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专题五文化教育型阅读专题五 文化教育型阅读理解
1专题导读专题五│专题导读文化教育类阅读理解的文章属高考常选材料之一，它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言和文化的关系。阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地了解并丰富自己的社会文化背景知识。
2专题五│专题导读这类材料的命题点往往在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。在做这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1)采用先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一些，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。(2)先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于做主旨大意题。(3)重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是Mainidea型；一类是Topic或Title型。
3真题典例专题五│真题典例【2011·广东卷】Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Twothirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.
4专题五│真题典例However,itwasn’tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk‘Dog’，anddogscanlearnhowtotalk‘Cat’．
5专题五│真题典例What’sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother’spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon’tgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.
6专题五│真题典例( )1.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto________.A．early B．sweetlyC．quicklyD．smoothly( )2.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen________.A．theyarecoldtoeachotherB．theylookawayfromeachotherC．theymisunderstandeachother’ssignalsD．theyareintroducedatanearlyage( )3.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?A．Theyeatandsleeptogether.B．Theyobserveeachother’sbehaviors.C．Theylearntospeakeachother’slanguage.D．Theyknowsomethingfromeachother’svoices.
7专题五│真题典例( )4.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs________.A．havecommoninterestsB．arelessdifferentthanwasthoughtC．haveacommonbodylanguageD．arelessintelligentthanwasexpected( )5.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A．Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B．Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C．Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D．Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.
8专题五│真题典例【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的，而他们不能和平相处是由他们误解了彼此的身势语而造成的。但有趣的是猫和狗能够相互学习彼此的身势语，这样他们就能和平相处。1．D 词义猜测题。由第一段“Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess...”可知猫和狗也可以平静友好地相处，因此意义最接近的是D项。2．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.”可知选C。
9专题五│真题典例3．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehaviour.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother’slanguage.”可知选C。4．B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Theycanlearntoreadeachother’sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.”可知选B。5．A 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知。
10专题五│新题预测(一)Afewyearsago,ItookasightseeingtriptoWashington，D.C.StandingoutsidetheRonaldReaganCenter,Iheardavoicesay,“Canyouhelpme？”WhenIturnedaround,Isawanelderlyblindwomanwithherhandextended(伸展)．Inanaturalreflex(反射),Ireachedintomypocket,pulledoutallofmyloosechangeandplaceditonherhandwithoutevenlookingather.Iwasannoyedatbeingbotheredbyabeggar.Buttheblindwomansmiledandsaid,“Idon’twantyourmoney.Ijustneedhelpfindingthepostoffice.”新题预测
11专题五│新题预测Inaninstant,IrealizedwhatIhaddone.IjudgedanotherpersonsimplyforwhatIassumedshehadtobe.IhatedwhatIsawinmyself.Thisincidentreawakenedmybeliefinhumility(谦恭),eventhoughI’dlostitforamoment.ThethingIhadforgottenaboutmyselfisthatIamanimmigrant(移民)．IleftHondurasandarrivedintheU．S.attheageof15.Istartedmynewlifewithtwosuitcases,mybrotherandsister,andastrong,seriousmindedmother.Throughtheyears,Ihavebeenadishwasher,mechanicandpizzadeliverydriveramongmanyotherhumble(卑微的)jobs,andeventuallyIbecameanetworkengineer.
12专题五│新题预测Inmyownlife,Ihaveexperiencedmanyopenactsofprejudice.Irememberatime,atage17,Iworkedasawaiter,andIheardafathertellhislittleboythatifhedidnotdowellinschool,hewouldenduplikeme.Ihavealsowitnessedthesametreatmentofmyfamilyandfriends,soIknowwhatit’slike,andIshouldhaveknownbetter.Butnow,livinginmyAmericanmiddleclasslifestyle,itistooeasytoforgetmypast,toforgetwhoIamandwhereIhavebeen,andtolosesightofwhereIwanttobegoing.ThatblindwomanonthestreetsofWashington，D.C.,curedmeofmyblindness.Sheremindedmeofmybeliefinhumilityandtoalwayskeepmyeyesandheartopen.Bytheway,Ihelpedthatladytothepostoffice.Andinwritingthisessay,Ihopetothankherforthepricelesslesson.
13专题五│新题预测( )1.Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat________.A．theauthorregrettedhisactofprejudiceB．theblindwomanneededthemoneybadlyC．theauthorwasaspoorastheblindwomanD．theauthorwasanativeAmerican( )2.AccordingtoParagraph4,hearingthefather’swords,theauthorwasprobably________.A．ratherhurtB．veryexcitedC．deeplymovedD．greatlyinspired
14专题五│新题预测( )3.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorprobablyagreesthatoneshould________.A．benicetotheelderlyandthedisabledB．trytoexperiencedifferentkindsoflifeC．treatothersequallywithloveandrespectD．thinkaboutone’spastasoftenaspossible( )4.Accordingtothepassage,howmanystatementsareTRUE?a．IwasnotborninAmerica.b．Iwasimpatientwiththeblindwomanatfirst.c．Iwouldn’tliketohelptheblindwomanatall.d．Ihavearatherrichlifenow.e．Ioncewasashamedofmyfirstjobs.A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.
