备战2023年高考英语考试易错题（学生版）专题06 定语从句

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专题06定语从句——备战2023年高考英语考试易错题【导入】“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that，非限制性定语从句中用who。2．如果先行词指人，且定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom，非限制性定语从句中用whom。3．如果先行词指物，且定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that，非限制性定语从句中用which。4．如果先行词指时间，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，定语从句中用when；如果先行词指地点，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，则定语从句中用where；如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。5．无论先行词指人还是指物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose。6．如果先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom；如果先行词指物，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which。技巧1关系副词引导的定语从句1.Thenthedaycame______IfinallyrealizedIhadtomakeachange.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：后来有一天，我终于意识到我必须做出改变。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为theday，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填：when。【答案】when先行词关系副词在从句中的作用与“介词＋关系代词”的关系表示时间的名词：time，day，year等when作时间状语＝at/in/on/duringwhich表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等where作地点状语＝in/at/to/onwhich

1表示理由的名词：thereasonwhy作原因状语＝forwhich(1)先行词为有地点含义的抽象名词point，position，situation,stage,state,case,scene，spot等后也常用where引导定语从句。Hesaidifweevergottothepointwhereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。(2)thereason作先行词时，若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，定语从句要用that或which引导。Thebossdoesn'twanttohearanyreason(that/which)youmightgive.　老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。1.WereachedQuebecontheeighthday,_________   mostpeoplespeakFrench.2.Theplanisdesignedtocreatedanatmosphere,________thestaffaremotivatedtoworkhard.技巧2关系代词whose引导的定语从句1.We’lltalkaboutaparticulartypeofcomfortfood______powertendtobelinkedwithpositiveemotions.【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们将讨论一种特殊类型的舒适食品，其功效往往与积极情绪有关。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是food，指物，在从句中作power的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填：whose。【答案】whose关系代词指代的对象及其作用关系代词指代对象在从句中的作用who人作主语、宾语、表语whom人作宾语which事物作主语、宾语

2that人或事物作主语、宾语、表语whose人或事物作定语as人或事物，一般用于“such...as”“thesame...as”“as...as”结构中作主语、宾语、表语1.(2015﹒四川)Thebooksonthedesk,coversareshiny,areprizesforus.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.that2.Inthisarticle,wewilltalkaboutaparticulartypeofcomfortfood________powermainlyliesintheassociationsitcallstomind.基础夯实考点一关系代词引导的定语从句一、关系代词的基本用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语、表语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人、物或事主语、宾语、表语Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。易错提示as用在限制性定语从句中时,常用于下列句式:such+名词+as...（像……一样的;像……之类的）;thesame+名词+as...（和……同样的）二、that和which的用法区别只用that的情况先行词是all、few、little、much、something、anything、nothing等不定代词时先行词被theonly、thevery、thesame、all等修饰时先行词是序数词、形容词最高级、被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时先行词既有人又有物时只用which的情况引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前有介词时Readersattractssomanyaudiences，whichmeansthatitbecomesmoreandmorepopularinChina.《读者》杂志吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。三、as和which的区别as

3as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，像……”。常作实义动词（如see、know、expect、say等）的宾语。whichwhich引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。Astheoldsayinggoes,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。”考点二关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词用法例句when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于“in/at/on/during+which”Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于“in/at/on/to+which”Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainvaluableexperience.学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。why指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于“for+which”Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?易错提示当先行词为situation、case、stage、point等,且关系词在定语从句中作地点状语时,常用关系副词where引导。Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.他们的孩子处于能说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段。考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句一、“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。此类结构常见的有“some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/thelargest+of+which/whom”等形式。Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于为什么人类在哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论都尚未得到证实。Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远的地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。二、在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以转换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Thenewly-builtcafé，whosewalls（=thewallsofwhich）arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。易错提示“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.在9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。

4模拟演练Ⅰ、单项选择1．OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.A．whomB．whoseC．asD．where2.ThereareagreatnumberofattractionsinTianjin,______IliketheAncientCulturalStreetbest.A．whichB．whereC．amongthemD．amongwhich3.Aftera57-dayhiking,theexplorersfinallyreachedaplace,________theybelievedwastheSouthPole.A．whichB．whereC．thatD．as4.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A．whenB．whereC．whichD．why5.Ithinkyou'vegottothepoint________achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou'llfail.A．whenB．whereC．thatD．which6.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,________isconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.A．thatB．whatC．whichD．where7.TherearehundredsofscenesinEnglishnovels________characterswalkthroughalandscapeoffallenleaves,whichmirrorstheirfeelings.A．thatB．whereC．whichD．when8.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike,________helpshimkeepfit.A．whereB．whichC．whenD．that9.HerearefourexperimentswehavetofinishbeforeJune6th,________twoshouldbedoneinthewild.A．ofwhichB．whoseC．inwhichD．that10.Iplacethosephotostakenwithmyfriends________Icanseethemeverydaysothatitcouldremindmeofthosebeautifuldays.A．whatB．thatC．whenD．where11.AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．when12.Hemayhavemissedthetrain,________hewon’tarriveinanotherhour.A．inwhichcaseB．inthatcaseC．underwhichconditionD．onthatoccasionⅡ、语法填空1GranddaughterGayleParks,31—______worksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.2.TheCrescentSpring,______beautyattractstouristsfromhomeandabroad,hasbecomearomanticparadiseforvisitors.

