上海市华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021-2022学年高三下学期第二次阶段检测英语试题

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华东师范大学附属东昌中学2021学年第二学期线上阶段质量检测英语试卷总分140I.ListeningComprehension(共25分；1-10每题1分；11-20每题1.5分)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Interviewerandinterviewee.B.Clientandmechanic.C.Customerandshopassistant.D.Teacherandstudent.2.A.Atapetadoptioncenter.B.Inanapartment.C.Aheadofthetwopeople.D.Atawatchshop.3.A.Shewasonatalentshow.B.Shefoundajobasaneditor.C.Shesteeredclearofpeople.D.Shewasofferedamagazine.4.A.Easy.B.Relieved.C.Frustrated.D.Illustrative.5.A.30yuan.B.40yuan.C.1,200yuan.D.1,188yuan.6.A.Shecomplimentedthemanonexcellence.B.Shestudiedinthesameschoolastheman.C.Shewonascholarshipinthemiddleschool.D.Shewasjealousoftheman’suniversity.7.A.Concerned.B.Confident.C.Indifferent.D.Excited.8.A.Shehasmetsomeinterestingteachers.B.Sheisgoingtolearnabouttheuniverse.C.Sheisquiteinterestedinarchitecture.D.Shewasdisappointedatherpreviouslife.9.A.Losingweightisalong-termprocess.B.Sheshouldgiveupexercising.C.Sheshouldtrysomeintenseexercise.D.Drinkingmorewaterishelpful.10.A.Shewasundefeatableinmaths.B.Shehadagoodappetiteafterthetest.C.Shedidn’tperformthatwelllater.D.Shewasquickinworkingoutmathsproblems.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion1/11

1youhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Sticktothedreams.B.Turntoothersforhelp.C.Receiveprofessionaltrainings.D.Quitandfindthetruedream.12.A.Therestwillbetheblockontheirwaytosuccess.B.Theymaysufferfromphysicalandmentalillnesses.C.Theyaregeneticallyprogrammedtopicktheproperjobs.D.Theyareinspiredtofollowtheirheartinachievingsuccess.13.A.Dreamsarechangeableoverthecourseofone’slife.B.Findingthetruedreaminyourlifehelpsonesticktoit.C.Childrenshouldtakeapermissiveapproachtowardssuccess.D.Peoplecanbetrainedtodoanythingregardlessofbackground.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Morepeopleenjoydiningoutattherestaurants.B.Moremillennials（千禧一代）tipthanbabyboomers.C.Thereisauniversalwaveoflosingweightnowadays.D.ThetraditionoftippingallinAmericaisdyingatpresent.15.A.Tipsareincludedintheirwages.B.Wemayrevisittherestaurant.C.Theyofferedexceptionalservices.D.Thereisadebateaboutfairness.16.A.Taxidrivers.B.Hotelworkers.C.Waitress.D.Fast-foodattendants.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Jeans.B.Linen（亚麻布）.C.Cotton.D.Fabric.18.A.Heisthecreatorofjeans.B.Itledtothefakeproducts.C.Itledtothepopularityofjeans.D.Heappliedforapatentforjeans.19.A.Theyaredurableandwasheasily.B.Alotofsexandviolenceadswork.C.Theywinthefavorofmanywomenliberalists.D.Theyareinfluencedbycowboystyleandrebelliousspirit.20.A.Thehistoryofjeans.B.Thechangeofjeans.C.Theadvantagesofjeans.D.ThecultureofwesternAmerican.II.GrammarandVocabulary(共20分，每题1分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword.Fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.2/11