15专题五│新题预测( )5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LearnfromyourpastB．HowmydreamcomestrueC．AbeliefthatwillneverchangeD．Apricelesslessoninthestreet
16专题五│新题预测【解析】一位上了年纪的女盲人在街头向作者求助，作者却想当然地认为她是在乞讨。之后作者知道自己错了，羞愧难当，经深刻反省后，端正了思想认识。1．A 事实推理题。根据第二段前两句Inaninstant,IrealizedwhatIhaddone.和Ijudgedanother...shehadtobe.再联系第四段actsofprejudice可知，作者知道自己错了，不该带着偏见行事，瞧不起穷人。2．A 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句Irememberatime...enduplikeme.可知，当时那个小孩的父亲把作者当成了反例来教育孩子，作者可能受到了很大的伤害。3．C 推理判断题。帮助盲人这件事并不大，但作者深刻反省，认识到不应该对弱势群体持有偏见。C项说法与作者的意图一致。
17专题五│新题预测4．C 细节理解题。从第三段第一、二句话可知a正确，从最后一句话可知e正确，从第一段可知b正确，从最后一段可知d正确，从本文最后的结果可知作者后来帮助了那个失明的老妇人，故c叙述有误，故本题答案为C。5．D 归纳标题题。主要根据在末段第二、三句Thatblindwoman…ofmyblindness.Sheremindedme...andheartopen.关键词语是末段第二句的onthestreets和最后一句的thepricelesslesson。
18专题五│新题预测(二)Justwhatisatigermother?AmyChuaisalawprofessoratAmerica’sYaleUniversityandherrecentbookonthesubjectismakingwaves.She’sbeencalled“dangerous”，“outrageous”，evena“monster”forherdescriptionsofhowshebroughtuphertwodaughters.HerbookBattleHymnoftheTigerMotherdescribesfightingwithadaughterforhoursatthepianotoensurethechildgetsapieceofmusicright.Sherejectedbirthdaycardsmadeforherbyhergirlsbecauseshedidn’tthinktheyhadmadeenougheffort.Shecomparedonechildnegativelywiththeother,threateningtoburntheirtoys.Herrulesinclude:schoolworkalwayscomesfirst;anAminusisabadgrade;childrenmustbetwo
19专题五│新题预测yearsaheadoftheirclassmatesinmath,andplayingtheviolinorthepianoisamust.Ms.ChuaconsiderstheChinesehardworkethicasawayofcreatinghappy,successfulchildren—atleastinhercase.Althoughshe’shadalargeamountofflakforhertheories,onethingcan’tbeignored—thesuccessofChinesechildrenintheeducationsystem.InBritain,shockingresearchshowsthatChinesegirls,forexample,areoutperformingallotherforeigngroupsatGCSE—79percentgetting5A—CGrades,comparedwith58percentofwhiteBritishgirls.SowhatisitaboutChineseparentingthat’sleadingtohighachievers?AndhowdoAmyChua’stheoriesplayintothatsuccess?
20专题五│新题预测Shetoldmethatifherdaughtercamebackfromschoolwith96/100inatest,Chuawouldaskherwhathappenedtotheother4points.It’saboutalwaysknowing“youcandobetter”，shetoldme.Interestingly,inChina,thebirthplaceofthetigermother,peoplearemovingawayfromtraditionalChineseparenting.Theyarefollowingmorewesternparentingstyles.
21专题五│新题预测( )1.AfterreadingAmyChua’srecentbook,thepublic________.A．feelverysorryfortheirownchildrenB．considerheraverysuccessfulmotherC．realizetheirmethodsofbringingupchildrenarewrongD．don’tthinkhighlyofhermethodsofbringingupherchildren( )2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAmyChuaaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Sheisverystrictwithherchildren.B．Shedoesn’tthinkherchildrenareclever.C．Sheisveryinterestedinplayingthepiano.D．Sheknowsplayingisimportanttochildren.
22专题五│新题预测( )3.Paragraph4showsthat________.A．Chineseparentsdon’tthinkgradesareveryimportantB．ChinesechildrenareclevererthanBritishchildrenC．ChineseparentsareproudoftheirchildrenD．Chinesechildrendowellintheirstudy( )4.Theunderlinedword“flak”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．attentionB．criticismC．curiosityD．contribution( )5.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.A．AmyChuawillchangehermethodsB．AmyChuaconsidershermethodsusefulC．AmyChua’schildrendon’tlovetheirmotherD．AmyChua’schildrenpreferwesternparentingstyles
23专题五│新题预测【解析】AmyChua写了一本关于教育她的孩子的书，书里面的内容引起了轰动，因为她的教育方法太严厉了。1．D 推理判断题。根据第一段可推断出大众对AmyChua的教育方法评价不高。2．A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知AmyChua对她的孩子很严厉。3．D 细节理解题。根据第四段中…Chinesegirls，forexample，areoutperformingallotherforeigngroupsatGCSE—79percentgetting5A—CGrades...可知中国的孩子学习成绩比较好。
24专题五│新题预测4．B 词义猜测题。尽管她因为她的教育理论受到了很多批评，但是有一点不容忽视——中国孩子在教育上的成功。5．B 推理判断题。根据第三段中Ms.ChuaconsiderstheChinesehardworkethicasawayofcreatinghappy，successfulchildren...可推断出AmyChua认为她的教育方法很有用。
