusyairportsandlimitedspaceoftheflighttogainthoseextrahoursandevendays,relaxinginthesun.Speedcontrolspeople’slives;timesaved,inworkorplay,istheimportantthing—orsowearetold.Perhapsthosefirsthorsemen,ridingfreeacrossthewild,openplains,wereenjoyingabetterworldthantheoneweknowtoday.Theycouldtravelatwill,andtheclockwasnottheirmaster.60．WhatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinParagraph1?A．Travelbyplanehasspeededupthegrowthofvillages.B．Thespeedofmoderntravelhasmadedistancesrelativelyshort.C．Thefreedomofmovementhashelpedpeoplerealizetheirdreams.D．Manhasbeenfondoftravelingratherthanstayinginoneplace.61．HowdoesthewritersupporttheunderlinedstatementinParagraph2?A．Bygivinginstructions.B．Byanalyzingcauseandeffect.C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D．Bygivingexamples.．62．AccordingtoParagraph3,passengersareturningbacktomodernhigh-speedtrainsbecause______.A．theypaylessfortheticketsB．theyfeelsaferduringthetravelC．theycanenjoyhigherspeedoftravelD．theydon’thavetowastetimebeing“processed”63．Whatdoesthelastsentenceofthepassagemean?学科网（北京）股份有限公司

26A．Theycouldenjoyfreeandrelaxingtrave.B．Theyneededtheclocktotellthetime.C．Theypreferredtravelingonhorseback.D．Theycouldtravelwiththeirmaster.64．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Airtravelbenefitspeopleandindustries.B．TrainTravelhassomeadvantagesoverairtravel.C．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmoderntravel.D．Thehighspeedofairtravelisgainedatacost.Passage21（2022·天津市宁河区芦台第一中学二模）Whenpeoplehavepositivefeelingsforoneanotherthentheyareabletositdownandtalkaboutwhatreallymatters,thatis,thetruepurposeandmeaningoflife.Whenenvyandjealousyflee,truthhasarichsoiltogrowandripen.Inordertoreallytalk,peoplehavetobewillingtoadmittheirweakness,andopenup.Butifthereisanger,envy,jealousyorfeelingsofsuperiority,truthcannotexistbecauseeveryoneismeasuringwhattheyaresaying,tryingtoavoidmakingthemselvesvulnerableinanyway.Perhapsthebiggesttruth-killersofallareenvyandjealousy.Envyisdesiringwhatsomeoneelsehas,whilejealousyisfeelingunhappythatsomeonehassomethingthatyouwouldlike.Theobjectsofenvyandjealousycanbematerialpossessionssuchasjewelryandhouses,andotherintangiblessuchaspopularityandrespect.Mostofusholdbackwhenwethinkaboutbeingenviousorjealous.Butdowereallyunderstandhowthesefeelingsexpressthemselves?It`snotalwayssoobvious—unlessweslowdownandexamineourselves,wemaymissthesigns.Wethinktoourselves:Thatpersonwhojustwonthataward/contract/positiondoesn’tdeserveit.Shethinksherchild’ssogreatbuthe’snotverygoodandisreallyamediocreguy.Whodoeshethinkheis—hedoesn’tknowanythingaboutthatsubject.Wemaynotintruthwantwhattheotherpersonhas,butwedon’twantthemtohaveiteither.Thisiswhatwecall“Dead-endEnvy”.It’sthefeelingofdissatisfactionthatoccurswhensomeoneelseowns/achievessomethingandyouaren’thappyaboutit.Ifyouturnenvyor“Dead-endEnvy”insideout,yougetschadenfreude(幸灾乐祸),takingpleasureinsomeoneelse`smisfortune.Inanearlierstudy,“neuralcorrelates(神经关联)ofenvyandschadenfreudeweretiedtogether,withthemagnitude(量级)ofonepredictingthestrengthoftheother,”saysresearcherMatthewD．Liebermanwhospecializesinrespectandhowpeoplegetalong.Canenvyeverbepositive?Intermsofmotivatingpeopletopushthemselvestosucceed—yes.Butintermsofpersonalrelationships?That’shardertoproveapositive.Onceyouacceptthatsomeoneisyoursuperiorinoneaspectoranother,orhasbeenblessedwithauniquetalentorquality,andtheybecomearolemodel,envymayturnintosomethingelse,respect.70．Theauthorintendstotellusthatwhenpeopletalkwithothers,________.A．envyandjealousyareunavoidableB．peopledon’tneedtobeopenup学科网（北京）股份有限公司