2WhattosaytoarudepersonAsLordWinstontookatrainfromLondontoManchester,hefoundhimselfbecomingsteadilyannoyed.Awomanhadpickedupherphoneandbeganaloudconversation,21__________wouldlastanunbelievablehour.Angry,Winstonbegantotakeherpictureandsentittohismorethan40,000followersontweeter.22______________________________thetrainarrivedatitsdestination,Winstongotoffandleftquickly.Butthepresswerewaitingforthewoman.WhenshowedtheLord’smessages,sheusedonewordtodescribeWinston’sactions:rude.Winston’staleissomethingofamicrocosmofourageofincreasingrudeness,23__________(fuel)bysocialmedia(and,oftenpolitics).Whatcanwedotofixthis?Studieshaveshownthatrudenessspreadsquickly.Justwitnessingrudenessmakesitfarmorelikely24__________we,inturn,willberudelateron.Onceinfected,wearemoreaggressive,25__________(creative)andworseatourjobs.Theonlywaytoendaconflictistocallitout,facetoface.Wemustsay,“Juststop.”ForWinston,thatwouldhavemeant26__________(approach)thewoman,tellingherthatherconversationwasfrustratingotherpassengersandpolitelyaskinghertospeakmorequietlyormakeacallatanothertime.Therageandinjusticewefeelattherudebehaviorofastrangercandriveus27__________(do)oddthings.Theactsofrevengepeoplehadtaken28__________(range)fromtheridiculoustothedisturbing.Butwecandoitwithgrace,byhandlingitwithoutatraceofaggressionandwithoutbeingrude29__________.Becauseoncerudepeoplecanseetheiractions30__________theeyesofothers,theyarefarmorelikelytoendthatconflictthemselves.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassageswiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonceandcanbecapitalized.Thereisoneextrawordwhichyoudon’tneed.A.advertisedB.creditC.equippedD.featuresE.participationF.presentG.priorityH.safeguardsI.seeminglyJ.reportedlyK.tappingAbreedofupstartappsistakingonaninternetfunctionthatmightseemunneededorevenill-____31____:helpingteenstalktostrangers.Brandedas“socialdiscovery”services,theseappspitchthemselvesasalternativestooutletsthatalreadyspecializeinonlineconnections,likeFacebookandInstagram.Theysaytheyarebetterathelpingyoungusersmeetlike-mindedpeopleoutsidetheirexistingcircles.Andtheysaytheyhave____32____,suchasseparatingusersbyageandusingartificialintelligence,toprotectagainsttheinappropriateorunsafebehaviorthathascausedproblemstopreviousattemptstoconnectyoungpeopleonline.Theirusernumberssuggestthat,whethertheysucceedinstrikingtherightbalance,appslikeYubo3/11

3andHoopare____33____intoaneedamongteensand20-somethingsfornewwaystobranchoutonline.“Thereisnoplacetodaytosocializeonline,”saysSachaLazimi,the26-year-oldFrenchco-founderofYubo,whichconnectsstrangerswithmessagingandlive-streaming.Itis____34____contrarytocommonsenseforanyonewhohasseenteenssendingSnapsrapidfiretotheirfriends,respondingtovideosonTikTok,FaceTimingforhours,orusingInstagram.ButMr.Lazimithinksthoseplatformsallowfortoomuchpassive____35____.“Snapchat,InstagramandTikTokareallaboutperformance,contentandindividualbehavior,”hesays.Yubo____36____aswipinginterfacesimilartothatofTinder.ButMr.Lazimiinsistsitisnotadatingapp.Thepoint,hesays,istofacilitatecommunicationbetweenpeopleallovertheworldwhosharemutualinterests.Yuboisn’t____37____everywhereinthelivesofAmericanteensyet—andperhapsneverwillbe—butthecompanysaystheapphas25millionuserssignedup,withnearlyhalfofdailyusenowcomingfromAmerica.Butsomeoftheseappshavealsobeenthesubjectofsafetyconcerns.YubohasalsofaceditsOwnsafetychallenges.InFlorida,law-enforcementofficialssaytheyarrestedamanwho____38____lured(诱骗)ateenagerthroughYubo.Inastatement,Yubosaidthatthepreventionofchildabusehasbeenakey____39____forthepastthreeyears.