新编历年大学英语六级真题模拟及答案完整版

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新编历年大学英语六级真题及答案完整版

1资料仅供参考12月英语六级阅读真题62.C63.A64.C65.B66.D67.A68.D69.B70.A71.D72.B73.C74.A75.D76.C77.A78.C79.D80.B81.APartVITranslation83.notingcanbemorehelpfulthanasenseofhumor84.butherefusedtogivefurtherexplanationfordoingso85.whileanimalbehaviordependsmainlyoninstinct86.shouldhelie/tellliestothecourt12月英语六级阅读真题PartVCloze(15minutes)In1915EinsteinmadeatriptoGattingentogivesomelecturesattheinvitationofthemathematicalphysicistDavidHilbert.Hewasparticularlyeager—tooeager,itwouldturn62--toexplainalltheintricaciesofrelativitytohim.Thevisitwasatriumph,andhesaidtoafriendexcitedly.“Iwasableto63Hilbertofthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.”64allofEinstein’spersonalturmoil(焦躁)atthetime,anewscientificanxietywasaboutto65.Hewasstrugglingtofindtherightequationsthatwould66hisnewconceptofgravity,67thatwoulddefinehowobjectsmove68spaceandhowspaceiscurvedbyobjects.Bytheendofthesummer,he69themathematicalapproachhehadbeen70foralmostthreeyearswasflawed.Andnowtherewasa71pressure.Einsteindiscoveredtohis72thatHilberthadtakenwhathehadlecturesandwasracingtocomeup73thecorrectequationsfirst.Itwasanenormouslycomplextask.AlthoughEinsteinwasthebetterphysicist.Hilbertwasthebettermathematician.SoinOctober1915Einstein74himselfintoamonth-long-franticendeavorin75hereturnedtoanearliermathematicalstrategyandwrestledwithequations,proofs,correctionsandupdatesthathe76togiveaslecturestoBerlin’sPrussianAcademyofSciencesonfour77Thursdays.HisfirstlecturewasdeliveredonNov.4.1915,anditexplainedhisnewapproach,78headmittedhedidnotyethavetheprecisemathematicalformulationofit.Einsteinalsotooktimeofffrom79revisinghisequationstoengageinanawkwardfandango(方丹戈双人舞)withhiscompetitorHilbert.Worried80beingscooped(抢先),hesentHilbertacopyofhisNov.4lecture.“Iam81toknowwhetheryouwilltakekindlytothisnewsolution,”Einsteinnotedwithatouchofdefensiveness.62.A)upB)overC)outD)off63.A)convinceB)counselC)persuadeD)preach64.A)AboveB)AroundC)AmidD)Along65.A)emitB)emergeC)submitD)submerge66.A)imitateB)igniteC)describeD)ascribe67.A)onesB)thoseC)allD)none68.A)intoB)beyondC)amongD)through69.A)resolvedB)realizedC)acceptedD)assured70.A)pursuingB)protectingC)contestingD)

2资料仅供参考contending71.A)complexB)compatibleC)comparativeD)competitive72.A)humorB)horrorC)excitementD)extinction73.A)toB)forC)withD)against74.A)threwB)thrustC)huddledD)hopped75.A)howB)thatC)whatD)which76.A)dashedB)dartedC)rushedD)reeled77.A)successiveB)progressiveC)extensiveD)repetitive78.A)soB)sinceC)thoughD)because79.A)casuallyB)coarselyC)violentlyD)furiously80.A)afterB)aboutC)onD)in81.A)curiousB)consciousC)ambitiousD)ambiguousPartVITranslation(5minutes)82.Butformobilephone,___________________(我们的通信就不可能如此迅速和方便)。83.Inhandlinganembarrassingsituation,_____________(没有什么比幽默感更有帮助的了).84.TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,______________(但她拒绝进一步解释这样做的原因).85.Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,_________________(而动物的行为主要依靠本能).86.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_____________________(她都不应该对法庭说慌).6月21日英语六级真题及答案SectionBImaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,already-expensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy-fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami-forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.

3资料仅供参考ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthepeak?ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico-asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscan’taffordtojointhemerrymaking.Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit.Sodoexports,whichthanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMayandMay.Forfirstfivemonthsof,thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom. IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstickbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.Americantourists,however,shouldn’texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup-slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.52.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?A)TheireconomyisplungingB)Theycan’taffordtripstoEuropeC)TheircurrencyhasslumpedD)Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.53.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.54HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.Swiththedevalueddollar?TheyfeelcontemptuousofitTheyaresympatheticwithit.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?TheytreatthedollarwithalittlerespectTheytrytowinintheweak-dollargambleTheyvacationathomeratherthanabroadTheytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.56Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Para7)?Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.ThevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadimeThedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.

4资料仅供参考PassageTwoInthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefights.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundaseprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsession(痴迷)ismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteria(歇斯底里)isthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible——andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures——professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams——selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-poinntincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke(偶然).Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.Gettingintoyalemaysignifyintellgence,talentandAmbition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisnotlifeonlycompetiton.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.princetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpdexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.theveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtodeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.57.Whydosetheauthorsaythatparengsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C.theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D.theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?A.theywanttoincreasetheirchildrenchancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B.theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C.Theirchildreneillhavehaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewersyudentthantheyusedto.59.Whatdoestheauthormeanbykidscountmorethantheircollege(Line1,para.4?

5资料仅供参考A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoapersonsuccess.B.Apersonhappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C.Kidsactualabilitiesaremoreimportangthantheircollegebackground.D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.60.WhatdoesKruegerstudytellus?A.GETtingintoPh.d.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.61.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplicationPartVClozeDirections:thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,IMetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheU.S.economy___62___duringthe‘90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,neededtogothehigh-technology___63___.Buthow?Inthelate‘90s,theanswerschemedobvious.Indians.___64___all,IndianentrepreneursaccountedforoneofeverythreeSiliconValleystart-ups.SotheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould___65___IndianstoTermanyjustasAmericadoesby___66___greencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGermanGreenCardand___67___thattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear.___68___,theGermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,andperhapsthe___69___wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasafailure.Ayearlater___70___halfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafewextensions,theprogramwas___71___.ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethatIwassurethe___72___wouldfail.It’snotthatIhadanyparticularexpertiseinimmigrationpolicy,___73___Iunderstoodsomethingaboutgreencards,becauseIhadone(theAmerican___74___).TheGermanGreenCardwasmismand,Iargued,__75__itnever,underanycircumtances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,isanalmost__76__pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandacleanrecord).Theofficial__77__myobjection,sayingthattherewasnowayGermanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship.”weneedyoungtachworkers,”hesaid.”that’swhatthispro-gramisall__78__.”soGermanywasaskingbrightyoung__79__toleavetheircountry,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageandworkinastrangeland—butwithoutany__80__ofeverbeingpartoftheirnewhome.Germanywassengingasignal,onethatwas___81___receivedinIndiaandothercountries,andalsobyGermany’sownimmigrantcommunity.