27C．peopleshouldmeasurewhattheyaresayingD．positivefeelingshelptalkdeeply.71．Aboutenvyandjealousy,theauthorthinksthat________.A．thereisnodifferencebetweenthemB．mostpeoplearewillingtoacceptthemC．theyhaveabadinfluenceontruthD．theyareeasytounderstandandrecognize72．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mediocre”mean?A．Ordinary.B．Useless.C．Outstanding.D．Unique.73．WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph7?A．Envyistheoppositeofschadenfreude.B．“Dead-endEnvy”canleadtoschadenfreude.C．Peoplewithenvyorjealousyhavenosympathy.D．Peoplealwayswantwhatothershave.74．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．EnvyandJealousy,thePowerofSuccessB．TheHarmfulnessofEnvyandJealousyC．HowtoOvercomeEnvyandJealousySuccessfullyD．EnvyandJealousyandTheirEffectsPassage22（2022·天津·模拟预测）Manyyearsago,Ibumpedintoanoldfriendofmine.Hehaddevotedhislifetoactingbuthadneverbeenquitesuccessful.Inhismiddleage,heseemeddefeatedandsad.Ithoughtofhisdogged(顽强的)perseverance.Wasitsmartorfoolish?Whatcouldhehaveachieved?Hadhequithisdreamofactingandmovedon?Ourculturedoesnotlookkindlyuponquitting.Failureisperfectlyacceptableaslongasiteventuallyresultsinsuccess.Wechant(反复喊着)“Winnersneverquit”and“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,tryagain.”Welapup(欣然接受)storiesofpersistence,oftheauthorwhosubmittedstoriesforyearsbeforehernovelswerepublishedoroftheathletewhotrainedsincechildhoodtowingoldattheOlympics.Persistencepaysoffwhenitisrewardedwithsuccess,butitdoesnotrewardeveryperson.ForeveryJKRowling,therearethousandsofaspiringwriterswhowillnevergetpublished.ForeveryOlympicathlete,thereareinnumerable(无数的)otherswhotrainedeverydayoftheirlivesandnevermadethecut.Weallagreethatdoingthesamethingsandexpectingadifferentresultisunwise.Sowhydowebelievethatperseveringthroughfailureafterfailureisagoodidea?Weconsiderquittinginthefaceoffailuretobeweak.Webelievethatperseveranceisthekeytosuccess.Perseveranceisonlyonepartofsuccess.Youneedtalentorskill,aswellaspassionanddrive.Luckandtimingarealsokeytoanygreatsuccess.Oursocietybelievesthatanythingispossible,aslongasyou“believe”.Butnoteveryonecanmakeit.Quittingwhenyou’renotaheadissometimesthesmartestthingtodo.Obviously,ifyouenjoyapursuit,regardlessofitsoutcome,youshouldcontinue.Ifyouknewyournovelwouldneverbepublished,wouldyouwanttowrite?Ifyoucouldneverbeachampionswimmer,wouldyoustilltrain?Sometimes,itiswisetoputyourenergyintosomethingelse.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

28Failureisnotalwaysthepathtosuccess.Sometimes,failureisthedoortosomethingnew.75．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor’soldfriend?A．Hewasdissatisfiedwithhisactingperformance.B．Heswitchedhisdreamofactingtosomethingelse.C．Hefailedinactingbecauseofalackofpersistence.D．Hefailedinallattemptstobecomeasuccessfulactor.76．TheauthormentionedJKRowlingmainlyto______.A．explainhowsheachievedsuccessinwritingB．showthatsuccessdoesn’thappentoeveryoneC．provethatsuccessfavorsthosewhoareperseverantD．encouragereaderstoholdontotheirdreamuntiltheysucceed77．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedphraseinparagraph4?A．Madeoutoftheirdreams.B．Mettherequiredstandard.C．Improvedtheirperformances.D．Promisedtobegoodplayers.78．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoifwe’vefailedmanytimes?A．Makeanefforttotrynewthings.B．Sticktoyourgoaluntilwesucceed.C．Waitfortherighttimeandgoodluck.D．Askfriendsorfamilymembersforhelp.79．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardperseverance?A．Itmakesanythingpossible.B．Itisnotnecessaryforsuccess.C．Itisnottheonlypartofsuccess.D．Itworkswellregardsofoutcome.学科网（北京）股份有限公司