“Yuborecognizesitsresponsibilityinprotectingyoungpeopleusingitsserviceandhasgonefarbeyondmanyofthemainsocial-mediaservices.”“However,actuallyteensare_____40_____withmoretoprotectthemselvesthanexpected”,saysDr.Hinduja.“Theyaredoingsomethingtokeepthemselvessafeorwewouldhavestrikinglymorevictimizationthanwedo.”III.ReadingComprehension(共45分，41-55每题1分；56-70每题2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,D.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thenotionthatmotherscansimultaneouslynurturetheirchildrenandtheircareersisoftenseenasamodernphenomenon.(41)_____historyisfullofmotherswhoreachedbeyondthehouse--courageouswomenwhoovercamesocietalbarriersandchangedtheworldforpeople(42)_____theirownchildren.The(43)_____forMother’sDay,AnnJarvis,wasasocialactivistandpioneerinthepublic-healthmovementintheU.S.AsamotherJarvissufferedthelossofeightchildren.Determinedtocombatinfant(44)_____inthearea,JarvisbegantoorganizeMother’sDayworkclubstoprovideeducation,medicineandsupplies.AftertheCivilWarbegan,Jarvisstrivedforsoldiers’wellbeing.Jarvis’impactwassopowerfulthatsheinspiredherdaughterto(45)_____foranationalholidayhonoringmothers,formalizedin1914.Intheearly1900s,LillianGilbrethalsoraisedherchildrenaloneafterherhusband’sdeath.Gilbrethwasawomanof(46)_____:firstwomantoreceivetheHooverMedalforsignificantpublic4/11

4servicebyanengineer,firstfemalememberoftheSocietyofIndustrialEngineers,andfirstfemalepsychologistonaU.S.stamp.Heraccomplishmentsinpsychology,(47)_____andorganizationalmanagementweresovastsheisconsideredoneofthefoundersofindustrialengineering.ShenotonlyadvisedsixsuccessiveU.S.presidents,butalsoimprovedsurgicaloperatingproceduresandinventedmany(48)_____appliances,fromrefrigeratordoorshelvestothepedal-operatedtrashcan.(49)_____massesofhistoricmilestones,theseresilientmothersandsomanymorelikethem,arenotexactlyhouseholdnames.Theobstaclesthatkeepmanywomenfrom(50)_____ahappybalancebetweenworkandmotherhoodarereal.Butlackofawarenessofthewomenwhoovercamesuchobstacles,andbrokeawayfromtherolessociety(51)_____onwomen,is,paradoxically,anobstacletoo.(52)_____outimpressedbiasisoneofthemostchallengingaspectsofgenderequalityefforts.Wecanpasslawsanddemandreform,butchangingmindsetsismoresubtle.Mothersareuniquelydevotedto(53)_____thatchange.OnthisMother’sDaythen,inadditiontohonoringthewomenwhohavehadanimpactonourlives(54)_____,let’stakeamomenttorecognizethe(55)_____mothersofhistory--thewomenwhosenameswemaynotrecognize,butwhoseimpactwefeeleventoday.41.A.InfactB.RatherC.AfterallD.Bynomeans42.A.inplaceofB.accordingtoC.duetoD.otherthan43.A.contextB.inspirationC.originD.innovation44.A.well-beingB.developmentC.fatalityD.nutrition45.A.campaignB.applyC.compensateD.engage46.A.improvementsB.promisesC.firstsD.ambitions47.A.sociologyB.industryC.publicserviceD.engineering48.A.kitchenB.officeC.domesticD.manual