6资料仅供参考62.A)soarC)amplifyB)hoverD)intensify63.A)circuitC)traitB)strategyD)route64.A)OfC)InB)AfterD)At65.A)importC)conveyB)kidnapD)lure66.A)offeringC)evacuatingB)installingD)formulating67.A)conferredC)announcedB)inferredD)verified68.A)SpeciallyC)ParticularlyB)NaturallyD)Consistently69.A)quotasC)measuresB)digitsD)scales70.A)invariablyC)barelyB)literallyD)solely71.A)repelledC)combatedB)deletedD)abolished72.A)adventureC)initiativeB)responseD)impulse73.A)andC)soB)butD)or74.A)heritageC)notionB)revisionD)version75A)becauseB)unlessC)ifD)while76A)aggressiveB)automaticC)vulnerableD)voluntary77A)overtookB)fascinatedC)submittedD)dismissed78A)towardsB)roundC)aboutD)over79A)dwellersB)citizensC)professionalsD)amateurs80A)prospectB)suspicionC)outcomeD)destination81A)partiallyB)clearlyC)brightlyD)vividly82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhohavespenttheirwholelivesonpoems(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsive,andunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhaverepliedtomelastweek(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiments(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口互相争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationislargelydependentupon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducationofitspeople6月英语六级A卷完整答案47.causingareaction48.anemotionaldebate49.Theapprovalofeveryvictim’sfamily50.exploitinganationaltragedy51.raiseawareness52.B)Theircurrencyhasslumped.53.C)Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.54.D)Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.55.C)Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.

7资料仅供参考56.A)Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.57.D)Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.58.A)Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.59.C)Kid’sactualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.60.B)Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.61.C)theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationPart5Cloze资料仅供参考62.A)soar63.D)route64.A)Of65.A)import66.A)offering67.C)announced68.D)Consistently69.A)quotas70.C)barely71.D)abolished72.C)initiative73.B)but74.D)version75.A)because76.B)automatic77.D)dismissed78.C)about79.C)professionals80.A)prospect81.B)clearly资料仅供参考Part6Translation82.Wecansayalotofthingsaboutthosewhoaredevotedtopoemsintheirwholelives(毕生致力于诗歌的人):theyarepassionate,impulsiveandunique.83.Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,orsheshouldhavemadeareplylastweek.(否则她上周就该回信了).84.Nancyissupposedtohavefinishedherchemistryexperiment(做完化学实验)atleasttwoweeksago.85.Neveroncehastheoldcouplequarreledwitheachother(老两口相互争吵)sincetheyweremarried40yearsago.86.Theprosperityofanationdependslargelyon(一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于)thequalityofeducation.12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鸣得意的）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活跃分子）and

8资料仅供参考variousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”AreportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地质断层)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.52.WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.53.WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?A)Aheateddebate.B)Popularsupport.C)Widespreadpanic.D)Strongcriticism.54.Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.55.WhatistheviewofthereportinthejournalPediatrics?A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.56.Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.A)theuncertainB)thequantifiableC)anearthquakeD)unhealthyfoodPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycare

9资料仅供参考physicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返还费用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.Howdowefixthisproblem?Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.Whowillbetheretotreatthem?57.Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.A)theinadequatetrainingofphysiciansB)thedecliningnumberofdoctorsC)theshrinkingprimarycareresourcesD)theever-risinghealthcarecosts58.Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecureB)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrorsC)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealthD)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter59.Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertimeB)improvetheirexpertiseandserviceC)makevariousdealswithspecialistsD)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

10资料仅供参考60.Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.61.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.47.adriver’sattention48.equivalentindifficultytodriving49.moretime50.carfulthinking/consideration51.punishing52.D)theshrinkingprimarycareresources53.C)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter54.A)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality55.B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare56.D)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians57.B)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor。58.C)Aheateddebate。59.D)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve。60.D)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren。61.A)theunceertain6月英语六级考试真题与答案　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龟)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龟)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsand

11资料仅供参考crawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.　　ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.　　Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewater

12资料仅供参考andalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.　　Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龙)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.　　A．humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive　　B．effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout　　C．governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction　　D．marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction　　53.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?

13资料仅供参考　　A．Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.　　B．Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.　　C．Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.　　D．Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.　　54.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?　　A．Theirinadequatefoodsupply.　　B．Unregulatedcommercialfishing.　　C．Theirlowerreproductivelyability.　　D．Contaminationofseawater　　55.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?　　A．Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.　　B．Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.　　C．Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.　　D．Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.　　56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto________.　　A．persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles

14资料仅供参考　　B．stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected　　C．callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival　　D．warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies　　PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.　　AstudybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“labor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(报复性地)sincethe1980s.In,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.　　There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmart

15资料仅供参考economicchoice.Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.　　No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.　　Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythe

16资料仅供参考samepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’shottestconsumertrend,maybeit’sbesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合动力汽车);anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?　　A．Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.　　B．Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeeducation.　　C．Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.　　D．Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.　　58.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,________.　　A．enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversities　　B．thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduates　　C．competitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmore

17资料仅供参考fiercethantoday　　D．thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed　　59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan________.　　A．savemoreontuition　　B．receiveabettereducation　　C．takemoreliberal-artscourses　　D．avoidtravelinglongdistances　　60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents________.　　A．regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestment　　B．placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollege　　C．thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollege　　D．considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct　　61.Whatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegetoday?　　A．Theiremploymentprospectsaftergraduation.　　B．Asatisfyingexperiencewithintheirbudgets.　　C．Itsfacilitiesandlearningenvironment.　　D．Itsrankingamongsimilarinstitutions.PartVClozr(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　SomehistoriansaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEisenhower’spresidency(总统任期)inthe1950s

18资料仅供参考wastheU.S.interstatehighwaysystem.Itwasa__62__project,easilysurpassingthescaleofsuchprevioushuman__63__asthePanamaCanal.Eisenhower’sinterstatehighways__64__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__65__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless__66__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__67__libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__68__.ThiselectronicsuperhighwayiscalledtheInternet,__69__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.　　TheInternethadits__70__ina1969U.S.DefenseDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,which__71__AdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork.ThePentagonbuiltthenetworkformilitarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryresearchto__72__information.In1983theNationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__73__missionistopromotescience,tookover.　　ThisnewNSFnetwork__74__moreandmoreinstitutionalusers,mayof__75__hadtheirowninternalnetworks.Forexample,mostuniversitiesthat__76__theNSFnetworkhadintracampuscomputernetworks.TheNSFnetwork__77__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.__78__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,internetwasanamethatfit.