53.Thesample,______includes1,700gramsoflunarrocksandsoil,islargerthanpreviousones.4.ItmarkedthesuccessfulconclusionofChina’scurrentthree-steplunarexplorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,______beganin2004.5.Therisingnumberofwildbirdsinthereservehasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,______areabletospotorientalstorks(东方白鹤)andotherwildbirdsevenoutsidethereserve.6.Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbecomesdrier,peopletendtofeeltheirmouthsandtonguesaredry,______cancausecoldsorcoughs.7.PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,______inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.8.The2020SummerOlympics,______wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID-19.9.InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillsCompetitioninElectronicsinKazan,Russia,______isthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareerofyouth.10.ThemostfamousoftheseistheGreatRedSpot,______issobigthatEarthcouldfitinsideit.11.Whileflyingthroughthewind,itproducedsoundlikethemusicproducedbygu–zheng,______isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.12.Thevalleyincludingamuseumclaimstobetheonlyplace______visitorscansafelyobservewildAsianelephants.Ⅲ、短文填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It'sneverbeensoimportanttospendtimeoutside,1．that'sbecauseit'stheonlyplacetoexperiencedifferentscenesorforthementalandphysicalgoodprovidedbyfreshairandexercise.It'snotalwayseasytobe2．(motivate),which,however,iswherenaturecollectingcanhelp.Startbylooking3．(closely)attheflowersinyourgardenortreesonyourstreetthaneverbefore.Howmanyspeciesorunusualfeaturescanyouspot?Pickupafallenleaforexamineaprettyflower.Allowyourselftime4．(stop),breathe,switchonyoursensoryantenna(触角)andconnectwiththebiggerpicture.Make5．extraefforttolook,listen,smell,touchandtaste.Whenyouformnewhabits,whynotsetyourselfthechallengeofcollectingandidentifying100natural6．(treasure)overtheseasons,7．(use)somerelevantknowledge?Whenit8．(come)todisplayingyourfinds,therearemanymethodstoexplore,fromcontainerdisplays,andpressed-flowerart9．otherworksofart.Youcanalsotakephotosormakedrawingsofliveanimals,rareplantsorotheritems,10．youthinkneedtostayinthewild,suchasseashellsandpebbles(鹅卵石)onthebeach.Makeitpersonaland,aboveall,enjoy!真题演练【2022年】

61（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2（2022年浙江1月）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics__________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.A．fromwhichB．inwhichC．withwhomD．forwhom2．（2021·天津卷）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.A．whereB．whichC．thatD．when3.（2021年浙江1月卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(体重指数)across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier28．thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.【2020年】1.（2020·江苏卷）Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from__________studentscanchooseforfree.A.whoseB.whichC.whenD.whom2.（2020·天津卷）Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.A.whoseB.ofwhomC.ofwhichD.which3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）InancientChinalivedanartist61paintingswerealmostlifelike.【2019年】1.【2019·江苏卷】Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.A.whichB.whatC.whenD.that2.【2019·天津卷】Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what3.【2019·新课标I卷】OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.4.【2019·新课标II卷】NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield，___62___sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.5.【2019·新课标III卷】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters___64___hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.6.【2019·新课标III卷】Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.7.【2019·浙江卷】Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___58___givesofflightinthedark.8.【2019·北京卷】Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan___8___theygo.

79.【2019·北京卷】Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose___9___aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.【2018年】1.【2018·北京】Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.A.whichB.whoC.asD.that2.【2018·天津】Kae,_________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.A.whomB.thatC.whoseD.her3.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same startingline.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when4.【2018·新课标I卷】Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin201466showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses(cause).5.【2018·新课标I卷】Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.6.【2018·新课标II卷】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment_started_(start)asoil-testingprogram___69___givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.7.【2018·新课标II卷】Manywesterners57cometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.A.thatB.asC.whereD.when2.【2017·江苏】In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof_______purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.A.whichB.it’sC.whoseD.whom3.【2017·天津】Myeldestson,_______worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.A.thatB.whoseC.hisD.who【2016年】1.【2016·北京】Ilivenextdoortoacouple________childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.A.whoseB.whyC.whereD.which2.【2016·江苏】Manyyoungpeople,most______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.A.ofwhichB.ofthemC.ofwhomD.ofthose3.【2016·浙江】Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof______hasbeenproved.

8A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that4.【2016·天津】Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,____theweathermaybebetter.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when学习评价：_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________