49.A.InspiteofB.AswellasC.RegardlessofD.Bymeansof50.A.toppingB.keepingC.spottingD.affording51.A.basesB.focusesC.imposesD.emphasizes52.A.LayingB.RootingC.MappingD.Working53.A.drivingB.implementingC.reversingD.tackling54.A.repetitivelyB.impermanentlyC.personallyD.indifferently55.A.notoriousB.distinguishedC.unparalleledD.lostSectionB(A)LiaThomas,astudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,isanexcellentswimmer.Sheoftenbeatsherrivalsbytensofseconds,breakingrecords.Hersuccessisbasedonthreethings.Oneisnaturaltalent.Anotherisrelentlesstraining.Andthethirdisbiology.Foralthoughsheidentifiesasawoman,MsThomaswasbornmale.Sincehumanscannotchangetheirsex,sheremainsthatway.5/11

5Ontheeveofherbiggestcompetition,MsThomasfindsherselfatthecentreofthebad-tempereddebateaboutwhethertrans-women--maleswhoidentifyaswomen--shouldcompeteinwomen’ssports.That,inturn,ispartofabroaderargument:shouldbrutebiologicalfactssometimesoverridepeople’sdeeplyheldfeelingsabouttheiridentities?Thisnewspaperbelievesitisalmostalwaysunfairtoallowtransgenderwomentocompeteinwomen’ssports.Theadvantagesofmalearesobigthatnoamountoftrainingortalentcanenablefemaleathletestoovercomethem.FlorenceGriffithJoyner’s100-metreworldrecordhasstoodforthreedecades.AmalematchingitwouldnotevenmakeittotheOlympics,letalonethefinal.In2016,atanAmericaneventforhigh-schoolers,fouroftheeightboysinthe100-metrefinalranfaster.Sportsmustthereforechoosebetweeninclusionandfairness;andtheyshouldchoosefairplay.Thatdoesnotmeanthattrans-womenwouldbebarredfromallsports.Onewaytomakethatclearwouldbetoreplacethe“men’s”and“women’s”categorieswith“open”and“female”ones.Thefirstwouldbeopentoallcomers.Thesecondwouldberestrictedonthebasisofbiology.Sportispublic,andresultscanbemeasuredobjectively.Thatmeanstheargumentthatthematerialfactsofbiologyshouldsometimesoutrankaperson’ssubjectivesenseofidentityiseasiertomake.Someoftheseargumentswillbetwistedbythosewhowishtrans-peopleill.Suchprejudiceexists,whichshouldberesisted,too.Mostofthetime,itcostslittleornothingtorespectpeople’schoicesabouthowtheywishtopresentthemselves.Intherarecaseswhererightsclash,societymustweighthetrade-offssensitivelyandwithopeneyes.56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonforLia’ssuccess?A.Sheisageniusinswimming.B.Shedevotesherselftoswimmingaroundtheclock.C.Shehasundergonephysicalenhancementtailoredtoswimming.D.Herphysicalfeaturesaffordheradvantages.57.Theunderlinedword“override”inparagraph2possiblymeans____________.A.outweighB.complicateC.dominateD.eliminate58.TheinstanceofFlorenceGriffithJoynerinParagraph3isintendedtodemonstrate____________.A.noamountoftrainingortalentcanenablefemaleathletestoovercometheiridentities.B.women’srecordspaleincomparisonwiththoseofmalehigh-schoolers’.C.inthecaseoftrans-women,beinginclusiveshouldn’tmattermorethanfairness.D.thegenderphysicalgapwhichisnexttoimpossibleforfemalestoconquer.59.Whichofthefollowingisapropertitleforthepassage?A.TheLegalRightsofTrans-womenB.TheBalancebetweenRespectandFairnessC.TransgenderAthletesintheOlympicsD.HowtoAppropriatelyCategorizetheOlympics(B)6/11