19资料仅供参考　　SowecanseethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructure(基础设施)onwhichweb__79__move.Itbeganasamilitarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__80__researchnetwork.　　Today,theInternetisauser-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__81__an“informationsuperhighway.”　　62.A．conciseC．massiveB．radicalD．trivial　　63.A．behaviorsC．inventionsB．endeavorsD．elements　　64.A．packedC．suppressedB．stuckD．bound　　65.A．facilitatedC．mobilizedB．modifiedD．terminated　　66.A．competitiveC．exclusiveB．comparativeD．expensive　　67.A．mergesC．relaysB．connectsD．unifies　　68.A．figuresC．individualsB．personalitiesD．humans　　69.A．andC．orB．yetD．while　　70.A．samplesC．originsB．sourcesD．precedents　　71.A．stoodbyC．stoodagainstB．stoodforD．stoodover　　72.A．exchangeC．switchB．bypassD．interact　　73.A．theirC．whenB．thatD．whose　　74.A．expandedC．attractedB．contractedD．extended　　75.A．whatC．theseB．whichD．them　　76.A．joinedC．participatedB．attachedD．involved　　77.A．moreoverC．likewiseB．howeverD．then

20资料仅供参考　　78.A．WithC．InB．ByD．As　　79.A．contextsC．messagesB．signsD．leaflets　　80.A．citizenC．amateurB．civilianD．resident　　81.A．intoC．overB．amidD．toward　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Withtheoilpriceseverrising,shetriedtotalk________(说服她不买车).　　83.________(保持幽默有助于)reducestressandpromotecreativethinkingintoday’scompetitivesociety..　　84.Whenconfrontedwiththeevidence,________(她不得不坦白自己的罪行).　　85.Whenpeoplesay,“Icanfeelmyearsburning,”itmeanstheythink________(一定有人在说她们坏话).　　86.Shehasdecidedtogoonadiet,butfinds________(很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).参考答案仔细阅读：52B)effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout.53D)Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.54B)Unregulatedcommercialfishing.55A)Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

21资料仅供参考56C)callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival.57C)Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartingcosts.58D)Thegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed59A)savemoreontuition60D)considercollegeeducationaconsumerproduct61B)Asatisfyingexperiencewiththeirbudgets.62.C.massive63.B.endeavors64.D.bound65.A.facilitated66.C.exclusive67.B.connects68.C.individuals69.A.and70.D.precedents71.B.stoodfor72.A.exchange73.Dwhose74.C.attract75.B.which76.A.joined77.D.then78.A.with79.C.messages80.B.civilian81.B.amid翻译：82.overhimnottobuyacar83.Keepingsenseofhumoriscontributiveto84.hehadnochoicebuttoconfesshisguilt85.someonemustarespeakingillofthem86.itdifficulttoresistthetemptationoficecream6月大学英语六级考试及参考答案

22资料仅供参考　　　　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.　　TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.　　AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSociety

23资料仅供参考OwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."　　Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不断积累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocial

24资料仅供参考benefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?　　A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.　　B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.　　C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.　　D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.　　53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?　　A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.　　B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.　　C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.　　D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.　　54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?　　A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.　　B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.　　C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdeveloped

25资料仅供参考countries.　　D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.　　55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?　　A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth　　B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents　　C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.　　D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.　　56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?　　A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.　　B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.　　C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.　　D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,andastudyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObama

26资料仅供参考assembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?　　ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait

27资料仅供参考[until]15yearsfrom　now"tomakesenseoftheworld.　　HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?　　A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.　　B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.　　C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.　　D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.　　58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGeneration

28资料仅供参考O?　　A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.　　B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.　　C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.　　D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.　　59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?　　A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.　　B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.　　C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.　　D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.　　60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?　　A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.　　B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.　　C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.　　D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.　　61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

29资料仅供参考　　A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.　　B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.　　C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.　　D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.　　　6月19日英语六级考试B卷答案　　SectionA　　47agradeabove94%/ahighergrade　　48selectthemethodofgrading　　49improving　　50effortandaccomplishment　　51discusshisconcerns　　SectionB　　Passage1　　52A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.　　53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.　　54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.　　55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.

30资料仅供参考　　56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.　　Passage2　　57A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.　　58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy.　　59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency.　　60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.　　61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.　　PartIWriting(30minutes)Direction:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledMyViewsonUniversityRanking.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.　　1.当前高校排名相当盛行;　　2.对于这种做法人们看法不一;　　3.在我看来……MyViewsonUniversityRankingPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

31资料仅供参考Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.IntotheUnknown　　Theworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.Canitcope?　　Untiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.　　Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.　　Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.

32资料仅供参考InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.　　Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.　　Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(财政)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewho

33资料仅供参考remainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.　　Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.　　Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.　　Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfew

34资料仅供参考decadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.　　Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年轻)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.　　Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwestern

35资料仅供参考Europeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumberthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.　　Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.　　Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.　　Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’

36资料仅供参考sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地缘政治上).　　Askmein2020　　Thereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.　　Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.“　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.Inits1994report,theWorldBankarguedthatthecurrentpensionsysteminmostcountriescould______.　　[A]notbesustainedinthelongterm　　[B]furtheracceleratetheageingprocess

37资料仅供参考　　[C]hardlyhaltthegrowthofpopulation　　[D]helptideoverthecurrentageingcrisis　　2.WhatmessageisconveyedinbookslikeYoungvsOld?　　[A]Thegenerationgapisboundtonarrow.　　[B]Intergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　[C]Theyoungergenerationwillbeattheold.　　[D]Oldpeopleshouldgivewaytotheyoung.　　3.Onereasonwhypensionandhealthcarereformsareslowincomingisthat______.　　[A]nobodyiswillingtosacrificetheirownintereststotackletheproblem　　[B]mostpeopleareagainstmeasuresthatwillnotbearfruitimmediately　　[C]theproposedreformswillaffecttoomanypeople’sinterests　　[D]politiciansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　4.Theauthorbelievesthemosteffectivemethodtosolvethepensioncrisisisto______.　　[A]allowpeopletoworklonger[C]cutbackonhealthcareprovisions　　[B]increasetaxrevenues[D]startreformsrightaway　　5.Thereasonwhyemployersareunwillingtokeepolderworkersisthat______.

38资料仅供参考　　[A]theyaregenerallydifficulttomanage　　[B]thelongertheywork,thehighertheirpension　　[C]theirpayishigherthanthatofyoungerones　　[D]youngerworkersarereadilyavailable　　6.Tocompensateforthefast-shrinkinglabourforce,Japanwouldneed______.　　[A]toreviseitscurrentpopulationcontrolpolicy　　[B]largenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas　　[C]toautomateitsmanufacturingandserviceindustries　　[D]apoliticallyfeasiblepolicyconcerningpopulation　　7.Whydomanywomeninrichcountriescompromisebyhavingonlyonechild?　　[A]Smallfamiliesarebecomingmorefashionable.　　[B]Theyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　[C]Itistooexpensivetosupportalargefamily.　　[D]Childcareistoobigaproblemforthem.　　8.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiesarelessinclinedto______________________________.　　9.Thepredictedintergenerationalwarfareisunlikelybecausemostoftheolderpeoplethemselves_________________________.　　10.Countriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtocommitthemto____________________________.

39资料仅供参考PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,which

40资料仅供参考seemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.　　IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.　　Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(资质)formostnonacademiccareers.　　UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmore

41资料仅供参考scientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(贫困的)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.　　Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress

42资料仅供参考　　53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?　　[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.　　[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.　　[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.　　[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?　　[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.　　[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.　　[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.　　[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.　　55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?　　[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.　　[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.　　56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportanceto

43资料仅供参考humanisticstudies?　　[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.　　[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.　　[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.　　[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.　　ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.　　ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.　　Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.In

44资料仅供参考Einstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.　　Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.　　“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.　　Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.　　Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.　　“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

45资料仅供参考　　EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.　　“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”　　PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.　　Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?　　“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?　　[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.　　[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.　　[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.　　[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.　　58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?　　[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

46资料仅供参考　　[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.　　[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.　　[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.　　59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?　　[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.　　[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.　　[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.　　[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?　　[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.　　[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.　　[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.　　[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.　　[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

47资料仅供参考　　[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations　　[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapersPartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　America’smostpopularnewspaperwebsitetodayannouncedthattheeraoffreeonlinejournalismisdrawingtoaclose.TheNewYorkTimeshasbecomethebiggestpublisheryetto62plansforapaywallarounditsdigitaloffering,63theacceptedpracticethatinternetuserswillnotpayfornews.　　Struggling64anevaporationofadvertisingandadownwarddriftinstreetcornersales,TheNewYorkTimes65tointroducea“metered”modelatthebeginningof.Readerswillberequiredtopaywhentheyhave66asetnumberofitsonlinearticlespermonth.　　Thedecisionputsthe159-year-oldnewspaper67thechargingsideofanincreasinglywidechasm(鸿沟)inthemediaindustry.Butothers,includingtheGuardian,havesaidtheywillnot68internetreaders,andcertainpapers,69

48资料仅供参考London’sEveningStandard,havegonefurtherinabandoningreadershiprevenuebymakingtheirprinteditions70.　　TheNewYorkTimes’spublisher,ArthurSulzberger,71thatthemoveisagamble:“Thisisa72,toacertaindegree,inwherewethinkthewebisgoing.”　　Boastingaprint73of995,000onweekdaysand1.4milliononSundays,TheNewYorkTimesisthethirdbestsellingAmericannewspaper,74theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday.75mostUSpapersfocusonasinglecity,TheNewYorkTimesisamongthefewthatcan76nationalscope—aswellas16bureausintheNewYorkarea,ithas11officesaroundtheUSand7726bureauselsewhereintheworld.　　But78manyinthepublishingindustry,thepaperisinthegripofa79financialcrisis.Itsparentcompany,theNewYorkTimesCompany,has15papers,but80alossof$70millionintheninemonthstoSeptemberandrecentlyaccepteda$250million81fromaMexicanbillionaire,CarlosSlim,tostrengthenitsbalancesheet.　　62.[A]setin[C]carryover　　[B]setout[D]carryaway　　63.[A]abusing[C]developing　　[B]deducting[D]abandoning　　64.[A]with[C]along

49资料仅供参考　　[B]beside[D]by　　65.[A]engages[C]deliberates　　[B]intends[D]signifies　　66.[A]exceeded[C]assumed　　[B]multiplied[D]revealed　　67.[A]on[C]over　　[B]of[D]up　　68.[A]cost[C]expend　　[B]consume[D]charge　　69.[A]asfor[C]suchas　　[B]farfrom[D]byfar　　70.[A]reliable[C]applicable　　[B]free[D]easy　　71.[A]resisted[C]acknowledged　　[B]certified[D]appealed　　72.[A]net[C]bet　　[B]kit[D]pit　　73.[A]evaluation[C]circulation　　[B]expansion[D]dimension　　74.[A]behind[C]before　　[B]against[D]within　　75.[A]If[C]Hence　　[B]While[D]Because　　76.[A]ascend[C]lengthen

50资料仅供参考　　[B]announce[D]claim　　77.[A]contributes[C]maintains　　[B]disposes[D]encounters　　78.[A]like[C]from　　[B]beyond[D]through　　79.[A]heavy[C]rough　　[B]crude[D]serious　　80.[A]targeted[C]suffered　　[B]suspended[D]tolerated　　81.[A]asset[C]account　　[B]bill[D]loanPartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou__________________________________(越仔细越好)indealingwiththismatter.　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties_____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).