6MoreOn:Letter1gotogregJanuary28,2018|3:31pmIworkforane-commerceWebsite.IfoneofourIsomittingjobsmerchandisershasaquestionorwantstomakeacorrection,fromaresumelying?theye-mailtheentiredepartment.Inmyopinion,thisisrude---------------------andunnecessary.Itseemstomethatmasse-mailisappropriateHowtohandleforgoodorneutralnews,ratherthanmakingacorrection.Dostressatworkyouagree?Moreover,ifyouweretherecipientofthe---------------------correction,howwouldyourespond?HowcanmenandwomenworkTheonlypeoplewhoshouldbeincludedinane-mailarebettertogether?thosewhoneedtoknoworrespond.Includingeveryoneisrude---------------------andunprofessionalaswellasannoyingtorecipients.It’snotlikeHowwillcancerwedon’thaveenoughinourinboxalready.Idon’tagreethattreatmentaffectmye-mailisonlyforgoodorneutralnews,however.Sometimesyouson’sresume?needtoalertpeopleorcreatearecordofbadnews.Butnoone---------------------shouldusee-mailtoblameotherpeople.Ifyou’vegotaproblemWhattodoifwithsomeone,pickupthephoneortakeitoutside(foracoffee,youdranktoomuchatnotafistfight…geez).Asforhowtorespond,e-mailisusuallythecompanyineffectiveforresolvingconflict.Haveaconversationwiththeholidaypartysenderandexplainwhyhisorherapproachisn’tthebestandwhatyourecommend.Letter2January14,2018|9:24pmIt’sthestartofanewyearandIbelieveit’stimeforachange.What’sthebestwaytoexplaintoaprospectiveemployerthatyouareinneedofsomethingnewwithoutseemingflightyandwithoutcomplainingaboutyourcurrentemployer?Thenewyearisasgoodatimeasanytotakestock,butnottheonlyreasonformakingachange.Atleast,that’snotwhatyoucommunicatetoaprospectiveemployer.Yourreasonforlookingforanewjobislessimportanttoyournewemployerthanwhyyouwanttoworkthere.Needingachangemightbethecatalyst(催化剂),butthejobsearchislikedating,andyouwouldn’tasksomeoneoutandexplainyou’rejustboredinyourcurrentrelationship,right?AtleastIhopenot,otherwiseyou’relikelytobeaslonelyasBarryManilowsoundswhenhesings“It’sJustAnotherNewYear’sEve”.60.Whatisdiscussedinthefirstletter?A.Howtoaskquestionsinapoliteway.B.Howtorespondtoafalsecharge.C.Howtomakeacorrectionatwork.D.Howtohandlerudemassemailsatwork.7/11

761.AccordingtoGreg,expressingyourdissatisfactionwithyourpresentjobinaninterviewwouldbethesameas__________.A.talkingaboutyourfamilyissuesinpublicB.complainingaboutyourpriorpartneronafirstdateC.demonstratingyourqualificationstoyournewbossD.braggingaboutyourexperiencetoyourpartner62.Itcanbeinferredthat“gotogreg”mainlyoffersadviceonpeople’s__________.A.careerchoicesB.socialrelationshipsC.workingproblemsD.healthproblems(C)It’salmostspring,thetimeofyearwhenthechangeinseasonscouldleadtosomeprettyfascinatingcloudactivityinthesky.NASAandtheGLOBEProgramareinvitingyoutotakepartinacitizensciencecloudobservationchallenge.TheGLOBEProgramisaninternationalscienceandeducationprogramthatprovidestudentsandthepublicwiththeopportunitytoparticipateindatacollectionandthescientificprocess.FromMarch15throughApril15,citizenscientistsofallagescanmakeupto10cloudobservationsperdayusingtheGLOBEObserverapporoneoftheotherdataentryoptions(fortrainedGLOBEmembers).ChallengeparticipantswiththemostobservationswillbecongratulatedbyaNASAscientistinavideopostedontheGLOBEProgram’swebsiteandonsocialmedia.