51资料仅供参考　　84.Much_________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶),theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).　　86.I____________________________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.12月英语六级考试答案(考试吧版)版本一：　　PartⅠ　　WritingMyViewonUniversityRanking　　Inrecentyears,allkindsofUniversityRankingListscanbefoundonsomeeducationalwebsites,ornewspapers.Therankingstandardsalsovary.Theselistshavegreatinfluenceonstudents.Theyareevenbecomingtheonlyscaletoevaluatethecollegesanduniversities.　　Peopleholddifferentviewstowardthisphenomenon.Somebelievethattheselistshelpthestudentsalot,especially

52资料仅供参考forthosewhowillchoosetheiruniversity.Whilesomeotherprotestvigorously.Intheirpoints,thelistisreallyridiculousandharmful.Inmyview,theuniversityrankingmayhaveitsownreferencevalues,butitsdisadvantagesoverweighitsvalues.　　Forthoseuniversity-students-to-be,theyaresupposedtochoosetheschoolaccordingtohisorherownsituation,butnottheso-calledRankingList.What’smore,howabouttheuniversitystudents?Howdotheyfeelaboutthemselveswhentheyseetheranking?Thelistmaybecomesomeintangibleshacklesforthemiftheirownschoolrankspoorly.　　Inanutshell,thereisnoeasymethodtoranktheseuniversities,buttheRanking,onlyhelpsstudentsignoretheessentials,namely,theirninety-ninepercentperspiration.　　此次六级作文的自由度很大，看似给出了提纲，实际上具体的观点全靠个人发挥。第一段需要点明大学排名这个现象，第二段需要铺陈不同人的观点，第三段要陈述自己的观点。　　大学排名这个题目，实际上涉及到了对了大学的理解，对于大学排名标准的理解，以及对于大学排名的目的的理解。而这件事更加离不开中国具体的国情，新中国50年代人至今受教育的情况，90后择校的情况，当前大学的情况，考生发挥的空间能够纵横数十年的教育史，而且能够深入探讨教育的本质。　　当然，对于大多数考生来说，凑满150个字万岁!那么，模板又能够派上用场了。

53资料仅供参考　　模板一　　1.Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewson——　　2.Somepeopleperfer,——　　3.Otherstendto,——　　4.Astome,Iagreewith/to——　　(1)开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。　　(2)表明一部分人的看法。　　(3)另一部分的看法。　　(4)作者的看法　　我们这里放出来的这篇文章，语言流畅，观点清晰，多处表述有闪光点。　　版本二：　　PartⅠ作文题目：　　1.当前高校排名相当盛行　　2.对于这种做法，人们看法不一　　3.我认为...　　Nowsocietycompetitionisverybig,collegeisnotexceptionalalso,thepresentuniversitiesrankingisquitepopular,appearveryI"ranking"drawbacks.Forthiskindofpractice,thepersonofshemvieweachnotcamera,someunderstandingrankingisverynecessary,canpromotetheschoolcompetition,someunderstandingranking,causealotofschoollanevirtualdofalseeducationquality,causingtheglide!AndIthinktheschoolrankingsofthismechanismisshouldbe

54资料仅供参考reserved,butneedtoregulatethearrangement,theeducationdevelopmentoftherankingssystemintomotivation,notresistance.　　作文范文：　　Forthoseuniversitystudents-to-be,choosingtheiridealschoolisneveraneasyjob,butluckily,differentauthoritiescomeupwiththeuniversityrankingtohelp!Topstudentsshallchoosethetopschoolshighonthelistandviceversa.　　Complicatedissuebecomeseasynumericalcomparison,yettherealproblemstaysthere,canthenumericalrankingtellyouthestatusquooftheseuniversities?Arethese“authorities”producingtherankingauthoritativeenoughtomakethejudgments?Let’stakeaseriouslookattheissuebeforewejumptotheconclusionwhetheruniversityrankingisgoodorbad.　　Wehavetoadmitthatbecauseofhistoricalreasons,mostofthe1950s-1960sparentsweredeniedhighereducationandthiscruelfactmakesthemevenmoreeagertogivetheirchildrenhigheducationeventhoughtheyhavenoideaofwhatuniversityeducationisallabout.Therankinghelpsthemtomakedecisionsbasedontheirsimpleideaofbetterrankingmeansbetterjobsinfuture,andthereforebetterincome!Itispatheticthattheyinterpretknowledgeandwisdominsuchawayyetitisevenmorepatheticthatthereareso-claimed

55资料仅供参考well-educatedpeoplemakingupalltherankingandgettherankingpublishedtomisleadthem!快速阅读：　　版本一：　　PartⅡ　　ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　1.Anotbesustainedinthelongterm　　解析：关键字1994对应第一段第三行，题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表示方式。选择A。　　2.BIntergenerationalconflictswillintensify.　　解析：从书名定位到原文第二段，headingfortherock,thecleaner,都暗示了两代人之间的问题，最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。　　3.Dpoliticiansareafraidoflosingvotesinthenextelection　　解析：首先需要理解题目意图，即为何养老机制改革迟迟不能进行，然后定位到文章第四段，其实只要从段落中politician这一关键字就能选定D选项。　　4.Aallowpeopletoworklonger　　解析：从题干中themosteffectivemethod找到第五段第三句原话，直接选择A选项。　　5.Dyoungerworkersarereadilyavailable

56资料仅供参考　　解析：题目中employer为关键字，找到第六段，该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣oldworkers，但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者，能够总结的出D选项，即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。　　6.Blargenumbersofimmigrantsfromoverseas　　解析：这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力，Japan在文中一时难以找到，但其所代表的发达国家群体developedcountries却出现在了第七段，而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠移民劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。　　7.BTheyfindithardtobalancecareerandfamily.　　解析：compromise关键字找到第九段，关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。　　8.beinnovativeandtakerisksthanyoungerones　　解析：题目中oldsocieties关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行，题目中的lessinclined正好与原文中的morestronglydisinclined形成对照，因此答案只需摘录之后的原文即可，即takerisksthanyoungerones.　　9.mostlyhavefamilies　　解析：题目中关键字intergenerationalwarfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释，摘录即可。　　10.militaryservice　　解析：要理解题目中lesswillingto的含义，即不情愿，这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant，commitsth.tosth.，空格内需要填写名词，参照原文，即militaryservice.　

57资料仅供参考　　　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems　　细节题。抓住时间点“Intheearly2othcentury”我们从第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可知道答案。选择A选项。　　53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.　　推论题。我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性，关键是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究?显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也能够推断出选D比较恰当。“TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”　　54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.　　细节题。主要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我们能够推断出是选C选项。A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项，因为文章中“India,

58资料仅供参考China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明这几个国家只是有种趋势，但还没有haveovertaken。　　55)AInsufficientfunding.　　细节题。我们在第三段里能够找到答案。从“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”这些信息中，能够很快知道是A选项。　　56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.　　细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其它三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者的语气能够更加确定是C选项。　　PassageTwo　　57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

59资料仅供参考　　解析：这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较容易排除，A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一个极限，C说在将来的两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦，这两个都明显不合文章大意。B答案说需要一个爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论，属于过度推理，而且细节性太强了。D答案是正确答案，很多同学不敢选D的原因是，因为有些科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿，她们认为这样一来就有可能爱因斯坦已经存在了。可是这句话里面的爱因斯坦是代表伟大的科学家的意思，那么这个题目选择D就是正确的，大家都同意的是像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家还需要一定的时间才会出现。　　58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking　　解析：B她独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断，爱因斯坦成功的原因，不能说是她在音乐方面的天分，也不能说她的努力或者她在数学方面的深厚基础，因此答案选择B。　　59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.　　解析：正确答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天的物理学家们的情况，A说她们缺乏分析能力，B说她们擅长处理实际问题，C说她们重视发表文章，都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来的错误选项。D是对于文章内容的一个总结概括，数量众多的物理学家进入了更有经济利益的领域。　　60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.　　解析：正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话，她说Whatanidea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢!说明内容实在是比较荒诞。　　61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles　　解析：正确答案选择B，说的是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻，跟原文里面的“byavirtualunknown”

60资料仅供参考相对应。有迷惑性的选择项是D,因为文中提到了爱因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnoteandcitations.可是D选择项是说，爱因斯坦不懂得论文的格式，这个属于过度推理了。　　　　PartⅤ　　Cloze　　62Bsetoutsetoutplans表示制定计划　　63Dabandoningabandon放弃，onceunshakeableorthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。　　64Awithstrugglewith表示同…斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。　　65Bintendsintendto表示打算…,从后面的atthebeginningof，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。　　66Aexceeded超过，是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。　　67Aon和side搭配，onthesideof…表示拥护…;站在…一边。　　68Dcharge本词在文章中多次出现，chargesb表示向某人收费。　　69Csuchas表示举例，从后面举London'sEveningStandard作为例子，可知应该选suchas.　　70Bfree前面提到abandonreadershiprevenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是makeprinteditionsfree.　　71Cacknowledged表示承认，这里表示ArthurSulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。

61资料仅供参考　　72Cbet打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。　　73Ccirculation发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。　　74AbehindNYT排名第三，即排在theWallStreetJournalandUSAToday后面。　　75BWhilewhile在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其它报纸不同。　　76Dclaim声称，宣称，这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。　　77Cmaintains维持，运营，即NYT还在世界其它地方运营着26个办公室。　　78Alike从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其它公司一样，也受到金融危机的影响，因此选like，表示同…一样。　　79Dserious严重的，考察形容词与名词的搭配，从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。　　80Csuffered遭受，sufferaloss遭受损失，常见搭配。　　81Dloan贷款，前文提到公司损失了很多钱，因此需要从别处借钱来补充资金。　　翻译：　　版本一：　　PartⅥ　　Translation　　82.Thereisnodenyingthatyou___________(越仔细越好)

62资料仅供参考indealingwiththismatter.　　解析：canneverbetoocareful/cannotbetoocareful　　【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即canneverbetoo/cannotbetoo+adj.　　【原句精释】无可否认，处理这件事，越仔细越好。　　83.OnlywhenIreachedmythirties__________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)　　解析：didIrealizethatreadingcannotbeneglecteddidIrealizethatreadingisunignorable　　【考点解释】本题考查由onlywhen引起的局部倒装。当onlywhen置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。onlywhen引导句子时态为过去时(reached)，为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did;注意被动语态的使用，reading与neglect为被动关系。同时也能够使用be+adj的结构。　　【原句精释】直到三十岁，我才意识不能忽视读书。　　84.Much___________________(使研究人员感到惊讶)，theoutcomeoftheexperimentwasfarbetterthantheyhadexpected.　　解析：totheresearchers’surprise　　【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配toone’ssurprise使…惊讶的是…　　【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是，实验结果比她们的预计好得多。

63资料仅供参考　　85.Oh,my,Ican’tfindmykey;__________________________(我一定是把它放在哪儿了)。　　解析：Imusthaveleft/putitsomewhere.　　【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即musthave+过去分词，leave与put都有放置的意思，但leave强调遗忘在…，较之put，leave更贴合题意。　　【原句精释】天啊，我找不到钥匙。我一定是把它放在哪儿了。　　86.I________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)thangotothebeachforaholiday.　　解析：wouldratherjoinyouasavolunteer　　【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”,因题干中已存在“thango”的结构，只能使用“wouldratherdoratherthando”。加入…joinsb　　【原句精释】我宁愿加入你们去做义工，也不愿到海边去度假。　　版本二：　　PartⅥ　　翻译：　　82.cannotbetoocareful　　83.didIrealizethatreadingcouldnotbeneglected　　84.totheresearchers'surprise　　85.Imusthaveleftitsomewhere　　86.wouldratherjoinyoutodovolunteerwork

64资料仅供参考6月大学英语六级真题PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?The辩论非法移民Americanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegal压倒性的共识andillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfrom劳动力farmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancy矛盾betweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

65资料仅供参考Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers–meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-.

66资料仅供参考Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected–say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents–theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。52.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

67资料仅供参考Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.53.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.54.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.55.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.56.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

68资料仅供参考Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou'llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen–theUniversityofPennsylvania'sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.

69资料仅供参考Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool'spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach–arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,thecreativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethe

70资料仅供参考bully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement–atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityandaccountability.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationoftoday?Greaterdiversity.C)Exceptionaldiligence.Intellectualmaturity.D)Higherambition.58.Whatistheauthor'sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschooleducation?Itwillarousestudents'unrealisticexpectations.Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle.Itfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalskills.Itstressescompetitionratherthancooperation.59.WhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostimportant?Ageandeducationalbackground.C)Attitudeandapproachtobusiness.Socialandprofessionalexperience.D)Ethnicoriginand

71资料仅供参考gender.60.WhatapplicantsdoestheauthorthinkMBAprogrammesshouldconsiderrecruiting?Applicantswithpriorexperienceinbusinesscompanies.Applicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandstatistics.Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors.Applicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandareas.61.WhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementstyle?Itiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofmanagement.Itencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyside.Itadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutivemodel.Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels.52A)Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration53D)Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices54A)Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay55B)Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget56B)Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingof

72资料仅供参考smallimpact57.A)Greatdiversity58.C)Itwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformstyle59.C)Attitudeandapproachtobusiness60.C)Applicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalsectors61.D)Itisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativemodels。12月大学英语六级真题及答案Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate? China"}India!Brazil! Howabout trade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession– arenewed

73资料仅供参考declineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates – butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade– moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates – isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,                                                            and logistics (物流) haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets– whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice – agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchfor

74资料仅供参考imports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet– andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageTwo52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)  ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.