“TheGLOBEProgramisofferingthischallengetoshowpeoplehowimportantitistoNASAtohavecitizenscientistobservations:observationsfromthegroundup,”saidMarileColonRobles,leadfortheGLOBECloudsteamatNASA’sLangleyResearchCenterinHampton,Virginia.“We’regoingfromwintertospring,sothetypesofstormswillchange,whichwillalsochangethetypesofclouds.”Researchersuse,andvalue,thiscitizenscienceclouddatabecauseithelpstovalidatedatafromEarth-observinginstruments.ScientistsatLangleyworkwithasetofsixinstrumentsknownastheCloudsandtheEarth’sRadiantEnergySystem(CERES).EventhoughCERES’instrumentsuseadvancedtechnology,itisnotalwayseasyforresearcherstopositivelyidentifyalltypesofcloudsintheirimages.Forexample,itcanbedifficulttodifferthin,wispycirrusclouds(细小的卷云)fromsnowsincebotharecoldandbright;evenmoresowhencirruscloudsareaboveasurfacewithpatchysnow(片状雪)orsnowcover.Onesolutiontothisproblemistolookatsatelliteimagesfromaparticularareaandcomparethemtodatasubmittedbycitizenscientistsontheground.“Lookingatwhatanobserverrecordedascloudsandlookingattheirsurfaceobservationsreallyhelpsusbetterunderstandtheimagesthatwerematchedfromthesatellite,”saidColonRobles.Youdon’thavetobeacloud-gazingprofessionaltoparticipate.Forthosewhowanttobepartofthechallengebutdon’thavealotofexperienceidentifyingclouds,ColonRoblesoffersthefollowingadvice:“Justgooutside.”Themorecloudsyouobserve,shesaid,themorecomfortableyou’llbecollectingdata.8/11

863.Whydoresearcherslaunchthecloudobservationchallenge?A.TheGLOBEProgramisbadlyshortofhands.B.ThetechnologyCERESusesisnotthatadvanced.C.Scientistscancomparedatafromdifferentinstruments.D.Cirruscloudsaredifficulttoidentifywhenwithsnowcover.64.Theunderlinedword“validate”isclosestinmeaningto______.A.createB.cancelC.countD.confirm65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Citizenobserverscanonlysubmittheirdatabymeansofanapp.B.Observerssubmittingthemostobservationscangetaspecialprize.C.Observationsfromthegroundarenotasvaluableassatelliteimages.D.Thedatacollectedbycitizenscientistswillbepostedonsocialmedia.66.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.NASAEmploysNewmembers.B.CloudActivitiesBringaNewChallenge.C.CitizensGainExperiencethroughObservation.D.ProfessionalsTeachYoutoObserveClouds.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Again,alittlegoesalongway.B.Tipshavebeenofferedastohowtoproperlyexercise.C.Afterfourmonthsofworkouts,theirscoresimprovedonamemorytest.D.Studieshavesuggestedthatdyingcellsandbrainwastecanbeclearedwithenoughexerciseonaregularbasis.E.Butwhenitcomestogrowingnewbraincells,moreandmoreresearchshowsthatwhenyouexercise,yourmusclestakecharge.F.Andonceage-relatedbrainchangesbegin,startinginour30s,exercisehelpskeepbraincellsalivelongerandreplacesoldcellswithnewones.ExerciseforaBetterBrainMostofthetime,yourbrainisthebossofyourmuscles--directinghowyouhitaball,playthepiano,oropenacerealbox._______67________Whenyou’reactive,theysendchemicalsignalstellingyourbrain,“Hey,it’stimetogrow!”Recentresearchsuggestsphysicalactivityhasmultiplebrainbenefits,encouragingthebirthandgrowthofnewbraincellsthatsupplyoxygenandbloodsugartobraincells.Ina2016NationalInstituteonAgingstudy,peoplewhoranonatreadmillfor45minutesthreedaysaweekboostedtheirlevelsofabrain-derivedneurotropic(神经营养的)factor,achemicalthatactslikefertilizerfornewbraincells._______68_______9/11