75资料仅供参考B)  ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)  ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)  Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53. Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)  ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)  ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)      Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)     Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54. Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)  Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)  Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)      Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)     Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55. WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

76资料仅供参考A)  Competitionfromoverseas.                             C)Slacktradeactivities.B)  People'sreluctancetospend.                            D)Decreasingproductivity.56. Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)  Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)  Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)      Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)     Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets. PassageTwoQuestions57 to 61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnew knowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.We shouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaint

77资料仅供参考thatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies. IntheUK,researchisconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhD graduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenceincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichare

78资料仅供参考research-led andcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercialisation workcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economic andenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertise inordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercialisationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercialisationwork.Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould, playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57. WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialisation?

79资料仅供参考A)     Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.B)      Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.C)      Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.D)     Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.58. WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialisation?A)     Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.B)      ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.C)      Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.D)     Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.59. WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto _____.A)     governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversitiesB)      compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustriesC)      fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsD)     concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities60. Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?

80资料仅供参考A)     Publicisetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.B)      Fullyutilisetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.C)      Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.D)     Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.61. HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?A)     Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.B)      Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.C)      Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.D)     Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.PartVI    Translation     (5minutes)Directions: CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.Pleasewriteyourtranslationon Answ&rSheet2.

81资料仅供参考注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。82.Youshouldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.You______________________________(可能会被车撞倒的).33.Bynomeans______________________________(她把自己当成专家) althoughheknowsalotaboutthefield.84.Hedoesn'tappreciatethesacrificehisfriendshavemadeforhim,______________________________(把她们所做的视作理所当然).85.Janettoldmethatshewouldratherhermother ______________________________(不干涉她的婚姻).86.Tokeepupwiththeexpandingfrontiersofscholarship,EdwardWilsonfoundhimself______________________________(经常上网查找信息).

82资料仅供参考12月大学英语六级真题答案PassageOne52AItcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.?53.AItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheUShaveincreased.54.CProducersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials55.CPeople’sreluctancetospend56.BToincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.PassageTwo57.A.theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.58.B.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.59.A.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities.60.A.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.61.C.Bypromotingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.翻译82：maybeknockeddownbycar83:doeshetakehimselftobeanexpert。84:andtakeitforgranted。85:notinterferemarriage。86．oftensearchinginformationontheinternet

83资料仅供参考作文ThewaytosuccessWhatissuccess?Infact,successisapositivefeeling,itisastateofconfidenceafterweachieveouridealsSoallofuswilltryourbesttogetsuccess."IfAisasuccessinlife,thenAequalsxplusyplusz..Hardworkingisx;yisgoodmethodsandzisstoptalkingandgetdowntowork."ItissaidbyEinstein,whoisusedtobeawinneroftheNobelPrize.AccordingtothisWisdom,weknownthatifwewanttodoeverythingsuccessful,wemustfollowtheseways.Whenwebegintostudy,ourparentsandteachersalwaystoldustostudyhard.Hardworking,whichisanusefulwaytosuccess,isnecessaryforus.Hardworking,whichmeansweshouldtryourbesttodothethings.Besides,ifyouwanttogetsuccess,wenotonlyneedhardworking,butalsohavesomeusefulmethods.Ifyouhavesomeusefulmethods,youwillfeelthatitiseasiertoachieveyourgoals.What'smore,wemuststoptalkingandgetdowntowork.Successisbaseontheactions.Actions,maynotletwegetsuccess.Butifwenotaction,itcanneverbesuccessful.Regardlessofthedreamisbigorsmall,thegoalishighorlow,fromnowon,swingitintoaction.Inmyopinion,ifyoufollowtheseimportantwaystodo

84资料仅供参考everythings,youwillgetsuccessatlast.6月16日大学英语六级考试　　PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　TheThree-YearSolution　　HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyear’stuitionandfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That’sbothanopportunityandawarningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.　　TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld’sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.OurresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld’swealth.In,623,805oftheworld’sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.　　Yet,therearesignsofperil(危险)withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.　　Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring“schoolyear”hasn’tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendaryear.“Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,”hehaswritten.　　Withinacademicdepartments,tenure(终身职位)，combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalforauniversitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles(压制)them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraginglike-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.　　Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudentsinterruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.　　CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.ThestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.

85资料仅供参考　　Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool’snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.　　Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.　　Thethree-yeardegreeisn’tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms”inMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.　　Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement(AP)creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.　　Forstudentswhodon’tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool’sresidency(住院医生)program,enrolledinVanderbilt’sundergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates.”Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear,”saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.　　Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam(遨游)intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimeforgrowingup,engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor’sclass.Iowa’sWaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.　　“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomicgrowth,”DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost.“Istronglydisagreewiththisapproach.”Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfacultymembers.　　Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenberg’sadvice:opencampusesyear-round.“Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,”hesays.“That’swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents’vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteachmore.”　　Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?　　A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.　　B)Tocutstudents’expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.　2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.　　A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange　　B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth　　C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse　　D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring　3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.　　A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom　　B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination

86资料仅供参考　4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?　　A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.　　B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.　　C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.　5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege’sthree-yeardegreeprogram?　　A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.　　B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.　　C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.　6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?　　A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents’needs.　　B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.　　C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.　7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?　　A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.　　B)Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.　　C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.D)Studentsdon’thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.　8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto.　9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorderto.　10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2　　Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.　　Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongaswe’reconsumingfossilfuels,we’reputtingoutCO2,”saysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University”WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.”　　ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.“Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralroleinreducingemissions,”saysKimCorley,Shell’ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant’scarbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.　　Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou’vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.　　However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?　　48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?　　49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.　　50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

87资料仅供参考　　SectionB　　　PassageOne　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.　　What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.　　Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.　　“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.　　“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”　　AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthecollapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.　　Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.　　Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed　　Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”　　ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.　　“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?　　A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.　　B)Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency.　　C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.　　53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?　　A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.　　B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.　　C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.　54.HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees?　　A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.　　B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.　　C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.D)Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.　55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch?　　A)Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.　　B)Itexaggeratesthesideeffectsofgoal-setting.　　C)Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.D)Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.　56.WhatisSchweitzer’scontentionagainstEdwinLocke?　　A)Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.　　B)Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.　　C)Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.D)Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.

88资料仅供参考　　PassageTwo　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(经济滞长的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?　　Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滞不前)underfaultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“Theinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofgovernment.”　　ContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyover-boardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment---followingRonaldRegan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.“Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“biggovernment.”　　IfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethattheAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal(财政的)policiesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.　57.WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandIndia?　　A)Copyingwestern-styleeconomicbehavior.　　B)Heavyrelianceonthehandofgovernment.　　C)Timelyreformofgovernmentatalllevels.D)Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention.　58.WhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“governmentistheproblem”(line4,Para.3)?　　A)Manysocialevilsarecausedbywronggovernmentpolicies.　　B)Manysocialproblemsarisefromgovernment’sinefficiency.　　C)Governmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicproblems.D)Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment.59.WhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsingin?　　A)Self-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreemarket.　　B)Cooperationbetweenthegovernmentandbusinesses.　　C)Abandonmentofbiggovernmentbythepublic.D)Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment.　60.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthepublicgovernmentdeficit?　　A)Theyurgethegovernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicpolicies.　　B)Theydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilimport.　　C)Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.D)Theyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferenttaxes.61.What’stheproblemwiththeEuropeanUnion?　　A)Conservativeideology.　　B)Shrinkingmarket.　　C)Lackofresources.D)Excessiveborrowing.PartVClose　　Musicproducesprofoundandlastingchangesinthebrain.Schoolsshouldaddmusicclasses,notcutthem.Nearly20yearsago,asmallstudyadvancedthe62thatlisteningtoMozart’sSonataforTwo

89资料仅供参考PianosinDMajorcouldboostmentalfunctioning.Itwasnotlong63trademarked“Mozarteffect”productsbegantoappealtoanxiousparentsaimingtoputtoddlers(刚学步的孩子)64thefasttracktoprestigiousuniversitieslikeHarvardandYale.Georgia’sgovernoreven65givingeverynewbornthereaclassicalCDorcassette.　　The66forMozarttherapyturnedouttobeweak,perhapsnonexistent,althoughthe67studyneverclaimedanythingmorethanatemporaryandlimitedeffect.Inrecentyears,68,scientistshaveexaminedthebenefitsofaconcerted69tostudyandpracticemusic,as70toplayingaMozartCDoracomputer-based“brainfitness”game71inawhile.　　Advancedmonitoring72haveenabledscientiststoseewhathappens73yourheadwhenyoulistentoyourmotherandactuallypracticetheviolinforanhoureveryafternoon.Andtheyhavefoundthatmusic74canproduceprofoundandlastingchangesthat75thegeneralabilitytolearn.Theseresultsshould76publicofficialsthatmusicclassesarenotameredecoration,ripefordiscardinginthebudgetcrisesthatconstantly77publicschools.Studieshaveshownthat78instrumenttrainingfromanearlyagecanhelpthebrainto79soundsbetter,makingiteasiertostayfocusedwhenabsorbingothersubjects,fromliteraturetomathematics.Themusicallyadept(擅长的)arebetterableto80onabiologylessondespitethenoiseintheclassroom81,afewyearslater,tofinishacallwithaclientwhenacolleagueinthenextofficestartsscreamingasubordinate.Theycanattendtoseveralthingsatonceinthementalscratchpadcalledworkingmemory,anessentialskillinthiseraofmultitasking.　　62.A)noticeB)noteC)notionD)notification　　63.A)thatB)untilC)sinceD)Before　　64.A)upB)byC)onD)at　　65.A)propelledB)proposedC)submittedD)subjected　　66.A)witnessB)evidenceC)symptomD)context　　67.A)subtleB)elementaryC)sensitiveD)original　　68.A)howeverB)moreoverC)thenD)therefore　　69.A)effortB)impulseC)objectD)attention　　70.A)opposedB)accustomedC)relatedD)devoted　　71.A)quiteB)onceC)oftenD)much　　72.A)organismsB)techniquesC)mechanismsD)mechanics　　73.A)uponB)amidC)amongD)inside　　74.A)subjectsB)modelsC)causesD)lessons　　75.A)enhanceB)introduceC)accelerateD)elaborate　　76.A)contendB)conveyC)conceiveD)convince　　77.A)troubleB)transformC)distractD)disclose　　78.A)urgentB)casualC)diligentD)solemn　　79.A)proceedB)processC)preferD)predict　　80.A)countB)concentrateC)insistD)depend　　81.A)butB)orC)forD)soPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)　82.Ithinkthatthemealiswell______________________(没有折扣的情况下值80美元).　　83.______________________(面对来自其它公司的激烈竞争),theautomobilemanufacturerisconsideringlaunchingapromotioncampaign.　　84.Asfarashobbiesareconcerned,Janeandhersister______________________(几乎没有什么共同之处).　　85.Onlyaftermanyfailures______________________(我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).86.Butforthesurvivalinstinctwhichnearlyallcreatureshave,______________________(更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了).       /6答案资料仅供参考1.Tocutstudents’expenses.2.collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse.3.suppressescreativethinking4.Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear5.Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.6.MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.7.Studentsdon’thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.8.thecore

90资料仅供参考curriculum9.staycompetitiveandrelevant10.bright,motivatedstudents47.capturingandstoringCO2或者captureandstorageofCO248.captureandstorage49.putittonewuse50.increasetheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables51.thescaleofCO2emissions52.D.Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.53.A.Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.54.B.Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.55.B.Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.56.A.Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.57.D)Freemarketplusgovernmentintervention.58.B)Governmentregulationhinderseconomicdevelopment.59.B)Effectivemeasuresadoptedbythegovernment.60.D)Theygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.61.D)Excessiveborrowing.资料仅供参考62.B)notion63.C)before64.B)on65.A)proposed66.D)evidence67.B)original68.A)however69.C)effort70.C)opposed71.D)once72.D)techniques73.C)inside74.C)lessons75.D)enhance76.A)convince77.A)trouble78.C)diligent79.C)process80.B)concentrate81.D)资料仅供参考82.Ithinkthatthemealiswellworth80dollarswithnodiscount(没有折扣的情况下值80美元).【点评】worth:“值”，;discount折扣。83.Confrontedwiththefiercecompetitionfromothercorporations(面对来自其它公司的激烈竞争),theautomobilemanufacturerisconsideringlaunchingapromotioncampaign.【点评】该句主语是theautomobilemanufacturer，横线处所填的是一个分句;beconfrontedwith：面临(

91资料仅供参考任务、困难)=face，因此也可填(facingthefiercecompetition……)84.Asfarashobbiesareconcerned,nearly(almost)havenothingincommon/hardlyhaveanythingincommon(几乎没有什么共同之处).【点评】havesomethingincommon有共同点。85.OnlyaftermanyfailureshaveIrealizedthatIcannotsucceedmerelybychance.(我才认识到仅凭运气是不能成功的).【点评】only位于句首时用倒装。至于时态，能够用现在完成时