9Withoutexercise,Suzukisays,“littlebabyneuronsdon’tgetbiggerandmakethousandsofnewconnectionstootherbraincells.Withexercise,yougetfullyfunctioningadultbraincells."Studiessuggestthatinyoungeradults,thiscanaddtotheoverallnumberofcellsinthehippocampus(海马体)._______69_______It’sagooddeal.“There’sevidencethesenewbraincellsareveryactive,”shesays.“They’reexcitableliketeenagers.Theygetinvolvedinmorememorycircuitsthanoldercellsdo.Yougetmoreconnections.”_______70_______Ifyou’reinactive,astrollaroundtheblockmaybeallittakestoencourageneuroplasticity,shesays.Andeverybitcounts.Ina2019BostonUniversitystudyof2354adultsintheir40sthrough60s,sedentarypeoplewhoboostedtheirdailywalkingby7500stepsormorehadbiggerbrainsthanthosewhodidn’texercise--equivalentto1.4to2.2feweryearsofbrainaging.Themorelightactivitystudyparticipantslogged,suchasdoinghousework,shopping,gardening,orwalkingthedog,thegreatertheoverallsizeoftheirbrains.IV.SummaryWriting(共10分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.EffectsofAcidRainAfterstudyingtheHubbardBrookForestandotherareas,researchersfoundseveralimportanteffectsofaciddeposition,morecommonlyreferredtoasacidrain,onbothnaturalandman-madeenvironments.Aquatic(水生的)settingsarethemostclearlyaffectedbecauseacidicprecipitationfallsdirectlyintothem.Asthisacidicliquidflowsintolargerbodiesofwater,itisdiluted(稀释).However,overtime,acidscanincreaseandlowertheoverallpHofthebodyofwater.Aciddepositionalsocausesclaysoilstoreleasealuminumandmagnesium,furtherloweringthepHinsomeareas.IfthepHofalakedropsbelow4.8,itsplantsandanimalsriskdeath.Itisestimatedthataround50,000lakesintheUnitedStatesandCanadahaveapHbelownormal(about5.3forwater).SeveralhundredofthesehaveapHtoolowtosupportanyaquaticlife.Asidefromaquaticbodies,aciddepositioncansignificantlyaffectforests.Asacidrainfallsontreesitcanmakethemlosetheirleaves,damagetheirbark,andstunttheirgrowth.Bydamagingthesepartsofthetree,itmakesthemvulnerabletodisease,extremeweatherandinsects.Damagetoforestsbyacidrainisseenallovertheworld,butthemostadvancedcasesareinEasternEurope.HalfoftheforestsinGermanyandPolandandabout30percentinSwitzerland,areestimatedtohavebeendamaged.Finally,aciddepositionalsohasaneffectonarchitectureandartbecauseofitsabilitytocorrodecertainmaterials.Asacidlandsonbuildings(especiallythoseconstructedwithlimestone),itreactswithmineralsinthestones,sometimescausingthemtodisintegrateandwashaway.10/11

10V.Translation(共15分，3+3+4+5)Directions:Translatethefollowingsentenceswiththegivenwords.72.品种各异的芒果是热带地区所特有的。(peculiar)73.请确保所有检测结果阳性的人们都将得到恰当的治疗。(see)74.这位受学生青睐的老师刚完成线上课堂教学就投入到社区志愿服务工作中去了。(Scarcely)75.疫情期间，造谣或传谣之人必须知道“玩火者必自焚”，所以改正错误才是免于惩罚的唯一办法。(epidemic)VI.GuidedWriting(共25分)Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校门口的道路每天上学和放学时间都非常拥挤，来接送学生的车辆不仅造成了道路拥堵，也带来了安全隐患，你决定就此事写一封邮件给学校相关部门，内容包括:1.简单描述校门口道路的交通状况及带来的问题;2.提出解决这一问题的方法，并说明理由。11/11